Pratique du Shadowing: Pharmaceutical Industry Overview | Pharma and Biotech: Distinctions | Understanding Pharmaceuticals - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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So pharmaceutical industry.
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The pharmaceutical industry is really quite a vast network of companies.
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About 50% of the global pharmaceutical companies are located in the United States,
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and about 40% of them are located in Western Europe.
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The other 10% are scattered about the world,
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and these are just a few of the major players of the pharmaceutical industry companies like Genentech, Amgen, Merck, Pfizer, Sanofi, Aventus,
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and Novartis really make up a lot of the big players in that space.
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Approximately 1.7 to 1.9 million people work in the pharmaceutical industry worldwide.
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That's a lot of people
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and it gives you a sense of the scope of the industry out there in the broader economy.
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Let me see if this will advance here.
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The pharmaceutical industry has gone through a lot of transitions and a lot of development over the past couple of centuries.
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Back in the 19th century, the pharmaceutical industry started coming into its heyday.
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Given the need for countries to treat wounded soldiers and struggle with pandemic diseases,
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vaccines, antibiotics, and other kinds of treatments were created so
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that people could have a better quality of life and overcome some of these illnesses.
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Things like the flu and diphtheria,
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tetanus, rabies, and other kinds of issues seem to predominate the early 19th and late 19th century.
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Then going into the 20th century, we ended up with things like antibiotics, insulin, a global scale, flu vaccines, polio, and so forth.
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And today in the 21st century, we're starting to get into the world of targeted therapies,
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where now we're no longer dealing with just large-scale epidemic-type diseases,
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but we're now dealing with more boutique diseases, where we have diseases that make up very much smaller portions of the population,
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but have every bit as devastating an impact on those groups.
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And so as we move into the 21st century, the pharmaceutical industry will take on a bigger, broader perspective.
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We will be penetrating into more parts of the global economy.
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Well, typically, when one thinks of the pharmaceutical industry, there are several kinds of divisions.
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We have the traditional large-scale pharmaceutical companies.
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that design develop commercialize and deploy pharmaceuticals then there are the newcomers to the business
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which are biotechnology companies these are companies that deal with biological therapies
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and biological treatments and then there are generic manufacturers once drugs become
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available and are off patent then income other companies to try to offer the same medications at a reduced cost,
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thus reducing the amount that consumers have to pay at the cash register.
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And so there are some important distinctions between these various kinds of companies.
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For example, traditional pharmaceutical companies spend a lot of time developing and discovering new drugs.
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So too do biotechnology companies.
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A lot of money, a lot of time, a lot of research goes into understanding what kind of drugs and opportunities there are out there for development of drugs,
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and then the process for turning it into a commercialized product that can be sold on the open market.
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Biotechnology companies and pharmaceutical companies then also create diagnostic tools
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that can be used to help assess and understand the extent of the diseases
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and the extent to which the treatments they're offering are actually making a difference.
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Generic manufacturers, on the other hand, worry about making exact copies of what used to be once novel products in a space,
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but they are limited in terms of their scope.
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They do not come up with new drugs.
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They're not in the business of developing new drugs.
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They're in the business of manufacturing existing drugs, but doing it on a much cheaper scale.
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Now, there's a reason for generics appearing on the scene, and they usually appear on the scene much later than the pharmaceutical companies,
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because the pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies have legal rights that we'll talk about here in just a moment.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Pharmaceutical Industry Overview ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : pharmaceutical, companies, industry, drugs, diseases. Cette vidéo contient 48 phrases et 652 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:08. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 127 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. 82 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| pharmaceutical adjectif | /ˌfɑː.məˈs(j)uː.tɪ.kl̩/ | pharmaceutique |
| biotechnology nom | /ˌbaɪ.oʊˌtɛkˈnɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | biotechnologie |
| commercialize verbe | /kəˈmɚʃəˌlaɪz/ | commercialiser |
| antibiotic nom | /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ | antibiotique |
| locate verbe | /ˈloʊˌkeɪt/ | localiser |
| vaccine nom | /vækˈsin/ | vaccin |
| devastate verbe | /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/ | dévaster |
| diphtheria nom | /dɪfˈθɪɹ.i.ə/ | diphtérie |
| heyday nom | /ˈheɪdeɪ/ | âge d’or |
| newcomer nom | /ˈn(j)uˌkʌmɚ/ | nouveau venu, nouvel arrivé |
| rabies nom | /ˈɹeɪ.biːz/ | rage |
| scatter verbe | /ˈskætɚ/ | se disperser, disperser |
| tetanus nom | /ˈtɛt.ən.əs/ | tétanos |
| boutique nom | /buˈtik/ | boutique |
| penetrate verbe | /ˈpɛnɪtɹeɪt/ | pénétrer |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| make up verbe | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | constituer, composer |
| come up with verbe | inventer, imaginer | |
| go through verbe | traverser |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 7 contractions et formes réduites, comme they're, we're, we'll. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: pharmaceutical /ˌfɑː.məˈs(j)uː.tɪ.kl̩/, biotechnology /ˌbaɪ.oʊˌtɛkˈnɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, commercialize /kəˈmɚʃəˌlaɪz/, antibiotic /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/, diphtheria /dɪfˈθɪɹ.i.ə/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: diphtheria /dɪfˈθɪɹ.i.ə/, predominate /pɹɪˈdɒmɪneɪt/, rabies /ˈɹeɪ.biːz/, penetrate /ˈpɛnɪtɹeɪt/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme pharmaceutical, biotechnology, commercialize.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.