Shadowing Practice: Planning & Organization: Crash Course Study Skills #4 - Learn English Speaking with Video
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121 משפטים
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Hi, I'm Thomas Frank, this is Crash Course Study Skills, and today, you're going through planning and organization boot camp.
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As a student, you have two modes, which I like to call planning mode and robot mode.
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When you buckle down and study for a test, or finish a homework assignment, or slog your way through a textbook chapter, you're in robot mode.
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You're doing the work.
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But, robots can only do what they're programmed to do, and they need a well -maintained environment to work in.
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I've seen videos of those robots in car factories.
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They're not working with dirty laundry or cheeseburger wrappers lying around.
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Those places are pretty clean.
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So, if you want your robot mode to work efficiently, you need to know how to program it, and how to create a good environment for it to work in.
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To get started, you're going to need an organizational system.
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This is the framework for storing all the information and resources that we'll need, and also for capturing ideas.
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An idea is my personal term for any intangible information that you need to save and have easy access to later on.
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This can include tasks, events, and actual, you know, ideas.
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Things you want to write, create, anything like that.
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Additionally, you'll need a reliable way to store notes, handouts, and any other output you create, be it writing, code, art, or cheeseburger wrapper origami.
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So let's get down to business, defeat the Huns, and create that system.
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In my mind, any good organizational system worth its salt includes a task manager, a calendar, a note -taking system, and some kind of physical storage for paper documents.
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Your task manager is the place where you record the stuff that you need to get done.
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It's what you look at when you get that sudden burst of motivation to do all the things, and then you wonder what all the things actually includes.
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You'll find a zillion different types of task managers out there, but there are only a few really essential features.
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Pick a system that makes it easy to record tasks' details and due date, and also make sure it's a snap to see what's coming due in the near future.
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The task manager that I personally use these days is called Todoist, and it ticks all those boxes, but there are lots of other options, including Trello, Microsoft To Do, and AnyDo.
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And if paper systems are more your speed, the classic day planner works just as well, as do more recent systems like the bullet journal method.
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In addition to tasks, you'll also need to remember upcoming events, and that's what your calendar is for.
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Now, if you're using an old -fashioned paper planner, then your task manager and your calendar might be one and the same, but personally, I've always found that keeping the two separate works better for me.
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A calendar—in my case, Google Calendar, but it might be Apple's calendar app or something else for you—is best for events that will happen at a specific time.
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Well, a task manager better handles things that have due dates, but that you can work on whenever you want before then.
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Next, you need to figure out how to organize your notes.
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This is pretty simple for paper notes.
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You just use paper notebooks and have a separate section or entire notebook for each class.
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But for digital notes, you've got a lot of different options.
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Now, my app of choice has always been Evernote, but you can also take a look at Microsoft's OneNote, Apple's Notes, they're not always super imaginative naming over there in Cupertino, or even Google Docs.
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Lastly, make sure you've got some kind of physical storage for handouts, loose papers, and notebooks that you filled up.
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Keeping one of those portable accordion folders in your bag works well when you're away from home, and it combos well with a file box for longer -term storage.
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Now, once you've got your system all cobbled together, the next step is to develop a scheme for keeping it all organized.
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Now, sometimes a scheme is a plan for rounding up a bunch of small yellow minions and attempting to steal the moon, and I definitely don't want to discourage you from doing that,
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but in this context, it just means a set of rules and conventions that help you keep your system organized and useful.
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If you choose a good scheme and stick to its rules every time you file away a new task, or event, or handout, then the system will remain useful,
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and you won't find yourself digging through your laundry basket at 3am looking for that essay you wrote on Hamlet.
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Let's go to the Thought Bubble.
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Your computer's file structure is a great place to start, since so many people seem content to just let everything sit out on their desktop.
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This is a pretty bad scheme to use, because you're eventually going to lose something.
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Plus, all those files will be covering up that Hatsune Miku desktop background that I know you have.
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So a better long -term solution is to create a folder structure that's well -defined, yet flexible.
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My recommendation is to set up your computer's folders like a tree with lots of branches.
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The top -level folder is the root of the tree, and that's where the scheme starts.
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So in this case, that folder will be called College.
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From there, try to create branches that represent the different aspects of that part of your life.
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And the first logical branch point in this situation is the year – freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior.
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Then, as we go further and hit even more specific branch points, choose a logical category for drilling down to the next level.
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And this changes depending on the type of information you're organizing.
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Like, here, organizing by class makes sense.
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We've got Sports Psychology, History of Rome, and Film Studies 101.
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And finally, add subfolders for big group projects.
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If you're constantly vigilant about saving your work in the correct folder, then this structure will ensure that it's always easy to find what you're looking for.
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You just go down the branches that lead to it.
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Thanks Thought Bubble!
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You can use a similar structure with your digital notes as well.
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This is why I like using Evernote so much.
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Since everything is organized into notebooks, and notebooks themselves can be put into stacks, I can create a scheme that organizes my entire life.
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For instance, I've got a notebook stack for classes.
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Within it, every class I've ever taken gets its own notebook, and within those notebooks, I can create notes for individual lectures, reading assignments, and other things.
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With your calendar, color -code events so that you can see which part of your life they represent, like classes, extracurricular activities, and part -time job hours.
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And if you use a paper planner, you can do this by using colored stickers or markers as well.
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Lastly, create projects within your task manager for grouping similar tasks together.
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If you're a student, the most logical way to do this is to create a project for each class, as well as additional projects for anything else you've got going on.
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Now that you've chosen your tools and you have a system set up, you need to make sure you'll actually use it, since putting things into your system properly takes work.
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If your teacher assigns something in class, you eventually need to open your task manager and record all the details correctly.
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And that takes more effort than simply tossing a handout into your backpack or telling yourself, eh, I'm sure I'll remember it.
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But if you don't do it, your system will start to get unorganized and incomplete, which means your brain can't rely on it anymore.
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So you need to build the habit of using your system correctly all the time, even though it takes effort.
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One of the best ways to do that is to remove as much friction as you possibly can from the process.
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This is an idea I like to call quick capture, figuring out the quickest, easiest way to file things into your system without compromising its structure.
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There are two main ways to go about practicing quick capture.
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The first is to commit to entering things into the correct place the moment they come up.
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For instance, if your teacher assigns homework in class, you'd immediately open your task manager and record all the details.
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If you do choose to go this route, you can streamline things considerably by choosing apps and tools that simplify the recording process.
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A good example is Google Calendar's iPhone app, which lets you set the date, time, and location of event just by typing them into the event's title.
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That's a lot quicker than tapping on each individual field.
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It also means eliminating any unnecessary features from your system.
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While it might be cool that your to -do app can add priority levels to each task, you probably don't need them, and they just add more friction to the process.
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The second option here is to use a daily note, which is a simple piece of notebook paper or a note that's quickly accessible on your phone, where you record everything that comes up during the day.
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This is a temporary holding place.
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At the end of each day, you need to move everything you've recorded to the correct place within your system.
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Alright, so now we are ready to finally dig into the details of planning.
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Now, I like to view planning in two separate contexts – weekly and daily.
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The main purpose of your weekly planning session is to look at everything that's coming due during the upcoming week, as well as the following one.
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I recommend doing this on Sunday.
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That way, you'll be aware of everything that's coming up, and you'll have a rough idea of when you'll be able to work on it based on what's already in your calendar.
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However, there is also some long -term planning that should be done here.
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First, if you've got an exam coming up in the next month, it's a good idea to look over everything that will be covered, and then to schedule study sessions over the upcoming weeks to ensure that you don't find yourself cramming right before it.
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If you've just been assigned a big project, you can similarly break that project down into small chunks and assign due dates to those chunks.
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Think about other big events that might be coming up in your life as well.
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Maybe there's a scholarship deadline coming up or a birthday you want to remember.
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However, if something comes to mind, add it to your system so you won't forget it.
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In addition to planning out your week, you should also take a few minutes each day to create a daily plan.
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This is simply a list of the events you've got planned and the tasks you want to accomplish.
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You can do this in the morning before you start school, or you can do it the night before you go to bed, which is what I prefer to do.
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As you create it, try to batch your tasks.
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If you have a bunch of easy, low -energy tasks or errands that require travel, plan ahead and combine them into one big maintenance session.
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Doing this will help you get them all done in a short, compact block of time, which in and in turn, frees up lots of uninterrupted time that you can dedicate to your really challenging work.
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Finally, to keep your system running smoothly, choose one day per week to do a review session.
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And if you want to be extra efficient, you can just combine this with your weekly planning session in order to get it all done in one fell swoop.
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During this review session, you'll do a couple of different things.
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First, look over your plans and reflect on the past week.
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Compare what you planned to do with what you actually got done, and if there's a gap between the two, try to figure out what caused it.
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Doing this can also help you to pinpoint things that are hurting your productivity.
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Maybe you're distracted a lot, or maybe you simply plan to do too much.
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After that, go through your task manager and calendar.
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If there are any tasks or events that need changes, make them.
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This prevents what I like to call entropy, which is a term in thermodynamics that generally refers to how everything in the universe tends to move toward disorder and chaos.
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And this is exactly what organizational systems tend to do as well, but by regularly bringing them back to order on a weekly basis, you can keep things from getting too chaotic.
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So now that you've got your system built and your planning habits in place, you're well -equipped to tackle all the work your classes are going to throw at you in the most effective way possible.
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Additionally, you can rest assured knowing that nothing will slip your mind
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or fall through the cracks as long as you keep those habits up.
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That's all for now, so thanks for watching, and I'll see you next time.
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Crash Course Study Skills is done in the Dr. Cheryl C.
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Kinney Crash Course Studio in Missoula, Montana, and it's made with the help of all of these nice people.
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If you'd like to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever, you can support the series over at Patreon, which is a crowdfunding platform that allows you to support the content you love.
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Thanks so much for your support.
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Thank you.
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “Planning & Organization: Crash Course Study Skills”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: task, create, manager, note, notebook. בסרטון הזה יש 121 משפטים ו-2306 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 9:18. הדובר מדבר מהר, כ-248 מילים בדקה, אז צפו לצלילים מחוברים ומקוצרים. 86% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| notebook שם עצם | /ˈnoʊtˌbʊk/ | מַחְבֶּרֶת, דִּפְתָּר |
| organize פועל | /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/ | ארגן |
| folder שם עצם | /ˈfoʊldɚ/ | תִּיקִיָּה |
| cheeseburger שם עצם | /ˈtʃizˌbɝ.ɡɚ/ | צ׳יזבורגר |
| stack שם עצם | /stæk/ | ערמה |
| laundry שם עצם | /ˈlɔːn.dɹi/ | כְּבִיסָה |
| homework שם עצם | /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/ | עבודת בית, שיעורי בית |
| combine פועל | /kəmˈbaɪn/ | ערבב, שילב |
| accordion שם עצם | /əˈkoɹ.di.ən/ | אָקּוֹרְדִּיּוֹן |
| errand שם עצם | /ˈɛɹənd/ | שְׁלִיחוּת |
| minion שם עצם | /ˈmɪnjən/ | מְשָׁרֵת |
| origami שם עצם | /ˌoɹəˈɡɑmi/ | אוֹרִיגָמִי |
| subfolder שם עצם | תיקיית משנה | |
| thermodynamics שם עצם | /ˌθɜː(ɹ)moʊdaɪˈnæmɪks/ | תֶּרְמוֹדִינָמִיקָה |
| buckle שם עצם | /ˈbʌkəl/ | אבזם |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | משמעות |
|---|---|
| figure out פועל | הֵבִין, מצא תשובה |
| go down פועל | ירד |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | I've seen · I've always found · has always been |
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | is called · will be called · is organized |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | incomplete, which means · note, which is · bed, which is |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-53 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו you're, you've, you'll. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: thermodynamics /ˌθɜː(ɹ)moʊdaɪˈnæmɪks/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: organizational /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənɪˈzeɪʃənəl/, friction /ˈfɹɪkʃən/, freshman /ˈfɹɛʃ.mən/, accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/, assure /əˈʃʊɹ/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: organizational /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənɪˈzeɪʃənəl/, accordion /əˈkoɹ.di.ən/, extracurricular /ˌɛkstɹəkəˈɹɪkjʊlə(ɹ)/, imaginative /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnətɪv/, intangible /ɪnˈtæn.d͡ʒə.bəl/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: homework /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/, equip /ɪˈkwɪp/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: handout /ˈhændˌaʊt/, planner /ˈplænɚ/, wrapper /ˈɹæpɚ/, lastly /ˈlæstli/, stack /stæk/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/, organizational /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənɪˈzeɪʃənəl/, wrapper /ˈɹæpɚ/, friction /ˈfɹɪkʃən/, laundry /ˈlɔːn.dɹi/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- התחילו במהירות 0.75×, תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט, וחזרו למהירות רגילה כשזה מרגיש קל.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו notebook, organize, folder.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.