ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: What Makes Extroverts Scientifically Happier than Introverts?
เลือกโหมดฝึก
แต่ละโหมดจะเปิดห้องฝึกแบบเต็มจอ
115 ประโยค
หากประโยคสั้นหรือยาวเกินไป กดที่ Edit เพื่อปรับแก้
1
Extroverts are not a lot happier.
2
Extroverts are a little happier on average.
3
Decades of research have shown that extroverts have a significant, by that I mean statistically significant, not a large happiness edge,
4
but one that does show up in the data consistently over introverts.
5
And not only do they have sort of more intense periods of well -being,
6
but their general well -being is punctuated by frequent moments of joy.
7
Why do they tend to be a little bit happier?
8
Now, this kind of blends together a bunch of psychological theories, but here's the typical explanation for why that is the case.
9
Humans, we know, are inherently social animals.
10
You've heard me go on and on about the fact that we are a hierarchical kin -based pack tropical species.
11
Homo sapiens are, and our brains are suited to live in bands of 30 to 50 individuals
12
that have to be really together to survive, to pass on our genes and to survive.
13
We have to know our kin and be close to our kin and be highly social with our kin.
14
So we're like wolves in this way.
15
We're like many, many other pack animals.
16
We have to be together.
17
That being the case, that we are inherently social animals and that contact actually gives us a sense of satisfaction.
18
Extroverts who seek out contact to get this cortical stimulation, they're going to be happier as a result of doing this thing.
19
We're highly rewarded for being social.
20
We get a happiness reward for being social.
21
Okay, part one.
22
Part two, extroverts look for the stimulus because their brain needs it.
23
Ergo, when they try to go get that thing that their brain needs, they get happier naturally.
24
That's the whole idea.
25
They're social.
26
Being social makes you happy.
27
Extroverts love people, and so by doing what they naturally want to do, they become happier than introverts.
28
Now, the fact that introverts prefer solitude and struggle with sociability doesn't mean that avoiding contact makes them happier.
29
And this is an interesting thing.
30
So you might say, okay, so extroverts, they're happier because they're in contact with others,
31
so therefore introverts must be happier when they're not in contact with others.
32
This is absolutely the case and this is the argument that psychologists have always made,
33
that being an introvert and avoiding people is an example of meeting a need, but that that need not bringing you happiness.
34
We do this all the time.
35
We do all kinds of things here that meet a need in our life
36
or a perceived need in our life that actually make us less happy.
37
Because once again, Mother Nature doesn't care if you're happy.
38
We have to be responsible for that, not just following our animal impulses.
39
All right, now there are other reasons, more contemporary reasons than all of this.
40
I mean, I realize that some of that was relatively esoteric, but there are other more common sense reasons why you would find in the literature
41
that natural extroverts tend to be a little bit happier than natural introverts.
42
To begin with, extroversion in American society in particular is hugely rewarded, much, much less so in other societies, by the way.
43
In East Asia, for example, American -style extroversion is considered to be really weird.
44
and it makes people extremely uncomfortable, as a matter of fact.
45
I mean, if you go out to dinner with a bunch of your friends in East Asia, and you start talking about,
46
you know, personal issues in your life, it's not going to be rewarded.
47
That's more of an American thing.
48
It's also more of a Latin American thing.
49
I spend a lot of time, as some of you know, in Spain, because my wife is Spanish,
50
and so we've lived off and on in Barcelona for the past 35 years.
51
And when we're there, I mean, it's like, it's extroversion it's like 10, whereas it's less than that in the United States.
52
Relatively speaking, it's a far more extroverted place.
53
And the result is that you can have conversations that you never would.
54
I mean, I recounted in one of my columns some time ago about a wonderful dinner
55
that my wife and I had with complete strangers in Madrid last year.
56
And within 15 minutes, the hostess at this dinner of eight couples, we didn't know them.
57
She said, you know, I meant to ask all of you, what's the closest you all came to getting a divorce?
58
It's like strangers.
59
Gulp.
60
I mean, that would make people uncomfortable in the United States.
61
It would make people, you know, run screaming from the room in Japan, probably.
62
But in Spain, it's like, ah, interesting conversation.
63
Go deeper, go home, man.
64
And that's based on this naturally highly extroverted culture.
65
In the United States, it's rewarded not just socially, it's rewarded economically.
66
Extroverts make a lot more money.
67
There's an interesting study that shows that extroverts make about $12 ,000 more per year than introverts,
68
which at the general level is like, that's no joke.
69
When the average family of four in the United States makes about $75 ,000 a year, that's very significant.
70
That's almost a 20 % differential in what the average family is going to make, as a matter of fact.
71
They also, extroverts, they tend to attain other advantages in the workplace, such as promotions to leadership positions and high performance evaluations.
72
And there's a ton of studies on that.
73
There's one from the Journal of Applied Psychology I'll put in the notes.
74
called Extroversion Advantages at Work, a quantitative review and synthesis of the meta -analytic evidence.
75
Yeah, you got to see this because it turns out that we really reward it.
76
Now, I've seen it over the course of my career, not in my case, but I've taught at business schools for a long time.
77
I go back teaching at business schools for 30 years.
78
And business schools, they love extroverts.
79
I mean, I've taught classes where the grading criteria involved class participation up to 50 % of the grade.
80
I've seen classes that are 70 % of the grade are class participation.
81
And that's just like a root canal for introverts, putting your hand up and just going blah, blah, blah, blah, for the sake of the blah,
82
blah, blah, because you want to get your grade up.
83
Now, when I taught my classes, I tried very, despite my extroversion, because I'd be the guy like this all the time.
84
Again, not a flex.
85
But I didn't want to reward that in the same way, Because, you know, being a behavioral scientist, I got the data.
86
I don't want to unduly penalize people who just happen to be natural introverts.
87
So I would give them all different ways to participate.
88
And I would make sure with my calling patterns for people who are not having their hands up
89
that I would give them a particular opportunity at the beginning of class to get their comments in if they're getting counted.
90
Right.
91
But most professors don't do that.
92
At business schools, it's like wherever you got their hand up, gets called on, they get higher grades.
93
This is an example of the advantages that we're actually talking about.
94
That, quite frankly, can be extremely unfair, but it's the law of the jungle.
95
I mean, particularly when you're making your way into American culture.
96
Very interesting book that talks about how unfair that is and how inefficient that is,
97
is a very famous book maybe some of you already know about.
98
The wonderful author Susan Cain has the book
99
Quiet, The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking.
100
I know she's not big on extroverts like me.
101
I get it.
102
But it's a wonderful book and it's really worth reading
103
because she talks about examples of many wonderful things that have been created by introverts.
104
And, you know, theory of gravity, you know, Isaac Newton was an introvert.
105
Google was developed by introverts.
106
And she argues that admiring and rewarding extroversion isn't just unfair, but it actually hinders progress.
107
And so we should do something about that.
108
It's actually, that book has been influential among leaders and it's been influential with me too.
109
I mean, one of the reasons
110
that I watch my call patterns to not marginalize the introverts in my class is precisely
111
because of Susan Cain's work and how important it is.
112
So if you ever feel disillusioned in the United States
113
or any other place about our habit of elevating egotistical and charismatic leaders,
114
you'll probably admit that Susan Cain has a point and
115
that it's not just unfair but it's kind of unwise for us to be marginalizing introverts or not paying attention to them.
ดาวน์โหลดแอป
ทุกอย่างที่ต้องใช้เพื่อพูดได้คล่อง
AI ให้คะแนนการออกเสียงให้คะแนนทุกประโยค
ฝึก IPAเชี่ยวชาญทุกเสียง
คำศัพท์สร้างคลังคำของคุณ
เกมคำศัพท์เล่นไปเรียนไป
ช่องเดียวกัน
B21
Stop Trying to “Let Go” of Anxiety. Do This Instead
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C13
The Surprising Reason Your Past Still Controls You
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
My 6-Step Morning Protocol for a Better Day
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B2How to Enjoy Your Life
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B2The 4 Types of Careers, and How to Find Yours
Business EnglishInterview EnglishUniversity Students
FOR YOU
วิดีโอแนะนำ
C16
69 ประโยค
Kids don’t always make you happier. Here’s why people have them anyway. | Paul Bloom
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
83 ประโยค
How living abroad rewires your brain.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C111
52 ประโยค
Supernatural thinking: Your brain’s anti-anxiety mode | Clay Routledge
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
259 ประโยค
Talk Back: Why Arguing With Yourself Can Help You Flourish
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B210
21 ประโยค
Why Socializing Drains You And It’s Not Always Introversion
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
153 ประโยค
The Neuroscience of Love and Attachment: Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Dopamine's Role in Bonding
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
307 ประโยค
Why Finland And Denmark Are Happier Than The U.S.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
93 ประโยค
Psychology Of People Who Hate Themselves (But Kind To Others)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
68 ประโยค
The positive effects of positive emotions
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C14
6 ประโยค
What is Happiness?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
1164 ประโยค
Trevor Noah Makes My Brain Hurt | A Bit of Optimism Podcast
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “What Makes Extroverts Scientifically Happier than Introverts?” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: introvert, extroverts, happier, blah, extroversion วิดีโอนี้มี 115 ประโยค และ 1458 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 8:06 ผู้พูดพูดเร็ว ประมาณ 180 คำต่อนาที จึงมีการเชื่อมเสียงและลดเสียงค่อนข้างมาก 82% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| reward คำนาม | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | รางวัล |
| happiness คำนาม | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | ความสุข |
| stranger คำนาม | /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒɚ/ | ฝรั่ง |
| uncomfortable คำคุณศัพท์ | /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/ | ไม่สะดวก |
| argue คำกริยา | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | เถียง, ถก |
| explanation คำนาม | /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ | การอธิบาย |
| participate คำกริยา | /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/ | เข้าร่วม, ร่วมมือ |
| promotion คำนาม | /pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/ | การเลื่อนตำแหน่ง |
| divorce คำนาม | /dɪˈvɔːs/ | การหย่าร้าง, การหย่า |
| gene คำนาม | /d͡ʒiːn/ | หน่วยพันธุกรรม |
| wolf คำนาม | /wʊlf/ | หมาป่า, สุนัขป่า |
| habit คำนาม | /ˈhæb.ɪt/ | นิสัย |
| canal คำนาม | /kəˈnæl/ | คลอง, ลำน้ำ |
| scientist คำนาม | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | นักวิทยาศาสตร์ |
| satisfaction คำนาม | /sætɪsˈfækʃən/ | ความพอใจ |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| go back คำกริยา | กลับไป |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- We're like many, many other pack animals.
- We're highly rewarded for being social.
- I know she's not big on extroverts like me.
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have shown · You've heard · have always made |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | is punctuated · are suited · is considered |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | people who just · people who are |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 30 ครั้ง เช่น they're, we're, I've ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: participation /pɑːˌtɪs.ɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/, influential /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, promotion /pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, participation /pɑːˌtɪs.ɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/, uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/, influential /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/, inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: happiness /ˈhæpinɪs/, influential /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, intense /ɪnˈtɛns/, divorce /dɪˈvɔːs/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: divorce /dɪˈvɔːs/, wherever /(h)wɛɹˈɛvɚ/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/, gravity /ˈɡɹævɪti/, behavioral /bɪˈheɪvjəɹəl/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, columns /ˈkɑləmz/, marginalize /ˈmɑɹdʒɪnəlaɪz/, charismatic /ˌkɛɹəzˈmætək/, penalize /ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง reward, happiness, stranger เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ