Shadowing Practice: A (AN), THE: how to use articles in English - Learn English Speaking with Video
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136 משפטים
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Hey guys, welcome to my channel.
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Today I'm going to teach you the most common mistake in English, which is articles.
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And I forget them, I omit them, because I'm originally from Russia and in Russia we don't have articles.
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It's easier for Germans because you guys have articles, Italians have articles.
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By the way, let me know in comments below what language is your native language and whether you have articles or not.
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Because if you do, it's easier for you.
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But again, there are two articles a and the
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and we use a we use it to talk about objects
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that we encounter for the first time in our speech for the first time in this conversation
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and we use the we mean something specific so let's start with the first rule something specific is always the for example
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Marina where did you get the dress
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that you wore yesterday this is a very specific dress I only have one dress
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and I'm pretty sure she means the dress that I was wearing yesterday
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and that was the specific white dress whatever
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so this is a very specific thing but
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if I'm asking somebody can you get me a dress
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when you go shopping I'm not asking for a particular dress I just need a dress
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and whatever dress you can find that suits me just get it
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so could you get me a dress when you go shopping
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so see the differences in the first example
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when with specific dress i wore yesterday i meant the dress that i wore yesterday when i'm asking to buy
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a random dress uh this is a dress another thing to remember we only use a uh
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when we talk about single objects we cannot say a dresses this is wrong don't do
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that but um if a word starts with the vowel, A, E, O, U, okay, you know vowels, right?
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We replace A with N.
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An apple, an eggplant, an elephant.
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Another general rule is when you talk about something for the first time, you say A.
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When you mention it in your conversation, for the second time, you use the.
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For example, yesterday I went to a party.
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I mentioned it for the first time, but in the second sentence, i would say the party was amazing because i've already stated
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that i will be talking about a specific party
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and in the second sentence i'm referring to that specific party
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so it's the body now okay
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or another example yesterday i bought an apple you know just a random apple
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that apple turned out to be rotten
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so i'm taking him back to the store today okay
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so first i'm not mentioning a particular apple i just bought an apple doesn't matter
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which apple doesn't matter if it's big doesn't matter
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if it's small just an apple but then when i'm talking
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that it's rotten i already mean that apple that it's in my fridge
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so the apple okay however if we're talking about an object
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that is one of a kind we always use the the moon the sun the black sea the simpsons
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so we know that there is only one moon that's why we always say the moon we know
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that there is one sun so say that sun again we only know
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that there's just one family when we're talking about we know
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that we're talking about the simpsons right this is the movie
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so whenever it's something one of a kind
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it's the uncountable nouns what are uncountable nouns porridge oatmeal milk uh whatever you cannot count
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because when we're talking about porridge you cannot really count all the C's
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that are there and
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when we're talking about milk you cannot really count the cells yes you can measure volume
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but that's different we're talking about counting
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so uncountable nouns means you cannot count them right
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so with uncountable nouns we don't use any articles it's always
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I like oatmeal can you get me some oatmeal can you make some porridge for breakfast use some right
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Can I have some milk?
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I drank milk for breakfast.
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The only way you would be able to count milk is by adding glasses.
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So can you give me a glass of milk?
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And then you have this A, okay?
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But this A refers to glass, not to milk.
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And the second scenario when we don't use an article with nouns is when we have plural countable nouns.
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Bicycles, computers, cameras, bloggers.
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So whenever these words appear in a sentence.
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We do not use any articles.
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I have three computers at home.
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I like watching bloggers.
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I love bicycles.
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But why articles are so confusing?
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Because there are always, always, always exclusions. For example, there is a store in your house and they sell specific milk
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and you want to highlight that you like the milk from that store because it's one of a kind.
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You really mean that milk
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and you cannot get it anywhere else then you can say oh my god I love the milk from
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that store because you're being specific and again I just mentioned
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that with milk we don't use any the
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but we don't use any the or a
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when we don't mention specific milk we just mention milk as food
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but if we mean some kind of milk
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that it's only sold in a store that's uh one block away
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or in your house say the same applies to countable nouns in plural forms
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if that shop also sells apples
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that you love you can say oh i love the apples from
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that store they are the best in the world and people realize
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that you mean specific apples that are only sold there
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and they're one of a kind okay please remember that
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and feel free whenever you're watching this video
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if it's confusing feel free to stop feel free to open your exercise book rewind the video
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and write everything down again because i know it's super confusing
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and i know even like super advanced students make mistakes in articles
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so this topic is very important it's crucial
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but i'm here to help there's a quite similar rule for abstract nouns
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and when you're talking about something in general you don't need an article for example
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information on the internet is very useful
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so information is this abstract noun you don't mean any specific information you just mean
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that information that's available to everyone on the internet is very useful
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but again just to compare um when you use particular information
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that you received the information
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that i read on wikipedia regarding youtube is super useful then you need to insert uh the definite article the
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because you mean some specific information but when you're talking about information in general you don't use articles at all okay
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never use articles with proper nouns tuesday monday new york uh
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you can distinguish those proper nouns by the capital letter that they start with new york is with capital letters Washington DC,
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Russia, London, Tuesday, Monday, Wednesday, February, March, all of those nouns do not require an article.
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Okay never use articles with the names of the countries.
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Demetri makes this mistake all the time and I keep correcting him.
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Russia, France, Monaco, all of those countries do not require an article but of course there are exclusions to this rule.
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If a country's name consists of several words the united kingdom
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because the refers to kingdom here so the united kingdom the united states of america
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so whenever the name consists of several nouns you use the also no articles
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when you speak about languages
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and remember at the beginning of this video i asked you to write a comment below what language you speak
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and if you have articles in that language
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so you can say i speak french
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and there is no article i speak russian
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and there are no articles in russian
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so we don't have any article before the name of the language
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and the last but not the least
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when you're talking about meals don't use articles i've already had lunch today
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i've already had breakfast let's head out to dinner
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but again uh we're just talking about non -specific meals just you know stating
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that we had meal but if you want to say
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that you are sick from the dinner you had yesterday then you need definite article
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because you uh mean that specific dinner we probably ate uh sushi
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and you got food poisoning so uh
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when you mean a specific dinner it would probably be something in the past uh you use the
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that was it for me guys i hope it wasn't too confusing
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i know it's like articles are super confusing feel free to re -watch the video feel free to save
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it feel free to download it or whatever and re -watch it later
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because you know you're gonna get back to this topic over
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and over again because again there are so many exclusions to the rules
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that i've given you uh there are so many specific situations um
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and you just have to you know know about them
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but thank you so much for watching this i'm looking forward to reading your comments
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and if you're not yet subscribed to this channel the red button is below
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if you're not following me on instagram you're missing out on daily practice of english because i post everything in English there.
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It's lingua marina.
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Thank you so much and I will see you soon in the next videos.
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה מבוסס על הסרטון “A (AN), THE: how to use articles in English”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: article, specific, milk, dress, noun. בסרטון הזה יש 136 משפטים ו-1613 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 9:11. הדובר מדבר בקצב טבעי של כ-176 מילים בדקה, קרוב לשיחה יומיומית. 87% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית, כך שקל לעקוב אחרי אוצר המילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 מילים מהסרטון שכדאי ללמוד, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| noun שם עצם | /naʊn/ | שֵׁם עֶצֶם, שֵׁם |
| confuse פועל | /kənˈfjuːz/ | בלבל |
| meal שם עצם | /ˈmiːl/ | אֲרוּחָה |
| exclusion שם עצם | /ɪksˈkluːʒən/ | הדרה |
| topic שם עצם | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | נוֹשֵׂא |
| bicycle שם עצם | /ˈbaɪsɪk(ə)l/ | אוֹפַנַּיִם, זוּג אוֹפַנַּיִם |
| marina שם עצם | /məˈɹinə/ | מַעֲגָנָה |
| definite שם תואר | /ˈdɛfɪnɪt/ | מוגדר |
| compare פועל | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | השווה \ הִשְׁוָה |
| crucial שם תואר | /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/ | מכריע, חיוני |
| encounter פועל | /ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/ | נִקְרָה |
| elephant שם עצם | /ˈɛlɪfənt/ | פִּיל |
| poison שם עצם | /ˈpɔɪ.zən/ | רַעַל, סַם |
| subscribe פועל | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | נִמְנָה |
| insert פועל | /ɪnˈsɝt/ | לְהַכְנִיס |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | i've already stated · i've already had · i've given |
| שם תואר מובהק (Superlatives) the -est / the most … — לציין את הגבוה או הנמוך ביותר בקבוצה | the most common · the best |
| הווה ממושך (Present continuous) am/is/are + -ing — משהו שמתרחש כרגע או בסביבה הקרובה לזמן הזה | I'm asking · I'm not asking · i'm referring |
| עתיד עם “going to” be going to + verb — תכנון לעתיד או משהו שנראה שעומד לקרות | I'm going to teach · gonna get |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-50 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו don't, I'm, you're. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: exclusion /ɪksˈkluːʒən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, sushi /ˈsuːʃi/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, lingua /ˈlɪŋ.ɡwə/, rewind /ɹiːˈwaɪnd/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/, abstract /ˈæbˌstɹækt/, blogger /ˈblɔ.ɡəɹ/, marina /məˈɹinə/, rotten /ˈɹɑtn̩/
- עיצור קולי בסוף מילה — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ בלי להפוך אותם לאטומים: confuse /kənˈfjuːz/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/, porridge /ˈpɒɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/, rewind /ɹiːˈwaɪnd/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו noun, confuse, meal.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.