Shadowing Practice: Pharmaceutical Industry Overview | Pharma and Biotech: Distinctions | Understanding Pharmaceuticals - Learn English Speaking with Video
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So pharmaceutical industry.
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The pharmaceutical industry is really quite a vast network of companies.
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About 50% of the global pharmaceutical companies are located in the United States,
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and about 40% of them are located in Western Europe.
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The other 10% are scattered about the world,
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and these are just a few of the major players of the pharmaceutical industry companies like Genentech, Amgen, Merck, Pfizer, Sanofi, Aventus,
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and Novartis really make up a lot of the big players in that space.
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Approximately 1.7 to 1.9 million people work in the pharmaceutical industry worldwide.
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That's a lot of people
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and it gives you a sense of the scope of the industry out there in the broader economy.
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Let me see if this will advance here.
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The pharmaceutical industry has gone through a lot of transitions and a lot of development over the past couple of centuries.
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Back in the 19th century, the pharmaceutical industry started coming into its heyday.
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Given the need for countries to treat wounded soldiers and struggle with pandemic diseases,
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vaccines, antibiotics, and other kinds of treatments were created so
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that people could have a better quality of life and overcome some of these illnesses.
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Things like the flu and diphtheria,
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tetanus, rabies, and other kinds of issues seem to predominate the early 19th and late 19th century.
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Then going into the 20th century, we ended up with things like antibiotics, insulin, a global scale, flu vaccines, polio, and so forth.
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And today in the 21st century, we're starting to get into the world of targeted therapies,
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where now we're no longer dealing with just large-scale epidemic-type diseases,
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but we're now dealing with more boutique diseases, where we have diseases that make up very much smaller portions of the population,
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but have every bit as devastating an impact on those groups.
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And so as we move into the 21st century, the pharmaceutical industry will take on a bigger, broader perspective.
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We will be penetrating into more parts of the global economy.
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Well, typically, when one thinks of the pharmaceutical industry, there are several kinds of divisions.
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We have the traditional large-scale pharmaceutical companies.
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that design develop commercialize and deploy pharmaceuticals then there are the newcomers to the business
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which are biotechnology companies these are companies that deal with biological therapies
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and biological treatments and then there are generic manufacturers once drugs become
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available and are off patent then income other companies to try to offer the same medications at a reduced cost,
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thus reducing the amount that consumers have to pay at the cash register.
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And so there are some important distinctions between these various kinds of companies.
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For example, traditional pharmaceutical companies spend a lot of time developing and discovering new drugs.
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So too do biotechnology companies.
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A lot of money, a lot of time, a lot of research goes into understanding what kind of drugs and opportunities there are out there for development of drugs,
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and then the process for turning it into a commercialized product that can be sold on the open market.
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Biotechnology companies and pharmaceutical companies then also create diagnostic tools
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that can be used to help assess and understand the extent of the diseases
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and the extent to which the treatments they're offering are actually making a difference.
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Generic manufacturers, on the other hand, worry about making exact copies of what used to be once novel products in a space,
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but they are limited in terms of their scope.
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They do not come up with new drugs.
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They're not in the business of developing new drugs.
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They're in the business of manufacturing existing drugs, but doing it on a much cheaper scale.
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Now, there's a reason for generics appearing on the scene, and they usually appear on the scene much later than the pharmaceutical companies,
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because the pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies have legal rights that we'll talk about here in just a moment.
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Thank you.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “Pharmaceutical Industry Overview”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: pharmaceutical, companies, industry, drugs, diseases. Deze video bevat 48 zinnen en 652 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 5:08. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 127 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. 82% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| pharmaceutical bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌfɑː.məˈs(j)uː.tɪ.kl̩/ | farmaceutisch |
| antibiotic zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ | antibioticum |
| vaccine zelfstandig naamwoord | /vækˈsin/ | vaccin, entstof |
| diphtheria zelfstandig naamwoord | /dɪfˈθɪɹ.i.ə/ | difterie |
| heyday zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈheɪdeɪ/ | hoogtijdag, bloeitijd |
| newcomer zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈn(j)uˌkʌmɚ/ | nieuwkomer, nieuweling |
| rabies zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɹeɪ.biːz/ | hondsdolheid, rabiës |
| scatter werkwoord | /ˈskætɚ/ | uiteenspatten, uiteengaan |
| tetanus zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈtɛt.ən.əs/ | tetanus |
| boutique zelfstandig naamwoord | /buˈtik/ | boetiek |
| penetrate werkwoord | /ˈpɛnɪtɹeɪt/ | indringen, penetreren |
| deploy werkwoord | /dɪˈplɔɪ/ | uitrollen |
| epidemic zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/ | epidemie |
| insulin zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɪnsəlɪn/ | insuline |
| diagnostic bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌdaɪ.əɡˈnɑ.stɪk/ | diagnostisch |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| come up with werkwoord | bedenken, verzinnen |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 7 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals they're, we're, we'll. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: pharmaceutical /ˌfɑː.məˈs(j)uː.tɪ.kl̩/, biotechnology /ˌbaɪ.oʊˌtɛkˈnɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, commercialize /kəˈmɚʃəˌlaɪz/, antibiotic /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/, diphtheria /dɪfˈθɪɹ.i.ə/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: commercialize /kəˈmɚʃəˌlaɪz/, rabies /ˈɹeɪ.biːz/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: antibiotic /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/, vaccine /vækˈsin/, scatter /ˈskætɚ/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als pharmaceutical, antibiotic, vaccine.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.