Shadowing Practice: Ray Dalio: Long Island University Commencement Speech - Learn English Speaking with Video
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165 משפטים
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Please join us in welcoming Dr. Ray Dalio.
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The President: Thank you, President Klein.
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Thank you, Dean Bates.
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Uh...
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Dean Pallaro.
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Congratulations to the class of 2026.
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Congratulations also to all the parents, the grandparents, the brothers, the sisters, and all of the family and friends who have been with the graduates.
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through their journeys.
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There is nothing more valuable than meaningful relationships.
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Please give each other an enthusiastic round of applause.
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I'm thrilled to be your commencement speaker because It's an opportunity for me to tell you, who I view as myself,
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55 years ago, what I've learned in the 55 years since I've graduated from LIU that, you know, hopefully will be of some help to you.
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While I remember being where you are when I was 21 years old, graduating in 1971 from what was then called CW Post College,
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I don't remember who the commencement speaker was or what he said, and I suspect that you won't remember that later in your lives,
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but all I remember was nursing a hangover from celebrating the hard night before
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and being elated at graduating and reflecting on how hugely LIU had an impact on my life in improving my life.
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You see, I got into LIU on probation because I was a lousy high school student with a rebellious nature.
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I remember hating high school because it seemed to me
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that most of my education consisted of teachers forcing me to memorize what they wanted me to remember, which included a lot of useless stuff,
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and it didn't help that I had a very bad rote memory.
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At the same time, I love playing markets.
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which is where my attentions went.
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I got hooked on playing markets when I was 12, while working as a caddy at the Lynx Golf Club, which was not far from here.
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The stock market was hot.
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and the people I caddied for would walk around with me, and we would talk about stocks.
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So I took the money that I earned and I put it in the stock market.
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The first stock I bought was the only stock I heard of that was selling for less than $5 a share.
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I thought I could buy more shares so that if they went up, I'd make more money, which was a dumb strategy.
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The company that I bought was about to go bankrupt.
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But I got lucky.
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Another company acquired it, it tripled in value, I bought, I thought this game is easy,
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and I became hooked on playing this investment game at 12. So on...
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At the time when I came here, I hated school.
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and I loved playing markets until I got into post.
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I loved being here because I could take classes that interested me and engage me in quality thinking.
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And I did well, and so I went on to Harvard Business School, which was another eye -opening learning experience.
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When I was 19 and a sophomore here, I learned something that I found even more powerful than my formal education.
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The Beatles went to India to learn to meditate, and they raved about it, so I learned to meditate which has been invaluable to me.
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Meditation gives you an equanimity, aligns your self -subconscious with your conscious mind, and it is also restful and healthy.
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It also gives you a sense of spirituality, what I mean by a sense of spirituality as connection to the whole.
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You have a sense of connection of where you are within the context of the whole.
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So as a graduation gift to those of you who want it, I'm going to give you lessons in transcendental meditation.
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It is the most valuable gift that I can give anyone.
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Over my 55 years since graduating,
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I've learned a lot about how life works and how to deal with it in order to be successful,
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including what being successful really is.
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I learned that life is a journey of discovery.
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in which the goal is to understand your own nature and find the right path to suit you.
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That There is nothing more important than having good principles to guide you.
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By principles, I mean ways of handling certain situations.
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Over my lifetime, I've accumulated hundreds of principles, which is far too many to cover in this 15 minutes that I have with you.
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So I'm giving you also my book, Principles, Life and Work, which I hope will help you find the right principles for you.
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and to get what you want out of life.
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You can find it below your seat along with the card to sign up for the meditation.
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I think I'm going to put this down and not struggle with it.
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So it seems to me that you are about to travel along a similar life path a similar arc in life,
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to the one I've traveled on and most people travel on, experiencing the same phases, and having many of the same encounters I had,
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so I want to tell you what to expect and give you some tips.
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Looking back on my and others' lives, I came to see that life unfolds in three big phases.
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that are very different from each other.
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In the first phase, You are learning and you're dependent on others.
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In the second phase, you are working, and others are dependent on you.
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And in the third phase, which is the phase where I am, you are free from obligations and able to pass along what you've learned.
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The second phase, which you are about to enter, is more opposite than similar to the first.
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Rather than being in an education program and having instructors, you will guide yourself to achieve your goals,
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and you will encounter thrilling opportunities and painful setbacks, which if you reflect on well,
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will teach you what you want, what you're like, and how to be successful.
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You will learn that thinking for yourself, making painful mistakes and learning from them,
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And knowing how to deal with what you don't know is what is most valuable.
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In the early part of this second phase, which will be about your next 10 years,
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the most important thing for you is to experiment and reflect well so that you discover your nature and what is
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the path that is best for you.
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When entering this phase two, you are almost certainly making the mistake of thinking you know more than you actually know,
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especially if you got good grades in school.
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You don't yet have a clue about what life is really like, and you don't yet know what being successful really means for you,
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let alone what to go after and how to get it.
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You couldn't possibly know these things because you haven't yet experienced or thought about what you will encounter.
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In the first phase, your teachers and parents typically led you to believe that success is a matter of learning, what you were taught and not making mistakes.
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and you were taught to take pride in what you know.
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That probably made you a bit arrogant, like I was a bit arrogant when I graduated from here.
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Thank you but it is living life and encountering your realities that will teach you The question is,
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will you learn well?
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My nature and encounters with realities led me to become a professional investor, which led me to start an investment firm out of my two -bedroom apartment.
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While I ran it for 50 years, built it into the largest hedge fund in the world, and then passed it along to the next generation,
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which many people consider a great success story, I know that it was learning from my painful mistakes that made me successful.
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For example, When I was 34 years old and had run Bridgewater for eight years, I calculated that American banks
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had lent much more money to emerging countries than those countries were going to be able to pay back,
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and that that would lead to a great debt crisis almost the largest since the Great Depression.
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And it was a very controversial view.
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But in August 1982, Mexico defaulted on its debt.
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and a number of other countries followed And we did have the greatest debt crisis since the Great Depression.
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Because I had anticipated that, I was asked to testify to Congress and appear on Wall Street Week which was the show at the time.
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I thought the stock market would fall a lot, But, I couldn't have been more wrong.
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The stock market and the economy went up rather than down.
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And I lost so much money for myself and my clients that I
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had to let almost everybody go and I was so broke
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that I had to borrow $4 ,000 from my dad to help pay for my family bills.
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It was one of the most painful experiences of my life, But it turned out to be one of the most valuable experiences of my life,
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because it gave me the humility I needed to balance with my audacity.
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Rather than thinking I'm right, I thought about how do I know I'm right, and how do I find that out?
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That led me to find the smartest people who would disagree with me to understand their perspectives and have them, my own perspectives, stress test.
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I would also, led me to understand diversification, how I could reduce my risk without reducing my returns.
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In other words, I learned from that.
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From that point on, my company,
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Bridgewater, did very well and I learned and it did well because What I learned,
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I never would have learned without that painful mistake.
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My life journey also led me to meet and marry a wonderful woman, who I've been married to for 48 years.
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It led me to have four children, which led me to have eight grandchildren, who are the joys of my life.
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Such is life.
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I believe that the most important decision in your life will be who you choose as your life partner.
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So that may be ahead, and that's an important decision.
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For me and for everyone, and will be true for you,
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There are lots of ups and downs along the way some unimaginably great and some unimaginably terrible.
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For example, I lost my son, which was worse than losing everything, including my life.
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What helped me through these challenges were two things: My meditation and my calmly reflecting on how reality works
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to get and write down the best principles for dealing with my realities.
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This habit changed my whole perspective on life.
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I began to see almost everything as another one of those.
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which happened to many people before in their own ways, and knowing that there's a better way to deal for each one one of those.
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One of my favorite principles that I learned through these sorts of experiences is pain plus reflection equals progress.
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I got in the habit of viewing pain as a signal that I have a problem.
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which I view as a puzzle TO SALVE that will give me a gem in the form of a great principle.
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I learned to value my painful experiences because they became my best learning experiences and led me to make my best advances.
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I found that this approach to learning from encounters with reality
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to be a much better way of succeeding in life than remembering what others were trying to teach me.
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Those experiences and making the most of them, especially the painful experiences, are your opportunities.
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Remember that you were born with a certain nature.
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and you are on your journey to understand it and find what suits you.
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Knowing your nature is always critically important to helping you understand what success is for you
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People have different views goals in life.
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So I can't tell you literally what is best for you.
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But I can tell you that success is not having a lot more money or status than you need, though most people think that that's what it is.
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And in fact, it can become an unhealthy obsession for a lot of people, so avoid that.
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Logically, having a lot more money than you need couldn't possibly be a source of great happiness compared with the alternatives.
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For example, It isn't more important than having the time and freedom to do what you most want to do.
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So what do I believe success is for most people?
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I believe that it is a matter of having meaningful work and meaningful relationships.
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I'll say that again, meaningful work and meaningful relationships.
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In other words, work and relationships that you are thrilled by.
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If you can make your work and your passion one and the same, and you could do it with people who you care about and care about you,
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you will have a happy, successful life.
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As you travel along on life's journey, You have a choice.
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of your approach to life.
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When life doesn't give you what you want, you can be angry or sad for yourself,
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or you can learn about how reality works and develop principles and that will work well to get you what you want.
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I urge you to own your life and take responsibility to make it great.
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Think about how reality works.
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Be radically open -minded to hear how you can be better and plan the moves to make
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in order to improve your life and make yourself a great life.
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And if you want to be really successful, recognize that you have to work damned hard at doing these things well.
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Excellence is worth it.
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That's just how life works.
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So the message that I want to leave you with today is that the most valuable thing
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you can have in the next phase of your life is not your diploma or even what you've learned thus far.
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It is your approach to life.
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If you take advantage of your experiences, good or painful, as opportunities to learn,
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you will find great principles that will help you deal with your realities well.
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In the process, you will discover your nature, and find excellent work and excellent relationships that will suit you.
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which will give you the best possible life.
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So, class of '26, congratulations.
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Now get out there and encounter your realities and your excellent sense of adventure.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Thank you, Dr. Dalio.
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה C1 מבוסס על הסרטון “Ray Dalio: Long Island University Commencement Speech”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: learned, phase, principle. בסרטון הזה יש 165 משפטים ו-2402 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 16:28. הדובר שומר על קצב יציב של כ-146 מילים בדקה, קצב נוח לתרגול Shadowing. 85% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית; כדאי ללמוד את השאר לפני שמתחילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| arrogant שם תואר | /ˈæɹəɡənt/ | יָהִיר, מִתְנַשֵּׁא |
| accumulate פועל | /əˈkjuːmjʊˌleɪt/ | צָבַר, אָגַר |
| audacity שם עצם | /ɔˈdæ.sɪ.ti/ | עזות מצח |
| grandchild שם עצם | /ˈɡɹændˌtʃaɪld/ | נֶכֶד, נֶכְדָּה |
| memorize פועל | /ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/ | שִׁנֵּן |
| hangover שם עצם | /ˈhæŋoʊ̯vɚ/ ~ /ˈhæŋɔʊ̯vɚ/ | חמרמורת, הנגאובר |
| humility שם עצם | /hjuːˈmɪlɪti/ | צְנִיעוּת, ענווה |
| bankrupt שם תואר | /ˈbæŋk.ɹəpt/ | פּוֹשֵׁט רֶגֶל |
| hedge שם עצם | /ˈhɛd͡ʒ/ | גָדֵר חַיָה |
| diploma שם עצם | /dɪˈploʊmə/ | דִּיפְּלוֹמָה |
| applause שם עצם | /əˈplɔːz/ | תְּשׁוּאוֹת |
| calculate פועל | /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/ | חישב \ חִשֵּׁב |
| emerge פועל | /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/ | צץ, התגלה |
| obsession שם עצם | /əbˈsɛʃən/ | אובססיה |
| puzzle שם עצם | /ˈpʌzəl/ | חִידָה |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | משמעות |
|---|---|
| go up פועל | עָלָה |
| write down פועל | רָשַׁם |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | friends who have · Club, which was · money, which was |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | have been · I've learned · has been |
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | was then called · being elated · were taught |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-31 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו I'm, I've, don't. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: thrill /θɹɪl/, unhealthy /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/, enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːzɪˈæstɪk/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, diversification /daɪˌvɜːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, subconscious /sʌbˈkɑn.ʃəs/, probation /ˌpɹoʊˈbeɪʃən/, obsession /əbˈsɛʃən/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: spirituality /ˌspɪɹ.ə.t͡ʃuˈæl.ə.tɪ/, accumulate /əˈkjuːmjʊˌleɪt/, audacity /ɔˈdæ.sɪ.ti/, diversification /daɪˌvɜːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/, equanimity /ˌɛkwəˈnɪmɪti/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: caddie /ˈkædi/, spirituality /ˌspɪɹ.ə.t͡ʃuˈæl.ə.tɪ/, arrogant /ˈæɹəɡənt/, audacity /ɔˈdæ.sɪ.ti/, grandchild /ˈɡɹændˌtʃaɪld/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: thrill /θɹɪl/, spirituality /ˌspɪɹ.ə.t͡ʃuˈæl.ə.tɪ/, arrogant /ˈæɹəɡənt/, grandchild /ˈɡɹændˌtʃaɪld/, grandparent /ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/
- עיצור קולי בסוף מילה — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ בלי להפוך אותם לאטומים: elated /ɪˈleɪtɪd/, grandchild /ˈɡɹændˌtʃaɪld/, memorize /ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/, unfold /ʌnˈfoʊld/, rave /ɹeɪv/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט במהירות רגילה, וחזרו על כל משפט עד שהקצב שלכם תואם את הדובר.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו arrogant, accumulate, audacity.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.