Shadowing Practice: Pharmaceutical Industry Overview | Pharma and Biotech: Distinctions | Understanding Pharmaceuticals - Learn English Speaking with Video
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1
So pharmaceutical industry.
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The pharmaceutical industry is really quite a vast network of companies.
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About 50% of the global pharmaceutical companies are located in the United States,
4
and about 40% of them are located in Western Europe.
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The other 10% are scattered about the world,
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and these are just a few of the major players of the pharmaceutical industry companies like Genentech, Amgen, Merck, Pfizer, Sanofi, Aventus,
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and Novartis really make up a lot of the big players in that space.
8
Approximately 1.7 to 1.9 million people work in the pharmaceutical industry worldwide.
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That's a lot of people
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and it gives you a sense of the scope of the industry out there in the broader economy.
11
Let me see if this will advance here.
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The pharmaceutical industry has gone through a lot of transitions and a lot of development over the past couple of centuries.
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Back in the 19th century, the pharmaceutical industry started coming into its heyday.
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Given the need for countries to treat wounded soldiers and struggle with pandemic diseases,
15
vaccines, antibiotics, and other kinds of treatments were created so
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that people could have a better quality of life and overcome some of these illnesses.
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Things like the flu and diphtheria,
18
tetanus, rabies, and other kinds of issues seem to predominate the early 19th and late 19th century.
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Then going into the 20th century, we ended up with things like antibiotics, insulin, a global scale, flu vaccines, polio, and so forth.
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And today in the 21st century, we're starting to get into the world of targeted therapies,
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where now we're no longer dealing with just large-scale epidemic-type diseases,
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but we're now dealing with more boutique diseases, where we have diseases that make up very much smaller portions of the population,
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but have every bit as devastating an impact on those groups.
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And so as we move into the 21st century, the pharmaceutical industry will take on a bigger, broader perspective.
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We will be penetrating into more parts of the global economy.
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Well, typically, when one thinks of the pharmaceutical industry, there are several kinds of divisions.
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We have the traditional large-scale pharmaceutical companies.
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that design develop commercialize and deploy pharmaceuticals then there are the newcomers to the business
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which are biotechnology companies these are companies that deal with biological therapies
30
and biological treatments and then there are generic manufacturers once drugs become
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available and are off patent then income other companies to try to offer the same medications at a reduced cost,
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thus reducing the amount that consumers have to pay at the cash register.
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And so there are some important distinctions between these various kinds of companies.
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For example, traditional pharmaceutical companies spend a lot of time developing and discovering new drugs.
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So too do biotechnology companies.
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A lot of money, a lot of time, a lot of research goes into understanding what kind of drugs and opportunities there are out there for development of drugs,
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and then the process for turning it into a commercialized product that can be sold on the open market.
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Biotechnology companies and pharmaceutical companies then also create diagnostic tools
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that can be used to help assess and understand the extent of the diseases
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and the extent to which the treatments they're offering are actually making a difference.
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Generic manufacturers, on the other hand, worry about making exact copies of what used to be once novel products in a space,
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but they are limited in terms of their scope.
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They do not come up with new drugs.
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They're not in the business of developing new drugs.
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They're in the business of manufacturing existing drugs, but doing it on a much cheaper scale.
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Now, there's a reason for generics appearing on the scene, and they usually appear on the scene much later than the pharmaceutical companies,
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because the pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies have legal rights that we'll talk about here in just a moment.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “Pharmaceutical Industry Overview”. Las palabras que más se repiten: pharmaceutical, companies, industry, drugs, diseases. Este vídeo tiene 48 frases y 652 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 5:08. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 127 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. El 82 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés; conviene repasar el resto antes de empezar.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| pharmaceutical adjetivo | /ˌfɑː.məˈs(j)uː.tɪ.kl̩/ | farmacéutico |
| biotechnology sustantivo | /ˌbaɪ.oʊˌtɛkˈnɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | biotecnología |
| commercialize verbo | /kəˈmɚʃəˌlaɪz/ | comercializar |
| antibiotic sustantivo | /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ | antibiótico |
| locate verbo | /ˈloʊˌkeɪt/ | ubicar, colocar |
| vaccine sustantivo | /vækˈsin/ | vacuna, linfa |
| devastate verbo | /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/ | devastar |
| diphtheria sustantivo | /dɪfˈθɪɹ.i.ə/ | difteria |
| heyday sustantivo | /ˈheɪdeɪ/ | auge |
| newcomer sustantivo | /ˈn(j)uˌkʌmɚ/ | recién llegado, recién llegada |
| predominate verbo | /pɹɪˈdɒmɪneɪt/ | predominar |
| rabies sustantivo | /ˈɹeɪ.biːz/ | rabia |
| scatter verbo | /ˈskætɚ/ | dispersarse |
| tetanus sustantivo | /ˈtɛt.ən.əs/ | tétanos |
| boutique sustantivo | /buˈtik/ | boutique |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| make up verbo | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | reponer, suplir |
| come up with verbo | ingeniar, ingeniarse | |
| go through verbo | atravesar |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 7 contracciones y formas reducidas, como they're, we're, we'll. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: pharmaceutical /ˌfɑː.məˈs(j)uː.tɪ.kl̩/, biotechnology /ˌbaɪ.oʊˌtɛkˈnɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, commercialize /kəˈmɚʃəˌlaɪz/, antibiotic /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/, diphtheria /dɪfˈθɪɹ.i.ə/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: vaccine /vækˈsin/, devastate /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: commercialize /kəˈmɚʃəˌlaɪz/, rabies /ˈɹeɪ.biːz/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como pharmaceutical, biotechnology, commercialize.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.