Shadowing Practice: 5 Easy At Home Science Experiments w/ Mark Rober - Learn English Speaking with Video
בחר מצב תרגול
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293 משפטים
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Today we're going to do five at home experiments that are very near and dear to my heart.
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And for the first time ever, we're sharing the recipe for our favorite bit of chemistry called elephant's toothpaste.
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We've got some epic science lined up, and the coolest thing is that all of them can be easily done at home yourself.
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Whoa, whoa, Bob, whoa.
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First up is my childhood favorite, the egg in a bottle experiment.
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All right, science Bob Flugfelder.
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I did this at the science fair when I was in first grade.
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The main reason I liked it is because it involved fire.
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And I was allowed to light things on fire.
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I'm impressed.
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The ingredients for this experiment are very simple.
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We have an egg that's peeled, hard boiled, just like a standard milk bottle you could order off the internet.
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The neck size is very important though.
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You want it to be just smaller than an egg.
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How do you get the egg into this jar?
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Because as you can see, it can't really work.
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It breaks the egg.
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That could have been a mistake.
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There we go.
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How do you get an egg into this jar without breaking the egg and making a mess like this?
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What's the secret?
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The secret, Bob, is fire.
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First off, goggle up for safety.
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Gonna grab these papers with Tons.
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Gonna light the paper, put it in the jar, put the egg on top.
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Look at that.
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A fully intact, non -broken egg is now inside this jar.
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When air heats up, the molecules want to stretch out.
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They're moving around a lot.
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So when we light that fire, the air inside, it wants to stretch out.
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Then all the air molecules kind of suck back together, and it just pulls the egg right back into the jar.
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So now the question is, Bob, how do we get this out?
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So you have to go from a vacuum to pressure.
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We just blow into this jar, huh?
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*sad
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sad sad sad sad sad *
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*sad
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sad sad sad sad sad *
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*sad
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sad sad sad sad sad *
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*sad
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sad sad sad sad sad *
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*sad
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sad sad sad sad sad *
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*sad
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sad sad sad sad sad Woohoo!
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Now your challenge is to get that out, Bob.
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Oh my gosh.
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That's all we get.
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I say we got one bigger.
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Okay.
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There we go.
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There it is.
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There's the blup blup.
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Oh boy!
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Oh boy!
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Come on!
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It's coolin'.
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Wow.
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Man, we're getting so close.
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And we can't push it in either.
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No. We need to try.
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Well, wait.
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Well, can we?
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Oh.
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That's even cooler.
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So that shows you just how much this air shrinks and expands when it gets hot, right?
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It's a good start, Bob.
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Next up is Bob's favorite experiment, slime, and here's why.
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Here is a picture of me at seven years old making my first ever batch of slime.
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That is my evil scientist face.
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A lot of people know how to make slime.
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Yeah.
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There's this old craft glue.
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The secret of this is a chemical called polyvinyl alcohol.
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Now, I add just a little touch of water.
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So this is still obviously very watery.
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The next I've got Borax
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and Borax you'd actually find in the cleaning aisle I'm gonna take a teaspoon five milliliters
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And then we're gonna add about a half a cup of
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water nice thing about slime everyone's slime's a little bit different right now We got glue and water.
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Yep, Borax and water.
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Yep.
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Also important.
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You want to add your color now.
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I'm going jello pool right Bob?
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I love the jello pool.
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How much of that should I do?
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Not too much.
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Why?
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It's gonna get on your hands.
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Your hands will be red for the rest of the video.
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So you want to add it to your glue Solusion two drops.
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Yeah, let's start off - I'm doing three don't tell Bob.
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I heard that whoa you're very happy with that There are molecules in here, and they're all loose the borax is gonna bond all those
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together you want to just kind of experiment here I'm gonna take maybe a teaspoon of this
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and you can see right away look I'm doing three whatever you want Okay, but mine's like kind of goopy and runny that means
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that you still don't have a lot of bonds that have bonded so you add a little more Bonding activity.
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Whoa, so if you let it sit for just a little bit of time, it's a difference, right?
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It does.
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I like how it doesn't like Get on your hands.
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It seems like it would be sticky, but it's not.
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What if I were to add color now?
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It would be very hard to mix in right because all those bonds are made.
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Give it a try.
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My hypothesis is that Mark's hands are gonna be blue the rest of the video.
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Uh oh.
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It might be blue the rest of the week.
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That is cool.
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It looks like a blue heart.
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I I'm gonna go wash my hands.
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For at home science experiment number three, we've got a fun one.
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That's pretty simple.
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You just take a very clean plate and just put a nice little layer of water.
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Have you ever seen those water spiders that like glide on top of the water?
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The question is like why does it float on the water?
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Why does it just sink?
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We're gonna demonstrate that a little bit while I just pour a lot of pepper.
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It's on the surface.
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It's like one of those water spiders.
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of it on your finger like
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so put it wherever you want I'm gonna go right in the center I'm a magician I am a powerful wizard!
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Pepperous, Repellicus!
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Woah!
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You're a wizard, Bobby!
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What's happening here is disc soap has this special ability.
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It's called a surfagant.
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Surface tension is all the top layer of molecules in the water that are all joining arms.
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They're hanging together.
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Well, soap has the special ability to break those.
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As soon as you put soap, it rips that apart.
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And then almost like a rubber band, they all go to the side.
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And this is why disc soap is so good at cleaning things.
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like magic.
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But it's actually real.
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For experiment number four, it's super easy.
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For this, you need a clear glass and-- uh -oh.
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Whoa.
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Whoa, Bob.
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Whoa.
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So this is seltzer water.
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Put a couple of raisins in here.
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And you see how immediately we got bubbles released, right?
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All right, now put some of these popcorn kernels in.
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So far, Bob, I'm not going to lie.
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This is kind of a boring-- It's kind of lame.
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I get it.
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Now we have our dancing popcorn.
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They float.
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OK, they float.
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A dent.
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Wait, what?
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What is going on?
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that nucleate on it from the carbon dioxide.
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That's like arm floaties that are gonna float you to the top.
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And then when it gets exposed to the air, the arm floaties get popped, they sink, they get more arm floaties, they go to the top.
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So I figure let's add a variable, let's do it in something taller, right?
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I think there's no way a corn kernel will go all the way to the bottom.
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Okay, I'm dumping all these in with my blue hands, which someone didn't warn me about.
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Whoa, it's like a race to the top.
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Oh, okay, halfway, three quarters.
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Oh, go.
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Yeah, we hit the bottom.
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This is actually way more impressive in a tall cylinder.
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This is like a corn lava lamp.
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Get out of here, Bob.
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I don't know how it's gonna work.
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I haven't tried this.
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My hypothesis is that we're gonna get one that goes all the way down.
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I don't think that.
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Go, go, go, go, go, go.
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No. No. Come on, you got this.
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Oh, go, go, go.
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No. We're getting closer, dude.
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We're getting closer.
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Oh, yes.
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Experimentation and science looks and feels like you guys.
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We're just thinking of these things on the fly.
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We're curious.
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We're asking questions and we answer the questions.
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One question we had was which of the three containers would keep the corn moving the longest?
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And spoiler alert, it was the biggest one.
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Which had the most liquid and therefore the most carbon dioxide, or bubbles, stored up in the water.
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It's time for experiment number five.
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Bob, what is it?
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Elephant soupy.
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You guessed it.
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And this is an experiment, just like all these, that you should definitely be doing with a parent or some kind of adult.
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So let's start with our hydrogen peroxide.
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We're gonna do six ounces.
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I want you to get three tablespoons of warm water.
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There we go.
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To that, we're gonna add one tablespoon of the dry yeast.
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- Okay.
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- Now, I'm gonna have you mix that up.
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- Okay, it's a little like hydrophobic, or meaning it doesn't mix well with water, unless you really try.
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- So while we let that kind of mix a little bit, I'm gonna go with a good squirt of our dish soap, maybe like a tablespoon.
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And finally, some color, classic red.
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Okay, so let's review.
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In here, we have our hydrogen peroxide, liquid soap, and we have our coloring.
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- Yes.
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- In here, we've got our yeast and warm water.
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And then the last step is to mix them together.
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It's a catalyst.
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It's gonna speed up a reaction that's already happening.
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There we go.
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Okay, ready?
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Ready.
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Pouring, pouring, pouring, pouring.
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Whoa, here it comes, Bob.
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Wow, it's so smooth.
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It looks delicious.
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Very laminar.
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Oh, that's so beautiful.
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Whenever I smell this, it brings back so many fond memories.
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We ran so many experiments trying to get the right combinations
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and we just weren't getting as much volume as I wanted
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So I called up science Bob told me exactly what you're doing and you weren't using warm water
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Variable we weren't considering why do you think warm water does the trick formula for water is H2O right?
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So here's my little model.
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So this is your H and that's your two O's right?
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So you got H2O got it with hydrogen peroxide.
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It's H2O2 It hugs up with one of the other O's that pulled apart and now we've got oxygen and water.
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This is why you want the right amount of catalysts to pull these off.
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If you don't have enough, maybe only half of the hydrogen peroxide molecules get ripped off like this, right?
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So many experiments.
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All right, so that was the at -home version.
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That's right.
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Now this is 30%, which is why we have got our goggles on, we have got our gloves on.
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And for the first time ever, I'll say why Bob pours this in.
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In the video description, we are putting the recipe for this version of elephant toothpaste.
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The trick is you gotta do it with the science teacher.
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'Cause only a science teacher will be able to get this 30 % hydrogen peroxide.
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Plus it is more dangerous, so.
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- Don't wanna do it in your kitchen.
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- Or your bedroom.
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- What in the world?
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That's my office.
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- Okay, great.
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Three tablespoons.
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Now we have soapy hydrogen peroxide.
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- In honor of elephant juice based 3 .0, I say we'd agree.
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- Believe that got us a Guinness world record.
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And now our catalyst is no longer yeast.
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using a chemical called potassium iodide.
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- Your science teacher will get easy access to it.
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- We saw the home version, let's do the television version.
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- Television version, here we go.
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- I'm gonna give you the honors.
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There it is.
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And you step back.
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Woo!
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Ho ho ho ho ho!
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We had discussed moving it away from Skate's Drop.
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- Here you go.
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Uh -oh, Bob.
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- Here comes the big one.
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- Whoa!
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- It is definitely warm.
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- Yeah, so this is an exothermic reaction, which means it gives off heat.
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Definitely don't wanna touch this phone.
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- Yeah.
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- And you also notice that it's got these brown highlights.
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- Yeah, what's up with that?
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- So that's the iodine from the potassium iodide, which is brown.
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Let's add one more variable just to see what happens.
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- Okay.
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- Version three.
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Again, we're just adding a variable.
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- And ideally, you just change one variable.
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In science, the reason you change just one variable is now if the result is different, you know it's because of that variable.
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The result will be different.
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You don't know which caused it.
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If this looks different, we know it's because of the container.
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We are using glued food coloring because we haven't used glue yet.
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Same catalyst, same amount. And it goes.
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Oh!
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I was not expecting that.
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Wow.
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It just plopped out, Bob.
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And a lovely blue coloring.
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We got our gloves on, but it's still hot.
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I can feel the heat on that.
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- Ooh, yeah, that's really warm.
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Even through the gloves, you can feel the warmth.
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- So even if you do a home version, find a variable and experiment.
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- And change it and get it to look as cool as possible.
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The most important words in science aren't eureka, That's interesting.
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'Cause you do stuff that you're like, whoa, I wasn't expecting that.
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So let us know in the comments what experiments you wanna see us do next.
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If you try 'em yourself, of course, tag us on our socials at Crunch Labs.
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We'll catch you next time, right here at Crunch Labs.
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Bye.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This video has 293 sentences and 2302 words to shadow. The speech runs for 12:08. The speaker talks fast, about 190 words per minute, so expect linked and reduced sounds. 82% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English; the rest is worth studying before you start.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| experiment noun | /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ | A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of… |
| whoa | /woʊ/ | Stop (especially when commanding a horse or imitative thereof); calm down; slow down. |
| variable adjective | [ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩] | Able to vary or be varied. |
| soap noun | /soʊp/ | A metallic salt derived from a fatty acid, commonly used in cleaning products. |
| pour verb | /poɹ/ | To cause (liquid, or liquid-like substance) to flow in a stream, either out of a container or into it. |
| hydrogen noun | /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒ(ə)n/ | The lightest chemical element (symbol H), with an atomic number of 1 and atomic weight of 1.008. |
| glue noun | /ɡlu/ | A hard gelatin made by boiling bones and hides, used in solution as an adhesive; or any sticky adhesive substance. |
| molecule noun | /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/ | The smallest particle of a specific element or compound that retains the chemical properties of that element or compound; two or more atoms held together by… |
| float verb | /fləʊt/ | To be supported by a fluid of greater density (than the object). |
| catalyst noun | /ˈkæt.ɪ.lɪst/ | A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. |
| corn noun | /ˈkɔːn/ | Any cereal plant (or its grain) that is the main crop or staple of a country or region. |
| elephant noun | /ˈɛlɪfənt/ | A large mammal of the family Elephantidae in the order Proboscidea, having a trunk, and native to Africa and Asia. |
| glove noun | /ɡlʌv/ | An item of clothing, covering all or part of the hand and fingers, but usually allowing independent movement of the fingers. |
| yeast noun | /jist/ | An often humid, yellowish froth produced by fermenting malt worts, and used to brew beer, leaven bread, and also used in certain medicines. |
| trick noun | /ˈtɹɪk/ | Something designed to fool, dupe, outsmart, mislead or swindle. |
Phrasal verbs you will hear
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| bring back verb | /ˈbɹɪŋ bæk/ | To fetch something. |
| call up verb | To retrieve from personal or computer memory. | |
| get out of verb | To leave, exit or escape from; to become free of. | |
| give off verb | /ɡɪv ɒf/ | To emit; to produce and send forth; to come across in some manner. |
| hang together verb | To be connected. | |
| heat up verb | To heat, to cause to become hotter. | |
| line up verb | /laɪnˈʌp/ | To align; to put in alignment; to put in correct adjustment for smooth running. |
| move around verb | To relocate to new homes repeatedly; to not live in any one place for long. |
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 88 contractions and reduced forms, such as gonna, I'm, we're. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
- The “th” sounds: hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, smooth /smuːð/, warmth /wɔɹmθ/, toothpaste /ˈtuθpeɪst/
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: delicious /dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/, tension /ˈtɛnʃən/, dish /dɪʃ/, gosh /ɡɑːʃ/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/
- Long words — get the stress right: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/, combinations /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃənz/, ideally /aɪˈdi.ə.li/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Start at 0.75× speed, shadow it sentence by sentence, then go back to normal speed once it feels easy.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like experiment, whoa, variable.
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | have bonded · Have you ever seen · haven't tried |
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | can be easily done · was allowed · are made |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | reaction, which means · iodide, which is |
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.