शैडोइंग अभ्यास: What Makes Extroverts Scientifically Happier than Introverts? - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
अभ्यास मोड चुनें
हर मोड पूरी स्क्रीन का अभ्यास कक्ष खोलता है।
115 वाक्य
यदि वाक्य बहुत छोटे या लंबे हों, तो समायोजित करने के लिए Edit पर क्लिक करें।
1
Extroverts are not a lot happier.
2
Extroverts are a little happier on average.
3
Decades of research have shown that extroverts have a significant, by that I mean statistically significant, not a large happiness edge,
4
but one that does show up in the data consistently over introverts.
5
And not only do they have sort of more intense periods of well -being,
6
but their general well -being is punctuated by frequent moments of joy.
7
Why do they tend to be a little bit happier?
8
Now, this kind of blends together a bunch of psychological theories, but here's the typical explanation for why that is the case.
9
Humans, we know, are inherently social animals.
10
You've heard me go on and on about the fact that we are a hierarchical kin -based pack tropical species.
11
Homo sapiens are, and our brains are suited to live in bands of 30 to 50 individuals
12
that have to be really together to survive, to pass on our genes and to survive.
13
We have to know our kin and be close to our kin and be highly social with our kin.
14
So we're like wolves in this way.
15
We're like many, many other pack animals.
16
We have to be together.
17
That being the case, that we are inherently social animals and that contact actually gives us a sense of satisfaction.
18
Extroverts who seek out contact to get this cortical stimulation, they're going to be happier as a result of doing this thing.
19
We're highly rewarded for being social.
20
We get a happiness reward for being social.
21
Okay, part one.
22
Part two, extroverts look for the stimulus because their brain needs it.
23
Ergo, when they try to go get that thing that their brain needs, they get happier naturally.
24
That's the whole idea.
25
They're social.
26
Being social makes you happy.
27
Extroverts love people, and so by doing what they naturally want to do, they become happier than introverts.
28
Now, the fact that introverts prefer solitude and struggle with sociability doesn't mean that avoiding contact makes them happier.
29
And this is an interesting thing.
30
So you might say, okay, so extroverts, they're happier because they're in contact with others,
31
so therefore introverts must be happier when they're not in contact with others.
32
This is absolutely the case and this is the argument that psychologists have always made,
33
that being an introvert and avoiding people is an example of meeting a need, but that that need not bringing you happiness.
34
We do this all the time.
35
We do all kinds of things here that meet a need in our life
36
or a perceived need in our life that actually make us less happy.
37
Because once again, Mother Nature doesn't care if you're happy.
38
We have to be responsible for that, not just following our animal impulses.
39
All right, now there are other reasons, more contemporary reasons than all of this.
40
I mean, I realize that some of that was relatively esoteric, but there are other more common sense reasons why you would find in the literature
41
that natural extroverts tend to be a little bit happier than natural introverts.
42
To begin with, extroversion in American society in particular is hugely rewarded, much, much less so in other societies, by the way.
43
In East Asia, for example, American -style extroversion is considered to be really weird.
44
and it makes people extremely uncomfortable, as a matter of fact.
45
I mean, if you go out to dinner with a bunch of your friends in East Asia, and you start talking about,
46
you know, personal issues in your life, it's not going to be rewarded.
47
That's more of an American thing.
48
It's also more of a Latin American thing.
49
I spend a lot of time, as some of you know, in Spain, because my wife is Spanish,
50
and so we've lived off and on in Barcelona for the past 35 years.
51
And when we're there, I mean, it's like, it's extroversion it's like 10, whereas it's less than that in the United States.
52
Relatively speaking, it's a far more extroverted place.
53
And the result is that you can have conversations that you never would.
54
I mean, I recounted in one of my columns some time ago about a wonderful dinner
55
that my wife and I had with complete strangers in Madrid last year.
56
And within 15 minutes, the hostess at this dinner of eight couples, we didn't know them.
57
She said, you know, I meant to ask all of you, what's the closest you all came to getting a divorce?
58
It's like strangers.
59
Gulp.
60
I mean, that would make people uncomfortable in the United States.
61
It would make people, you know, run screaming from the room in Japan, probably.
62
But in Spain, it's like, ah, interesting conversation.
63
Go deeper, go home, man.
64
And that's based on this naturally highly extroverted culture.
65
In the United States, it's rewarded not just socially, it's rewarded economically.
66
Extroverts make a lot more money.
67
There's an interesting study that shows that extroverts make about $12 ,000 more per year than introverts,
68
which at the general level is like, that's no joke.
69
When the average family of four in the United States makes about $75 ,000 a year, that's very significant.
70
That's almost a 20 % differential in what the average family is going to make, as a matter of fact.
71
They also, extroverts, they tend to attain other advantages in the workplace, such as promotions to leadership positions and high performance evaluations.
72
And there's a ton of studies on that.
73
There's one from the Journal of Applied Psychology I'll put in the notes.
74
called Extroversion Advantages at Work, a quantitative review and synthesis of the meta -analytic evidence.
75
Yeah, you got to see this because it turns out that we really reward it.
76
Now, I've seen it over the course of my career, not in my case, but I've taught at business schools for a long time.
77
I go back teaching at business schools for 30 years.
78
And business schools, they love extroverts.
79
I mean, I've taught classes where the grading criteria involved class participation up to 50 % of the grade.
80
I've seen classes that are 70 % of the grade are class participation.
81
And that's just like a root canal for introverts, putting your hand up and just going blah, blah, blah, blah, for the sake of the blah,
82
blah, blah, because you want to get your grade up.
83
Now, when I taught my classes, I tried very, despite my extroversion, because I'd be the guy like this all the time.
84
Again, not a flex.
85
But I didn't want to reward that in the same way, Because, you know, being a behavioral scientist, I got the data.
86
I don't want to unduly penalize people who just happen to be natural introverts.
87
So I would give them all different ways to participate.
88
And I would make sure with my calling patterns for people who are not having their hands up
89
that I would give them a particular opportunity at the beginning of class to get their comments in if they're getting counted.
90
Right.
91
But most professors don't do that.
92
At business schools, it's like wherever you got their hand up, gets called on, they get higher grades.
93
This is an example of the advantages that we're actually talking about.
94
That, quite frankly, can be extremely unfair, but it's the law of the jungle.
95
I mean, particularly when you're making your way into American culture.
96
Very interesting book that talks about how unfair that is and how inefficient that is,
97
is a very famous book maybe some of you already know about.
98
The wonderful author Susan Cain has the book
99
Quiet, The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking.
100
I know she's not big on extroverts like me.
101
I get it.
102
But it's a wonderful book and it's really worth reading
103
because she talks about examples of many wonderful things that have been created by introverts.
104
And, you know, theory of gravity, you know, Isaac Newton was an introvert.
105
Google was developed by introverts.
106
And she argues that admiring and rewarding extroversion isn't just unfair, but it actually hinders progress.
107
And so we should do something about that.
108
It's actually, that book has been influential among leaders and it's been influential with me too.
109
I mean, one of the reasons
110
that I watch my call patterns to not marginalize the introverts in my class is precisely
111
because of Susan Cain's work and how important it is.
112
So if you ever feel disillusioned in the United States
113
or any other place about our habit of elevating egotistical and charismatic leaders,
114
you'll probably admit that Susan Cain has a point and
115
that it's not just unfair but it's kind of unwise for us to be marginalizing introverts or not paying attention to them.
ऐप डाउनलोड करें
धाराप्रवाह बोलने के लिए ज़रूरी सब कुछ
AI उच्चारण स्कोरहर वाक्य का स्कोर
IPA अभ्यासहर ध्वनि में महारत
शब्दावलीअपना शब्द भंडार बनाएँ
शब्द गेमखेलते हुए सीखें
उसी चैनल से
C13
The Surprising Reason Your Past Still Controls You
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
My 6-Step Morning Protocol for a Better Day
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2How to Enjoy Your Life
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B2The 4 Types of Careers, and How to Find Yours
Business EnglishInterview EnglishUniversity Students
FOR YOU
अनुशंसित वीडियो
C110
52 वाक्य
Supernatural thinking: Your brain’s anti-anxiety mode | Clay Routledge
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C16
69 वाक्य
Kids don’t always make you happier. Here’s why people have them anyway. | Paul Bloom
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
259 वाक्य
Talk Back: Why Arguing With Yourself Can Help You Flourish
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
83 वाक्य
How living abroad rewires your brain.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B210
21 वाक्य
Why Socializing Drains You And It’s Not Always Introversion
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
153 वाक्य
The Neuroscience of Love and Attachment: Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Dopamine's Role in Bonding
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
307 वाक्य
Why Finland And Denmark Are Happier Than The U.S.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
347 वाक्य
Doctor Explains: How to Train Your Brain to Crave Doing Hard Things
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
93 वाक्य
Psychology Of People Who Hate Themselves (But Kind To Others)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
68 वाक्य
The positive effects of positive emotions
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C158
40 वाक्य
How Social Media Is Rewiring Our Brains
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “What Makes Extroverts Scientifically Happier than Introverts?” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: introvert, extroverts, happier, blah, extroversion। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 115 वाक्य और 1458 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 8:06 लंबा है। वक्ता तेज़ बोलता है, लगभग 180 शब्द प्रति मिनट, इसलिए जुड़ी हुई और कमज़ोर ध्वनियाँ ज़्यादा मिलेंगी। 82% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| reward संज्ञा | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | इनाम, पुरस्कार |
| happiness संज्ञा | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | Hindi: हर्ष, आनंद |
| participation संज्ञा | /pɑːˌtɪs.ɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/ | सहभागिता, शराकत |
| stranger संज्ञा | /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒɚ/ | अजनबी |
| uncomfortable विशेषण | /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/ | असहज |
| influential विशेषण | /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/ | प्रभावी |
| explanation संज्ञा | /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ | स्पष्टीकरण, समझाना |
| participate क्रिया | /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/ | भाग लेना, हिस्सा लेना |
| promotion संज्ञा | /pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/ | पदोन्नति, तरक़्क़ी |
| intense विशेषण | /ɪnˈtɛns/ | प्रचंड, अतिमात्र |
| divorce संज्ञा | /dɪˈvɔːs/ | तलाक़, तलाक |
| gene संज्ञा | /d͡ʒiːn/ | जीन, वंशाणु |
| wolf संज्ञा | /wʊlf/ | भेड़िया, वृक |
| frequent विशेषण | /ˈfɹiː.kwənt/ | बार बार, बारंबार |
| psychological विशेषण | /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/ | मनोवैज्ञानिक |
दोहराने लायक वाक्य
वीडियो के छोटे, पूरे वाक्य जिन्हें आप रोज़ की बातचीत में इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं:
- We're like many, many other pack animals.
- We're highly rewarded for being social.
- I know she's not big on extroverts like me.
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | have shown · You've heard · have always made |
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | is punctuated · are suited · is considered |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | people who just · people who are |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 30 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे they're, we're, I've। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: participation /pɑːˌtɪs.ɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/, influential /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, promotion /pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, participation /pɑːˌtɪs.ɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/, uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/, influential /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, divorce /dɪˈvɔːs/, wolf /wʊlf/, frequent /ˈfɹiː.kwənt/
- /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, columns /ˈkɑləmz/, marginalize /ˈmɑɹdʒɪnəlaɪz/, charismatic /ˌkɛɹəzˈmætək/, penalize /ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/
- शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: stranger /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒɚ/, scream /skɹiːm/, stimulus /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/, stimulation /stɪm.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/, statistically /stəˈtɪs.tɪ.kə.li/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर reward, happiness, participation जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।