शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Pharmaceutical Industry Overview | Pharma and Biotech: Distinctions | Understanding Pharmaceuticals - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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So pharmaceutical industry.
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The pharmaceutical industry is really quite a vast network of companies.
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About 50% of the global pharmaceutical companies are located in the United States,
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and about 40% of them are located in Western Europe.
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The other 10% are scattered about the world,
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and these are just a few of the major players of the pharmaceutical industry companies like Genentech, Amgen, Merck, Pfizer, Sanofi, Aventus,
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and Novartis really make up a lot of the big players in that space.
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Approximately 1.7 to 1.9 million people work in the pharmaceutical industry worldwide.
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That's a lot of people
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and it gives you a sense of the scope of the industry out there in the broader economy.
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Let me see if this will advance here.
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The pharmaceutical industry has gone through a lot of transitions and a lot of development over the past couple of centuries.
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Back in the 19th century, the pharmaceutical industry started coming into its heyday.
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Given the need for countries to treat wounded soldiers and struggle with pandemic diseases,
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vaccines, antibiotics, and other kinds of treatments were created so
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that people could have a better quality of life and overcome some of these illnesses.
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Things like the flu and diphtheria,
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tetanus, rabies, and other kinds of issues seem to predominate the early 19th and late 19th century.
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Then going into the 20th century, we ended up with things like antibiotics, insulin, a global scale, flu vaccines, polio, and so forth.
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And today in the 21st century, we're starting to get into the world of targeted therapies,
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where now we're no longer dealing with just large-scale epidemic-type diseases,
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but we're now dealing with more boutique diseases, where we have diseases that make up very much smaller portions of the population,
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but have every bit as devastating an impact on those groups.
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And so as we move into the 21st century, the pharmaceutical industry will take on a bigger, broader perspective.
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We will be penetrating into more parts of the global economy.
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Well, typically, when one thinks of the pharmaceutical industry, there are several kinds of divisions.
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We have the traditional large-scale pharmaceutical companies.
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that design develop commercialize and deploy pharmaceuticals then there are the newcomers to the business
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which are biotechnology companies these are companies that deal with biological therapies
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and biological treatments and then there are generic manufacturers once drugs become
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available and are off patent then income other companies to try to offer the same medications at a reduced cost,
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thus reducing the amount that consumers have to pay at the cash register.
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And so there are some important distinctions between these various kinds of companies.
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For example, traditional pharmaceutical companies spend a lot of time developing and discovering new drugs.
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So too do biotechnology companies.
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A lot of money, a lot of time, a lot of research goes into understanding what kind of drugs and opportunities there are out there for development of drugs,
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and then the process for turning it into a commercialized product that can be sold on the open market.
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Biotechnology companies and pharmaceutical companies then also create diagnostic tools
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that can be used to help assess and understand the extent of the diseases
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and the extent to which the treatments they're offering are actually making a difference.
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Generic manufacturers, on the other hand, worry about making exact copies of what used to be once novel products in a space,
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but they are limited in terms of their scope.
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They do not come up with new drugs.
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They're not in the business of developing new drugs.
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They're in the business of manufacturing existing drugs, but doing it on a much cheaper scale.
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Now, there's a reason for generics appearing on the scene, and they usually appear on the scene much later than the pharmaceutical companies,
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because the pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies have legal rights that we'll talk about here in just a moment.
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Thank you.
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संदर्भ और पृष्ठभूमि
औषधि उद्योग एक विशाल नेटवर्क है जो विभिन्न कंपनियों से मिलकर बना है। वर्तमान में, अमेरिका और पश्चिमी यूरोप में इसके अधिकांश प्रमुख खिलाड़ी स्थित हैं। इस उद्योग में تقریبन 1.7 से 1.9 मिलियन लोग कार्यरत हैं, जो इसकी विशालता को दर्शाता है। इस वीडियो में, वक्ता औषधि उद्योग के विकास और इसकी विभिन्न श्रेणियों के बारे में चर्चा करते हैं, जिसमें पारंपरिक दवा कंपनियां, जैव प्रौद्योगिकी कंपनियां और जेनेसिक उत्पादक शामिल हैं।
दैनिक संचार के लिए शीर्ष 5 वाक्यांश
- “Pharmaceutical industry”: औषधि उद्योग
- “Biotechnology companies”: जैव प्रौद्योगिकी कंपनियां
- “Generic manufacturers”: जेनेसिक उत्पादक
- “New drugs”: नई दवाएं
- “Targeted therapies”: लक्षित उपचार
इन वाक्यांशों का अभ्यास करने से आप औषधि उद्योग के बारे में बातचीत करने में अधिक आत्मविश्वास महसूस करेंगे। इन्हें अपनी दैनिक बातचीत में शामिल करें ताकि आप अंग्रेजी बोलने का अभ्यास कर सकें।
चरण-दर-चरण शैडोइंग गाइड
इस वीडियो की सामग्री को समझना और बोलना आपके लिए चुनौतीपूर्ण हो सकता है। यहां कुछ कदम दिए गए हैं जिन्हें आप अनुसरण कर सकते हैं:
- वीडियो को ध्यान से सुनें और समझने की कोशिश करें।
- महत्वपूर्ण वाक्यांशों और शब्दों को नोट करें, जैसे "औषधि उद्योग" और "जैव प्रौद्योगिकी कंपनियां"।
- अब वीडियो को फिर से सुनें और बोलने की कोशिश करें। इसे शैडो स्पीच कहते हैं, जहां आप वक्ता के साथ बोलते हैं।
- अपने उच्चारण और इंटोनेशन पर ध्यान दें। आवश्यकता पड़ने पर, कुछ हिस्सों को बार-बार सुनें।
- इस प्रक्रिया को नियमित रूप से दोहराएं, जिससे आपके अंग्रेजी उच्चारण में सुधार होगा।
इन चरणों का पालन करके, आप न केवल अपने बोलने की क्षमता में सुधार करेंगे, बल्कि औषधि उद्योग के बारे में भी अधिक जान सकेंगे। इसे अपने दैनिक अंग्रेजी बोलने के अभ्यास में शामिल करें और देखें कि कैसे आपकी भाषा कौशल में वृद्धि होती है।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।