Shadowing Practice: God is a Delusion | Oxford Union Speech - Alex O'Connor - Learn English Speaking with Video
בחר מצב תרגול
כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.
122 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
1
Madame President, it's good to see you again.
2
Deesra and I met about a month or so ago on a boat by sheer coincidence on the River Thames somewhere,
3
and I was told that there was an upcoming debate at this union
4
that Michael Shermer had pulled out of that was on, essentially, the existence of God or whether it was a delusion and that they were in need of a replacement speaker.
5
Now, I won't go as far, especially given the circumstances, is to call this providence.
6
However, it does leave you with a slight sense
7
that there might have been more than chance at play in bringing me to this chamber tonight.
8
But it is exactly that kind of thinking, the seeking of agency and design, where there is, in fact, none, that I've traveled here in an attempt to dispel.
9
We've heard a lot about arguments.
10
But as a psychological phenomenon, I wonder how relevant these really are to God's belief.
11
That is, when you hear somebody recounting a conversion story, how often does it really begin with premise one you're more likely to hear a narrative
12
or a story some kind of account of an experience indeed
13
the most high profile conversion perhaps of this millennium happened just a few weeks ago
14
when the fifth horsewoman of new atheism iyan hersey ali announced in a long
15
and celebrated essay that she had embraced christianity
16
i was far from the first reviewer to notice something rather peculiar about this publication That is,
17
its somewhat conspicuous lack of arguments for the existence of God or for the truth of Christianity.
18
Instead, she devoted the entire thing to talking about culture.
19
She talked about the looming threats of Russia and China, of global Islamism, of wokeism.
20
I think that an essay which mentions Osama bin Laden, Vladimir Putin, and indeed Professor Richard Dawkins,
21
exactly as many times as it mentions Jesus Christ might tell us
22
that we're looking at a conversion
23
that is at best insensitive to the truth claims of religious belief and instead an attempt to escape or a result,
24
I should say, of a desire to escape certain unfortunate social realities.
25
That is where God appeared in a dream to Joseph or to Zachariah.
26
It seems that the president of Russia appeared in a nightmare to Ayaan Hirsi Ali, and also endowed her with a skill that I'm unable of,
27
which is to adopt a belief simply because of its political or existential convenience.
28
And again, perhaps my desire for my philosophical convictions to be, you know, true is just too high a margin to demand.
29
What I really want to ask is whether this should be any kind of surprise, this approach, I mean.
30
There is some recognition, even amongst the religious, that this is at least in part what religion does, what religion is.
31
It provides some kind of unifying ethic to suppress the more depraved elements of our human nature.
32
Evelyn Waugh was once asked how he reconciled his private hedonism and gluttony.
33
He was accused of being rude and self -indulgent, how he reconciles this with his professed Christianity.
34
He accepted the charge and simply said, can you imagine how much worse I would be if I wasn't a Catholic.
35
Fair enough.
36
I think that I'm far from the first to suggest that religion is,
37
in essence, nothing more than a mimetic entity that serves some kind of social purpose like this.
38
That's what it's for, but isn't actually true.
39
And I'm glad to hear that at least one member of the opposition this evening seems to agree with me.
40
I'm not sure if you'll see it that way too, ladies and gentlemen.
41
But I won't say that I know this is the case, of course, I can't do so.
42
I will simply ask a question of you.
43
What would you expect to see if God existed?
44
And all of this was being supervised.
45
What would you expect the world to look like?
46
How would you expect life to have evolved?
47
And if we assume the alternative hypothesis, that is atheism, materialism, that is
48
that the world we find ourselves in is just an amoral
49
arena of accidentally existing organisms competing in an endless struggle for survival, what would we expect to find?
50
And what do we find?
51
A system of natural selection which explains the origin of species on planet Earth
52
that does not just cause or bring about but relies upon suffering and death.
53
Survival of the fittest is the same thing as the death and destruction of the unfit.
54
99 % plus of all of the species, species, let alone animals, that have ever inhabited this planet have been brutally wiped from existence.
55
And for what? for our development, it seems that unimaginable, indescribable,
56
and seemingly inexplicable suffering is embedded into the very mechanism by which I'm told God decided to create human beings.
57
I'm not saying this can't be explained on theism.
58
Of course I can't say that.
59
You could say that this is all part of some grand plan of Jobian proportion in its unintelligibility.
60
Maybe there's some kind of compensation in the afterlife.
61
Maybe dogs do go to heaven after all, sure.
62
I'm just asking you what you would actually expect to be the case.
63
I think that we wouldn't expect to see anything like what I've just described
64
if we assume that there is a benevolent invigilator overseeing the process.
65
However, if we assume atheism, not only do we come to explain this phenomenon, but in my view, we also come to expect it.
66
If I'm wrong, however, if the truth of theism is indeed as plain
67
and graspable as many on the opposition would doubtless like to suggest this evening, then I must ask why religious belief has traditionally, if not essentially delusional in essence,
68
relied so heavily on, if you like, non -rational modes of convincing.
69
A sign as sure as they come of delusional belief is an inability to muster
70
and a resistance against rational defense of that belief, especially in the face of challenge and most evidence when the threat
71
or enforcement indeed of suppression or physical violence is substituted in its place
72
that is the place of rational argument
73
and this hardly needs explication just 600 feet from the door
74
of this chamber there's an easily missable cross on the floor of Broad Street
75
which marks the spot where three bishops of the Church of
76
England were burned at the stake not even for being the wrong religion
77
but so close the wrong denomination the wrong interpretation of the words doctrinal disputes like this have a long
78
and violent history within the religious tradition
79
and I think it's worth asking why that's the case oh you think
80
that the Sun you think that the Sun proceeds from the father alone not the father
81
and the Holy Spirit oh you're about to find out as
82
you meet your maker wherever religious authorities have had the political power to do
83
so I would say
84
and found the threat of otherworldly hell fire to have somewhat lost its efficacy on certain people then it provides
85
or they provide shall we say a corporeal simulacrum of this
86
bringing the flames into our own veil of tears providing a
87
very worldly inferno to ready the heretic for the inferno that's
88
to come in Hades reducing heretics to literal ashes in the
89
full view of anybody else who might have the temerity to question or to challenge the authority and compassion of the church.
90
Why might a religious tradition, which I'm told is balanced upon reason and provability, evolve such a knee -jerk mortal resistance to freedom of thought?
91
Of course, in our modern age, where the state is no longer the principal auxiliary of religious violence, I of course understand that that's the case.
92
This is something that happened hundreds of years ago.
93
Now that That ignoble mantle is taken up instead by individual religious fanatics who cannot
94
and will not be deterred by the morality of their fellow creatures
95
or indeed by the laws of their country
96
because there is no legislation written by any person of any time
97
that could even count one iota against the dictates of the supernatural creator of the universe.
98
Access to whose precise and exacting will is of course only a delusion when it's somebody else's God, when it's the wrong God.
99
If that's not the case, then not only is this belief in God and access to his will not delusionary, but now, I'm told, is actually a prerequisite for reason,
100
for science, for morality, all of the noble pursuits that humanity entertains.
101
This despite the fact
102
that most of the important developments historically in all of these
103
areas have regularly been made by dissidents who subverted the clerical authoritarianism of the very religious traditions
104
that now wish to claim these developments as their own.
105
Touch scandalous, I think you'll agree.
106
I hope you'll agree, I should say.
107
Again, I can simply ask you what best explains this psychological condition.
108
Might this suppressive and sensorial historical attitude, which seems essentially tied to the history of religious thought,
109
be compatible with the truth of religious claims? Of course.
110
Absolutely.
111
Is it better explained by an inability to provide serious and conclusive rational defenses of those beliefs?
112
Maybe.
113
Might this also explain the characteristic taboo on the criticism of people's religious belief
114
that survives with us in many ways to this day?
115
Perhaps also, I'm not sure.
116
Might this also explain why faith, as we've already heard, that is belief without evidence, reflect on that for a moment.
117
The one I'd also explain why this is proposed as a virtue
118
and indeed the foundation of belief in God blessed after all are those who believe without saying without seeing I don't know.
119
It's not really for someone like myself who strictly speaking is an agnostic.
120
It's not really for me to say
121
but I can only leave it with you and I suppose the remainder of the opposition.
122
Thank you.
הורד אפליקציה
כל מה שאתה צריך כדי לדבר בשטף
הגיית AIציון לכל משפט
תרגול IPAשלוט בכל צליל
אוצר מיליםבנה את מאגר המילים שלך
משחק אוצר מיליםלמד תוך כדי משחק
אותו ערוץ
C11
Every Argument For Atheism
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
Why the Monarchy Should Have Died With the Queen
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
This is Why I Don't Believe in God
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B2Is Trump Using Christianity For His Own Benefit? - Rhett McLaughlin
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
FOR YOU
המלץ על סרטון
C12
98 משפטים
Dr Maszlee Malik argues Islam is like democracy: it is not perfect - but they are compatible 6/8
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
207 משפטים
Katie Hopkins | We Should NOT Support No Platforming (6/8) | Oxford Union
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C16
128 משפטים
【世界情勢理解】2024年ハーバード大学首席の卒業式スピーチ『知らないことの力』【英語スピーチ】 リスニング 日本語字幕 世界情勢理解
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C110
221 משפטים
ENGLISH SPEECH | AKASH BANERJEE: India’s Path (English Subtitles)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
625 משפטים
Richard Dawkins vs. Mehdi Hasan
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1527
14 משפטים
Tanya’s opinion on humans
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
183 משפטים
Will the Good of the Other – Bishop Barron's Sunday Sermon
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C15
29 משפטים
NT Wright on Jordan Peterson: "I have never met him, but..."
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
18 משפטים
249. 世の中に存在する「2種類の愚か者」ON English｜言葉と物語
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C14
13 משפטים
When Pleasure Becomes Your God - Jordan Peterson
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
92 משפטים
Russell Crowe Faces the Vatican’s Dark Side | THE POPE'S EXORCIST
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה C1 מבוסס על הסרטון “God is a Delusion”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: religious, belief, expect. בסרטון הזה יש 122 משפטים ו-1688 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 9:46. הדובר מדבר בקצב טבעי של כ-173 מילים בדקה, קרוב לשיחה יומיומית. רק 80% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית, כך שאוצר המילים מאתגר.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| atheism שם עצם | /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪ.zəm/ | אַתֶּאִיְזם |
| delusion שם עצם | /dɪˈl(j)uːʒ(ə)n/ | הטעיה, אשליה |
| heretic שם עצם | /ˈhɛɹɪtɪk/ | כּוֹפֵר, כּוֹפֶרֶת |
| inferno שם עצם | /ɪnˈfɝnoʊ/ | תֹּפֶת |
| essence שם עצם | /ˈɛsəns/ | מַהוּת |
| authoritarianism שם עצם | /ɔˌθɔːɹɪˈtɛːɹiən.ɪzm̩/ | סַמְכוּתָנוּת |
| conspicuous שם תואר | /kənˈspɪk.ju.əs/ | בולט |
| dispel פועל | [dɪˈspɛɫ] | הֵפִיג, פִּזֵּר |
| dissident שם עצם | /ˈdɪsɪdənt/ | דִיסִידֶנְט |
| existential שם תואר | /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/ | קיומי |
| hedonism שם עצם | /ˈhiːdənɪzəm/ | הֶדוֹנִיזְם |
| worldly שם תואר | /ˈwɜː(ɹ)ldli/ | גשמי, חילוני |
| devote פועל | /dɪˈvəʊt/ | הקדיש |
| dictate פועל | /ˈdɪkˌteɪt/ | הכתיב |
| organism שם עצם | /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ | אוֹרְגָּנִיזְם, יְצוּר |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- We've heard a lot about arguments.
- What would you expect the world to look like?
- How would you expect life to have evolved?
- I'm not saying this can't be explained on theism.
- Of course I can't say that.
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | was told · was accused · being supervised |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | I've traveled · We've heard · have ever inhabited |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-31 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו I'm, can't, you'll. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: atheism /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪ.zəm/, theism /ˈθiː.ɪz.əm/, authoritarianism /ɔˌθɔːɹɪˈtɛːɹiən.ɪzm̩/, otherworldly /ˌʌðəɹˈwɜɹl(d)li/, ethic /ˈɛθ.ɪk/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, delusion /dɪˈl(j)uːʒ(ə)n/, delusional /dɪˈluːʒənəl/, denomination /dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/, existential /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: atheism /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪ.zəm/, delusional /dɪˈluːʒənəl/, morality /məˈɹælɪti/, inability /ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti/, authoritarianism /ɔˌθɔːɹɪˈtɛːɹiən.ɪzm̩/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: otherworldly /ˌʌðəɹˈwɜɹl(d)li/, prerequisite /pɹiˈɹɛkwəzət/, worldly /ˈwɜː(ɹ)ldli/, wipe /waɪp/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, morality /məˈɹælɪti/, afterlife /ˈæftɚˌlaɪf/, fanatic /fəˈnæt.ɪk/, scandalous /ˈskændələs/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/, heretic /ˈhɛɹɪtɪk/, reconcile /ˈɹɛkənsaɪl/, morality /məˈɹælɪti/, amoral /eɪˈmɔɹ.əl/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו atheism, delusion, heretic.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.