쉐도잉 연습: What Makes Extroverts Scientifically Happier than Introverts? - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Extroverts are not a lot happier.

Extroverts are a little happier on average.

Decades of research have shown that extroverts have a significant, by that I mean statistically significant, not a large happiness edge,

but one that does show up in the data consistently over introverts.

And not only do they have sort of more intense periods of well -being,

but their general well -being is punctuated by frequent moments of joy.

Why do they tend to be a little bit happier?

Now, this kind of blends together a bunch of psychological theories, but here's the typical explanation for why that is the case.

Humans, we know, are inherently social animals.

You've heard me go on and on about the fact that we are a hierarchical kin -based pack tropical species.

Homo sapiens are, and our brains are suited to live in bands of 30 to 50 individuals

that have to be really together to survive, to pass on our genes and to survive.

We have to know our kin and be close to our kin and be highly social with our kin.

So we're like wolves in this way.

We're like many, many other pack animals.

We have to be together.

That being the case, that we are inherently social animals and that contact actually gives us a sense of satisfaction.

Extroverts who seek out contact to get this cortical stimulation, they're going to be happier as a result of doing this thing.

We're highly rewarded for being social.

We get a happiness reward for being social.

Okay, part one.

Part two, extroverts look for the stimulus because their brain needs it.

Ergo, when they try to go get that thing that their brain needs, they get happier naturally.

That's the whole idea.

They're social.

Being social makes you happy.

Extroverts love people, and so by doing what they naturally want to do, they become happier than introverts.

Now, the fact that introverts prefer solitude and struggle with sociability doesn't mean that avoiding contact makes them happier.

And this is an interesting thing.

So you might say, okay, so extroverts, they're happier because they're in contact with others,

so therefore introverts must be happier when they're not in contact with others.

This is absolutely the case and this is the argument that psychologists have always made,

that being an introvert and avoiding people is an example of meeting a need, but that that need not bringing you happiness.

We do this all the time.

We do all kinds of things here that meet a need in our life

or a perceived need in our life that actually make us less happy.

Because once again, Mother Nature doesn't care if you're happy.

We have to be responsible for that, not just following our animal impulses.

All right, now there are other reasons, more contemporary reasons than all of this.

I mean, I realize that some of that was relatively esoteric, but there are other more common sense reasons why you would find in the literature

that natural extroverts tend to be a little bit happier than natural introverts.

To begin with, extroversion in American society in particular is hugely rewarded, much, much less so in other societies, by the way.

In East Asia, for example, American -style extroversion is considered to be really weird.

and it makes people extremely uncomfortable, as a matter of fact.

I mean, if you go out to dinner with a bunch of your friends in East Asia, and you start talking about,

you know, personal issues in your life, it's not going to be rewarded.

That's more of an American thing.

It's also more of a Latin American thing.

I spend a lot of time, as some of you know, in Spain, because my wife is Spanish,

and so we've lived off and on in Barcelona for the past 35 years.

And when we're there, I mean, it's like, it's extroversion it's like 10, whereas it's less than that in the United States.

Relatively speaking, it's a far more extroverted place.

And the result is that you can have conversations that you never would.

I mean, I recounted in one of my columns some time ago about a wonderful dinner

that my wife and I had with complete strangers in Madrid last year.

And within 15 minutes, the hostess at this dinner of eight couples, we didn't know them.

She said, you know, I meant to ask all of you, what's the closest you all came to getting a divorce?

It's like strangers.

Gulp.

I mean, that would make people uncomfortable in the United States.

It would make people, you know, run screaming from the room in Japan, probably.

But in Spain, it's like, ah, interesting conversation.

Go deeper, go home, man.

And that's based on this naturally highly extroverted culture.

In the United States, it's rewarded not just socially, it's rewarded economically.

Extroverts make a lot more money.

There's an interesting study that shows that extroverts make about $12 ,000 more per year than introverts,

which at the general level is like, that's no joke.

When the average family of four in the United States makes about $75 ,000 a year, that's very significant.

That's almost a 20 % differential in what the average family is going to make, as a matter of fact.

They also, extroverts, they tend to attain other advantages in the workplace, such as promotions to leadership positions and high performance evaluations.

And there's a ton of studies on that.

There's one from the Journal of Applied Psychology I'll put in the notes.

called Extroversion Advantages at Work, a quantitative review and synthesis of the meta -analytic evidence.

Yeah, you got to see this because it turns out that we really reward it.

Now, I've seen it over the course of my career, not in my case, but I've taught at business schools for a long time.

I go back teaching at business schools for 30 years.

And business schools, they love extroverts.

I mean, I've taught classes where the grading criteria involved class participation up to 50 % of the grade.

I've seen classes that are 70 % of the grade are class participation.

And that's just like a root canal for introverts, putting your hand up and just going blah, blah, blah, blah, for the sake of the blah,

blah, blah, because you want to get your grade up.

Now, when I taught my classes, I tried very, despite my extroversion, because I'd be the guy like this all the time.

Again, not a flex.

But I didn't want to reward that in the same way, Because, you know, being a behavioral scientist, I got the data.

I don't want to unduly penalize people who just happen to be natural introverts.

So I would give them all different ways to participate.

And I would make sure with my calling patterns for people who are not having their hands up

that I would give them a particular opportunity at the beginning of class to get their comments in if they're getting counted.

Right.

But most professors don't do that.

At business schools, it's like wherever you got their hand up, gets called on, they get higher grades.

This is an example of the advantages that we're actually talking about.

That, quite frankly, can be extremely unfair, but it's the law of the jungle.

I mean, particularly when you're making your way into American culture.

Very interesting book that talks about how unfair that is and how inefficient that is,

is a very famous book maybe some of you already know about.

The wonderful author Susan Cain has the book

Quiet, The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking.

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I know she's not big on extroverts like me.

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I get it.

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But it's a wonderful book and it's really worth reading

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because she talks about examples of many wonderful things that have been created by introverts.

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And, you know, theory of gravity, you know, Isaac Newton was an introvert.

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Google was developed by introverts.

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And she argues that admiring and rewarding extroversion isn't just unfair, but it actually hinders progress.

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And so we should do something about that.

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It's actually, that book has been influential among leaders and it's been influential with me too.

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I mean, one of the reasons

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that I watch my call patterns to not marginalize the introverts in my class is precisely

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because of Susan Cain's work and how important it is.

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So if you ever feel disillusioned in the United States

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or any other place about our habit of elevating egotistical and charismatic leaders,

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you'll probably admit that Susan Cain has a point and

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that it's not just unfair but it's kind of unwise for us to be marginalizing introverts or not paying attention to them.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “What Makes Extroverts Scientifically Happier than Introverts?”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: introvert, extroverts, happier, blah, extroversion. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 115개와 단어 1458개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 8:06입니다. 화자는 분당 약 180단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 단어의 82%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
reward 명사	/ɹɪˈwɔɹd/	상, 보수
unfair 형용사	/ʌnˈfɛɚ/	불공평하다
happiness 명사	/ˈhæpinɪs/	행복, 기쁨
participation 명사	/pɑːˌtɪs.ɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/	참가
stranger 명사	/ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒɚ/	낯선 사람
uncomfortable 형용사	/ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/	불편하다
argue 동사	/ˈɑɹ.ɡju/	논하다, 의논하다
explanation 명사	/ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/	설명
participate 동사	/pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/	참가하다
promotion 명사	/pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/	승진, 진급
intense 형용사	/ɪnˈtɛns/	강렬한, 극심한
divorce 명사	/dɪˈvɔːs/	이혼, 리혼
gene 명사	/d͡ʒiːn/	유전자
wolf 명사	/wʊlf/	늑대, 이리
frequent 형용사	/ˈfɹiː.kwənt/	빈번한

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	발음	뜻
go back 동사		돌아가다
hands up	/hæn(d)ˈzʌp/	손들어!

따라 말해 볼 만한 문장

영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:

We're like many, many other pack animals.
We're highly rewarded for being social.
I know she's not big on extroverts like me.

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	have shown · You've heard · have always made
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	is punctuated · are suited · is considered
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	people who just · people who are

주의할 발음

화자는 they're, we're, I've 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 30번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“sh”와 “zh” 소리: participation /pɑːˌtɪs.ɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/, influential /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, promotion /pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, participation /pɑːˌtɪs.ɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/, uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/, influential /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: unfair /ʌnˈfɛɚ/, uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/, influential /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/, wolf /wʊlf/, frequent /ˈfɹiː.kwənt/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: divorce /dɪˈvɔːs/, wherever /(h)wɛɹˈɛvɚ/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/, gravity /ˈɡɹævɪti/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, columns /ˈkɑləmz/, marginalize /ˈmɑɹdʒɪnəlaɪz/, charismatic /ˌkɛɹəzˈmætək/, penalize /ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, reward, unfair, happiness 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: What Makes Extroverts Scientifically Happier than Introverts? - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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