Shadowing Practice: Git Explained in 100 Seconds - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Git, a system for keeping track of changes that happen across a set of files.

Open a directory on your local system with an editor like VS Code.

Then run git init from the command line.

You just created a git repository or repo.

It lives in this hidden git directory and keeps track of all the changes that happen to these files.

As you work on a codebase, you take snapshots or commits of the current state of these files.

Every commit has a unique ID and is linked to its parent, and this means we can travel back in time to a previous version of our files.

Notice how our source control icon is lit up.

Currently, all of our files are untracked because we need to add them to the repo.

Run git add to include or stage these files in the repo, then create a snapshot of their current state by running git

commit along with a message about what you did to these files.

Congratulations, you just created the first commit on the head of the master branch in this repo.

The changed files disappeared and you're now on a clean working directory.

The head represents the most recent commit.

If we make some changes, commit them to the repo, the head moves forward, but we still have a reference to our previous commit

so we can can always go back to it.

But the thing about software is that it's developed in a non-linear fashion.

You might have multiple teams working on different features for the same codebase simultaneously.

Git makes that possible by branching.

Create one by running git branch, and then run git checkout to move into that branch.

You can now safely work on your feature in this branch without affecting the code or files in the master branch.

The commits you make here live in an alternate universe with its own unique history.

At some point though, you'll likely want to merge this history with the history in the master branch.

When When you're ready, go back to the master branch by running git checkout, then run git merge on your alternate universe.

The tip of your feature branch now becomes the head of the master branch, or in other words, our fragmented universe has become one.

Unless you ran into a merge conflict, in which case you'll just have to wait for the sequel.

This has been Git Explained in 100 seconds.

If you want to see more short videos like this, make sure to hit the like button, subscribe, and let me know what you think in the comments.

Thanks for watching, and I'll see you in the next one.

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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson

This B2 speaking lesson is built on the video “Git Explained in 100 Seconds”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: git, files, branch, commit, repo. This video has 29 sentences and 452 words to shadow. The speech runs for 1:53. The speaker talks fast, about 240 words per minute, so expect linked and reduced sounds. 83% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English; the rest is worth studying before you start.

Key vocabulary in this video

The 15 most advanced words in the video, with pronunciation and meaning:

Word	Pronunciation	Meaning
repossession noun		The condition of being repossessed.
merge verb	/mɝd͡ʒ/	To combine into a whole.
directory noun	/dɪˈɹɛktəɹi/	A list of names, addresses etc, of specific classes of people or organizations, often in alphabetical order or in some classification.
codebase noun		The body of source code used to create a particular computer program or software component.
snapshot noun	/ˈsnæpʃɒt/	A photograph, especially one taken quickly or in a sudden moment of opportunity.
checkout noun	/ˈt͡ʃɛkˌaʊt/	The process of checking out of a hotel, or the latest time to vacate a room in one.
alternate adjective	/ˈɔl.tɚ.nət/	Happening by turns; one following the other in succession of time or place; first one and then the other (repeatedly).
initialize verb	/ɪˈnɪʃəlaɪz/	To assign initial values to something.
repository noun	/ɹɪˈpɒz.ɪ.t(ə.)ɹɪ/	A location for storage, often for safety or preservation.
untracked adjective		Not tracked.
fragment noun	/ˈfɹæɡmənt/	A part broken off; a small, detached portion; an imperfect part, either physically or not.
sequel noun	/ˈsiːkwəl/	A narrative that is written after another narrative set in the same universe, especially a narrative that is chronologically set after its predecessors, or…
subscribe verb	/səbˈskɹaɪb/	To write (one’s name) at the bottom of a document; to sign (one's name).
disappear verb	/dɪsəˈpɪɹ/	To vanish.
linear adjective	/ˈlɪn.i.əɹ/	Having the form of a line; straight or roughly straight; following a direct course.

Phrasal verbs you will hear

Word	Meaning
go back to verb	To stem from; to originate in.
move forward verb	To cause to make progress.

דקדוק בסרטון הזה

המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:

מבנה	בסרטון
סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה	is linked · is lit · are untracked
הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו	has become · has been

Pronunciation to watch

The speaker uses 5 contractions and reduced forms, such as you'll, you're, I'll. Say them the short way, as you hear them.

The “sh” and “zh” sounds: snapshot /ˈsnæpʃɒt/, initialize /ɪˈnɪʃəlaɪz/
Long words — get the stress right: directory /dɪˈɹɛktəɹi/, initialize /ɪˈnɪʃəlaɪz/, repository /ɹɪˈpɒz.ɪ.t(ə.)ɹɪ/, simultaneously /ˌsaɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli/

How to practise with this video

Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
Start at 0.75× speed, shadow it sentence by sentence, then go back to normal speed once it feels easy.
Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like repossession, merge, directory.

מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?

שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.

טכניקת Shadowing: קרא את המדריך המלא שלב אחר שלב →

Shadowing Practice: Git Explained in 100 Seconds - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson

Key vocabulary in this video

Phrasal verbs you will hear

דקדוק בסרטון הזה

Pronunciation to watch

How to practise with this video

מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?