跟读练习: A (AN), THE: how to use articles in English - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Hey guys, welcome to my channel.
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Today I'm going to teach you the most common mistake in English, which is articles.
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And I forget them, I omit them, because I'm originally from Russia and in Russia we don't have articles.
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It's easier for Germans because you guys have articles, Italians have articles.
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By the way, let me know in comments below what language is your native language and whether you have articles or not.
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Because if you do, it's easier for you.
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But again, there are two articles a and the
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and we use a we use it to talk about objects
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that we encounter for the first time in our speech for the first time in this conversation
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and we use the we mean something specific so let's start with the first rule something specific is always the for example
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Marina where did you get the dress
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that you wore yesterday this is a very specific dress I only have one dress
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and I'm pretty sure she means the dress that I was wearing yesterday
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and that was the specific white dress whatever
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so this is a very specific thing but
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if I'm asking somebody can you get me a dress
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when you go shopping I'm not asking for a particular dress I just need a dress
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and whatever dress you can find that suits me just get it
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so could you get me a dress when you go shopping
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so see the differences in the first example
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when with specific dress i wore yesterday i meant the dress that i wore yesterday when i'm asking to buy
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a random dress uh this is a dress another thing to remember we only use a uh
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when we talk about single objects we cannot say a dresses this is wrong don't do
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that but um if a word starts with the vowel, A, E, O, U, okay, you know vowels, right?
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We replace A with N.
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An apple, an eggplant, an elephant.
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Another general rule is when you talk about something for the first time, you say A.
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When you mention it in your conversation, for the second time, you use the.
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For example, yesterday I went to a party.
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I mentioned it for the first time, but in the second sentence, i would say the party was amazing because i've already stated
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that i will be talking about a specific party
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and in the second sentence i'm referring to that specific party
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so it's the body now okay
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or another example yesterday i bought an apple you know just a random apple
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that apple turned out to be rotten
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so i'm taking him back to the store today okay
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so first i'm not mentioning a particular apple i just bought an apple doesn't matter
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which apple doesn't matter if it's big doesn't matter
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if it's small just an apple but then when i'm talking
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that it's rotten i already mean that apple that it's in my fridge
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so the apple okay however if we're talking about an object
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that is one of a kind we always use the the moon the sun the black sea the simpsons
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so we know that there is only one moon that's why we always say the moon we know
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that there is one sun so say that sun again we only know
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that there's just one family when we're talking about we know
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that we're talking about the simpsons right this is the movie
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so whenever it's something one of a kind
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it's the uncountable nouns what are uncountable nouns porridge oatmeal milk uh whatever you cannot count
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because when we're talking about porridge you cannot really count all the C's
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that are there and
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when we're talking about milk you cannot really count the cells yes you can measure volume
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but that's different we're talking about counting
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so uncountable nouns means you cannot count them right
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so with uncountable nouns we don't use any articles it's always
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I like oatmeal can you get me some oatmeal can you make some porridge for breakfast use some right
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Can I have some milk?
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I drank milk for breakfast.
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The only way you would be able to count milk is by adding glasses.
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So can you give me a glass of milk?
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And then you have this A, okay?
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But this A refers to glass, not to milk.
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And the second scenario when we don't use an article with nouns is when we have plural countable nouns.
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Bicycles, computers, cameras, bloggers.
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So whenever these words appear in a sentence.
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We do not use any articles.
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I have three computers at home.
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I like watching bloggers.
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I love bicycles.
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But why articles are so confusing?
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Because there are always, always, always exclusions. For example, there is a store in your house and they sell specific milk
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and you want to highlight that you like the milk from that store because it's one of a kind.
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You really mean that milk
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and you cannot get it anywhere else then you can say oh my god I love the milk from
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that store because you're being specific and again I just mentioned
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that with milk we don't use any the
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but we don't use any the or a
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when we don't mention specific milk we just mention milk as food
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but if we mean some kind of milk
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that it's only sold in a store that's uh one block away
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or in your house say the same applies to countable nouns in plural forms
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if that shop also sells apples
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that you love you can say oh i love the apples from
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that store they are the best in the world and people realize
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that you mean specific apples that are only sold there
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and they're one of a kind okay please remember that
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and feel free whenever you're watching this video
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if it's confusing feel free to stop feel free to open your exercise book rewind the video
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and write everything down again because i know it's super confusing
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and i know even like super advanced students make mistakes in articles
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so this topic is very important it's crucial
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but i'm here to help there's a quite similar rule for abstract nouns
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and when you're talking about something in general you don't need an article for example
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information on the internet is very useful
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so information is this abstract noun you don't mean any specific information you just mean
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that information that's available to everyone on the internet is very useful
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but again just to compare um when you use particular information
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that you received the information
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that i read on wikipedia regarding youtube is super useful then you need to insert uh the definite article the
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because you mean some specific information but when you're talking about information in general you don't use articles at all okay
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never use articles with proper nouns tuesday monday new york uh
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you can distinguish those proper nouns by the capital letter that they start with new york is with capital letters Washington DC,
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Russia, London, Tuesday, Monday, Wednesday, February, March, all of those nouns do not require an article.
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Okay never use articles with the names of the countries.
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Demetri makes this mistake all the time and I keep correcting him.
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Russia, France, Monaco, all of those countries do not require an article but of course there are exclusions to this rule.
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If a country's name consists of several words the united kingdom
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because the refers to kingdom here so the united kingdom the united states of america
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so whenever the name consists of several nouns you use the also no articles
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when you speak about languages
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and remember at the beginning of this video i asked you to write a comment below what language you speak
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and if you have articles in that language
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so you can say i speak french
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and there is no article i speak russian
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and there are no articles in russian
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so we don't have any article before the name of the language
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and the last but not the least
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when you're talking about meals don't use articles i've already had lunch today
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i've already had breakfast let's head out to dinner
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but again uh we're just talking about non -specific meals just you know stating
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that we had meal but if you want to say
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that you are sick from the dinner you had yesterday then you need definite article
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because you uh mean that specific dinner we probably ate uh sushi
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and you got food poisoning so uh
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when you mean a specific dinner it would probably be something in the past uh you use the
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that was it for me guys i hope it wasn't too confusing
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i know it's like articles are super confusing feel free to re -watch the video feel free to save
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it feel free to download it or whatever and re -watch it later
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because you know you're gonna get back to this topic over
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and over again because again there are so many exclusions to the rules
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that i've given you uh there are so many specific situations um
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and you just have to you know know about them
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but thank you so much for watching this i'm looking forward to reading your comments
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and if you're not yet subscribed to this channel the red button is below
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if you're not following me on instagram you're missing out on daily practice of english because i post everything in English there.
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It's lingua marina.
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Thank you so much and I will see you soon in the next videos.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“A (AN), THE: how to use articles in English”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：article, specific, milk, dress, noun。 这段视频共有 136 个句子、1613 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 9:11。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 176 个词，接近日常对话。 87% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇容易理解。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| noun 名词 | /naʊn/ | 名詞 /名词 |
| confuse 动词 | /kənˈfjuːz/ | 讓……困惑 /让……困惑 |
| meal 名词 | /ˈmiːl/ | 餐, 飯 /饭 |
| refer 动词 | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | 談到 /谈到 |
| topic 名词 | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | 主題 /主题, 話題 /话题 |
| abstract 名词 | /ˈæbˌstɹækt/ | 摘要 |
| bicycle 名词 | /ˈbaɪsɪk(ə)l/ | 自行車 /自行车, 腳踏車 /脚踏车 |
| consist 名词 | /kənˈsɪst/ | 編組 /编组 |
| blogger 名词 | /ˈblɔ.ɡəɹ/ | 博客, 博主 |
| rotten 形容词 | /ˈɹɑtn̩/ | 腐爛 /腐烂, 腐朽 |
| plural 名词 | /ˈplʊəɹəl/ | 複數 /复数, 眾數 /众数 |
| compare 动词 | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | 比, 比較 /比较 |
| crucial 形容词 | /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/ | 關鍵的 /关键的, 決定性的 /决定性的 |
| encounter 动词 | /ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/ | 遇到, 遇見 /遇见 |
| highlight 动词 | /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/ | 凸顯 /凸显, 強調 /强调 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| look forward to 动词 | 期待, 向往 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | i've already stated · i've already had · i've given |
| 最高级 the -est / the most … — 一组中最高或最低的 | the most common · the best |
| 现在进行时 am/is/are + -ing — 此刻或近期正在发生的事 | I'm asking · I'm not asking · i'm referring |
| “going to” 表将来 be going to + 动词 — 计划或明显即将发生的事 | I'm going to teach · gonna get |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 50 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, I'm, you're。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: exclusion /ɪksˈkluːʒən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, sushi /ˈsuːʃi/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: confuse /kənˈfjuːz/, topic /ˈtɑpɪk/, abstract /ˈæbˌstɹækt/, consist /kənˈsɪst/, definite /ˈdɛfɪnɪt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: blogger /ˈblɔ.ɡəɹ/, plural /ˈplʊəɹəl/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 noun, confuse, meal 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。