Shadowing Practice: China’s Fluctuating Population Explained | Geography | ClickView - Learn English Speaking with Video
בחר מצב תרגול
כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.
47 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
1
- With more than 1,440,000,000 people living within its border, the People's Republic of China is the world's most populous nation.
2
It comprises just under 20% of the entire world's population.
3
While the Republic itself was only founded in the mid-20th century, China's borders are vast encompassing a diversity of landscapes, cultures, languages and traditions that date back thousands of years.
4
Thanks to extensive record keeping by emperors dating back to the 2nd century, we know that for a millennium the population fluctuated between roughly 40 and 60 million people as plagues and wars came and went.
5
Then in the Ming Dynasty in the 14th century, China's population began growing steadily.
6
Like many nations, the period coinciding with the Industrial Revolution brought changes in health and nutrition that extended lifespans and reduced infant mortality.
7
By 1820, China had more than 380 million citizens which was 1/3 of the whole world's population.
8
When the People's Republic of China was established in October 1949, its total population was already half a billion, more than triple the US population of 150 million at that time.
9
The modern nation covers an area of just over 3.7 million square miles with a total population density of 375 people per square mile.
10
Shanghai alone is home to more than 23 million people giving it a population density of just under 5,200 individuals per square mile.
11
In its more concentrated districts, this figure soars to more than 9,800 inhabitants for every square mile.
12
Elsewhere China's population could be considered quite sparse.
13
Tibet's 3.18 million people make up just a fraction of a percent of the total population and due to its rugged terrain, it has an average of just five people per square mile.
14
Under the Communist Party of China the total fertility rate was initially five to six children per woman.
15
This caused rapid population growth, which was first seen as an advantage by China's government.
16
However, the population outstripped agricultural production and a series of catastrophic famines claimed millions of lives.
17
From 1958 to 1960, an economic campaign, called the Great Leap Forward, attempted to bring China's agrarian state into line with modern nations, such as the U.K.
18
Farmers were relocated into villages called communes and many were forced to give up what little food they grew.
19
The state took it for processing and export, and this led to mass starvation.
20
In the years that followed, continued reforms further industrialized China.
21
By the 1960s, child mortality was dropping significantly.
22
Where previously more than 131 out of every 1,000 children born would die before their fifth birthday, that figure fell to 55 in 1980.
23
Today, that figure is just 10.
24
From a life expectancy of around 32 from the mid 19th century through to the 1920s, by the 1970s, the average citizen in China could expect to live well into their 60s.
25
In 2021, this figure reached 77 years.
26
In just a few decades, the population virtually doubled.
27
What was seen as a tremendous resource was beginning to look like a serious problem.
28
One solution was to encourage couples to marry later and have just two children.
29
In 1979, China's leader, Deng Xiaoping, reduced that number to just one child per couple in what would famously become known as China's one-child policy.
30
Those who had more children faced a penalty in the form of a child raising fee.
31
Contraception and sterilization were enforced at the risk of losing employment or access to healthcare.
32
The policy successfully reduced the total fertility rate seeing it drop to 1.7 children per woman, well below the replacement rate of 2.1.
33
But in 2015, faced with an aging population and an increasing dependency ratio, the government relaxed the policy to allow for two children.
34
Then in 2021, with a fertility rate of just 1.3, the number of children allowable was raised again to three.
35
So what might the future hold?
36
China has very few immigrants with the government issuing only around 1,000 permanent residency cards each year.
37
At the same time, more Chinese have emigrated in recent years, especially wealthy ones.
38
China experiences a consistently low fertility rate, a declining infant mortality rate, and an increasing life expectancy.
39
This is reflected in China's population distribution with the bottom tapering inward and a widening in the middle age groups.
40
Together these factors place China in stage four of the Demographic Transition Model.
41
It's expected that China's population will continue to increase slowly, peaking at 1.46 billion around 2030.
42
Then China's birth rate is expected to fall below the death rate and the population will begin declining.
43
It could drop to just over one billion people by the end of the century or perhaps even lower.
44
During this period of decline, China will have progressed to stage five of the Demographic Transition Model, joining some of the most developed countries in the world.
45
Just as China had to deal with the consequences of a booming population in the past, in the future, the consequences of a shrinking one might need some innovative thinking.
46
If you liked this video you can find it and so many more at clickview.net.
47
Sign up for free today!
הורד אפליקציה
כל מה שאתה צריך כדי לדבר בשטף
הגיית AIציון לכל משפט
תרגול IPAשלוט בכל צליל
אוצר מיליםבנה את מאגר המילים שלך
משחק אוצר מיליםלמד תוך כדי משחק
אותו ערוץ
B226
Developing a Growth Mindset
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B110
Continents And Oceans
KidsTravel English
C11
North American Continent: Human and Environmental Characteristics | Geography | ClickView
University StudentsWorking Adults
B15
What Is International Women's Day?
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
A29
Wellbeing for Children: Healthy Habits
KidsTeensDaily Conversation
C1The Demographic Transition Model Explained | Geography | ClickView
University Students
C1Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation’s Impact | Geography | ClickView
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1Types of Natural Environments | Geography | ClickView
University StudentsWorking Adults
C1Global Connections: Migration, Education and Trade
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1What Are Tectonic Plates? Our Earth and Its Movements
University StudentsWorking Adults
C1What is Climate Change? Explore the Causes of Climate Change
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1Environmental Impacts Of Consumer Products
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1Megacities: London
University StudentsWorking Adults
C1What Are Volcanoes and How Are They Formed?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1Understanding Malaria: Causes Of Malaria
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C2Understanding Global Atmospheric Circulation
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C2Formation Of A Tropical Cyclone
University StudentsWorking Adults
C1What Are Igneous Rocks?
University Students
C1Why do people celebrate Valentine's Day? Learn the origins | History | ClickView
TeensDaily ConversationHigh School Students
FOR YOU
המלץ על סרטון
B28
75 משפטים
Overpopulation – The Human Explosion Explained
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C15
190 משפטים
Can there ever really be “one China?”
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C117
18 משפטים
Quốc gia đáng sống nhất | TED-Ed | Học Tiếng Anh song ngữ #shorts #hoctienganh #tienganh
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C13
124 משפטים
The Logistics of Living in Antarctica
American AccentIELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B25
59 משפטים
Speaking P3 audio 1
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepDaily Conversation
C17
230 משפטים
Why a Language Map of the World is Impossible
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
46 משפטים
Việt Nam’s efforts to avoid the low fertility trap| Vietnam Today
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
86 משפטים
Why China's population is shrinking
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
284 משפטים
Is Chongqing REALLY a Cyberpunk City?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C18
113 משפטים
The Hardest Test in China
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepHigh School Students
B214
33 משפטים
Why Do India And China Have So Many People?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
59 משפטים
Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 2 Passage 2
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה C1 מבוסס על הסרטון “China’s Fluctuating Population Explained”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: population, China, rate, mile, square. בסרטון הזה יש 47 משפטים ו-830 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 7:07. הדובר שומר על קצב יציב של כ-117 מילים בדקה, קצב נוח לתרגול Shadowing. 82% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| fertility שם עצם | /fɝˈtɪləti/ | פּוֹרִיּוּת |
| mortality שם עצם | /mɔɹˈtælɪti/ | תְּמוּתָה |
| expectancy שם עצם | /ɪkˈspɛktənsi/ | תּוֹחֶלֶת |
| infant שם עצם | /ˈɪn.fənt/ | עוֹלָל, תִּינוֹק |
| consequence שם עצם | /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/ | תּוֹצָאָה, הַשְׁלָכָה |
| commune שם עצם | /ˈkɑmjuːn/ | קבוצה \ קְבוּצָה, קיבוץ \ קִבּוּץ |
| inhabitant שם עצם | /ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/ | תושב \ תּוֹשָׁב, תּוֹשֶׁבֶת \ תושבת |
| sparse שם תואר | /spɑːɹs/ | דליל |
| famine שם עצם | /ˈfæm.ɪn/ | רָעָב |
| comprise פועל | /kəmˈpɹaɪz/ | כלל |
| millennium שם עצם | /mɪˈlɛnɪəm/ | מִילֶניוּם |
| narrator שם עצם | /ˈnæˌɹeɪ.təɹ/ | קַרְיָן |
| plague שם עצם | /plɛɡ/ | דֶּבֶר |
| fraction שם עצם | /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/ | חלק |
| immigrant שם עצם | /ˈɪmɪɡɹənt/ | מְהַגֵּר, מְהַגֶּרֶת |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | משמעות |
|---|---|
| give up פועל | וִתֵּר |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | was only founded · was established · could be considered |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | citizens which was · growth, which was · Those who had |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, shanghai /ˈʃæŋ.haɪ/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: fertility /fɝˈtɪləti/, mortality /mɔɹˈtælɪti/, expectancy /ɪkˈspɛktənsi/, agrarian /əˈɡɹɛ(ə)ɹi.ən/, allowable /əˈlaʊ.əbəl/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: consequence /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/, inward /ˈɪnwəd/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: mortality /mɔɹˈtælɪti/, inhabitant /ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/, lifespan /ˈlaɪf.spæn/, catastrophic /ˌkætəˈstɹɑfɪk/, famine /ˈfæm.ɪn/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: mortality /mɔɹˈtælɪti/, agrarian /əˈɡɹɛ(ə)ɹi.ən/, emigrate /ˈɛmɪɡɹeɪt/, industrialize /ɪnˈdʌstɹiəlaɪz/, outstrip /ˌaʊtˈstɹɪp/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט במהירות רגילה, וחזרו על כל משפט עד שהקצב שלכם תואם את הדובר.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו fertility, mortality, expectancy.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.