Pratique du Shadowing: How An Oil Tanker Works And Designed - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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an oil tanker is a ship designed for the bulk transport of oil
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or its products there are two basic types of oil tankers crude tankers
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and product tankers crude tankers move large quantities of unrefined crude oil from its point of extraction to refineries.
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Product tankers, generally much smaller, are designed to move refined products from refineries to points near consuming markets.
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The size classes range from inland or coastal tankers to the ultra -large crude carriers.
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In this video, we are focusing on an ultra -large crude tanker.
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Let's take a closer look at the main parts of this vessel.
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Pipeline systems are used to load and discharge oil, water, gas, and many other purposes.
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There is a helicopter landing pad.
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Cranes are used for transporting heavy equipment on and off the ship.
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Mast risers are connected to the cargo tanks below.
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They are designed to release pressure that builds up inside the cargo tanks during the loading or unloading of oil.
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The accommodation area is where the crew members stay, eat, and sleep.
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This is the control room.
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Emergency escape boats are used for the crew members to escape in life -threatening situations.
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Now let's take a look inside the hull.
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The oil cargo tanks store crude oil for transportation.
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Water ballast tanks provide stability for the vessel.
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In the aft of the vessel, there are heavy fuel oil and marine gas oil tanks that are used to power the ship.
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a sludge tank stores waste from the treatment system there is
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also a freshwater tank in between all these tanks of different
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types of liquid there are empty spaces called the cofferdum and down here is the engine room this is the pump room
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The crew working on this gigantic vessel can number around 30 people.
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Not all oil tankers have the exact same design.
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Many ships might have parts located in different spots, but in this animation, this is the basic design principle.
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A large crude oil tanker has multiple oil cargo tanks, primarily to avoid free surface effects.
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Sometimes, the sea can be rough, just like in this scenario.
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If an oil tanker has only one giant tank to carry oil cargo, it will face free surface effect.
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When the liquid inside a tank moves from side to side, it generates forces that impact the side of the hull.
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If the impact to one side of the hull is too strong, it can cause the ship to capsize.
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To solve this problem, oil tankers have multiple smaller tanks.
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When the liquid moves, the impact is divided into smaller sections, reducing the impact on one side of the hull.
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This provides more stability for the vessel.
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All oil tankers with a length above 120 meters are required to be double hulled.
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The double hull is designed to protect the oil cargo tanks from external damages.
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In a single -hulled ship, if the hull is shredded or cracked by any external impacts, it can result in oil leakage into the ocean,
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endangering marine life, and polluting the environment.
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The space between the hull and oil cargo tanks are used as water ballast tanks.
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When not carrying oil, the tank doesn't have enough weight to counter the buoyancy and will easily be moved by the waves.
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Without stability, it will be difficult for crew members to work and live. To be well stabilized,
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the bottom part of the vessel needs to be submerged under the water by filling the water ballast tanks. When oil is loaded,
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the ballast tank will discharge its water back to the sea to Thank you keep the ship from being too heavily loaded.
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All ships are required to have a water treatment system.
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It is important because when a ship pumps seawater into the ballast tanks from one location and carries it to another location,
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it might potentially bring unwanted microorganisms and bacteria.
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Before discharging water back to the sea in a new location, the water needs to be treated to kill all the harmful bacteria.
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Copherdom.
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It is a space which is used to separate different liquid tanks of different types.
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When two tanks of different liquid types share the same wall, and if there is a crack or leak, two types of liquid will end up spilled out and mixing with each other.
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That's why with the Copherdom separating two tanks apart, it creates a space for fixing the leak without contaminating the
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other tank let's take a look at how oil is loaded into the cargo tanks
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when loading oil weight distribution is very important to consider
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if weight distribution is uneven it can result in an unwanted accident for example
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if there is too much weight on one side the vessel
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will lose its balance to avoid this accident oil has to
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be loaded evenly each time there is a jungle of pipes here
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so let's simplify it
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and focus on the oil loading pipes only this pipeline is used to load
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and discharge oil in and out of the cargo tank this part is called a manifold
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and oil enters here a pump is used to push the
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oil through a bell mouth where the oil comes out into
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the tanks from the bottom to the top for example in
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this model there are 15 oil cargo tanks The first pipeline will load oil into these five tanks to ensure
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that the weight is evenly distributed.
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The second pipe will load oil into these five tanks, and the third pipe will load oil into the last five tanks.
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Three sections represented by three different colors for easy view in this animation.
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In reality, crude oil is black.
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With this design, it doesn't matter which pipeline is used to load
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or unload oil first the weight will still be distributed evenly.
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Oil cargo tanks are also equipped with heating coils to reduce viscosity for easy pumping.
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Oil tankers use a device called loading arms to load or discharge oil.
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During offshore oil loading the tanker receives oil directly from the subsea pipeline using a buoy and floating hoses.
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If an oil tanker is too large to get close to a dock, it will transfer the oil to a smaller tanker to carry it to the dock.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « How An Oil Tanker Works And Designed ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : oil, tank, tanker, cargo, ship. Cette vidéo contient 73 phrases et 1045 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 7:46. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 135 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 76 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| tanker nom | /ˈtæŋkɚ/ | navire-citerne, pétrolier |
| cargo nom | /ˈkɑɹɡoʊ/ | cargaison |
| hull nom | /hʌl/ | coque, cosse |
| crude adjectif | /kɹuːd/ | cru |
| ballast nom | /ˈbæl.əst/ | lest |
| pipeline nom | /ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn/ | pipeline |
| evenly adverbe | /ˈiːvənli/ | uniformément |
| bacterium nom | /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/ | bactérie |
| refinery nom | /rɪˈfaɪnərɪ/ | raffinerie |
| unload verbe | /ʌnˈloʊd/ | décharger |
| distribute verbe | /dɪˈstɹɪbjuːt/ | distribuer |
| dock nom | /dɑk/ | darse |
| leak nom | /liːk/ | fuite, voie d'eau |
| animation nom | /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | animation, invigoration |
| buoyancy nom | /ˈbɔɪ.ən.si/ | poussée d'Archimède, flottabilité |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| build up verbe | s'accumuler, s'entasser |
| end up verbe | se terminer, se finir |
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/, freshwater /ˈfɹɛʃˌwɔːtə(ɹ)/, extraction /ɪkˈstɹækʃən/, offshore /ɒfˈʃɔː(ɹ)/, accommodation /əˌkɒm.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: refinery /rɪˈfaɪnərɪ/, animation /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/, contaminate /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/, microorganism /ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.m̩/, viscosity /vɪsˈkɑsɪti/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hull /hʌl/, hose /hoʊz/, harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/, helicopter /ˈheliːˌkɔptə(ɹ)/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/, endanger /ɛnˈdeɪnd͡ʒɚ/, leakage /ˈliːkɪd͡ʒ/, sludge /slʌd͡ʒ/, submerge /səbˈmɝd͡ʒ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: cargo /ˈkɑɹɡoʊ/, crude /kɹuːd/, discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/, bacterium /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/, refinery /rɪˈfaɪnərɪ/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme tanker, cargo, hull.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.