शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Why Parmesan Cheese Is So Expensive | Regional Eats | Food Insider - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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1
A wheel of Parmesan cheese can cost over a thousand dollars.
2
The average wheel weighs 88 pounds, which means it costs over 11 dollars per pound.
3
That might not sound like a lot, but it's more than double the price of your average cheddar.
4
A wheel of Parmesan cheese takes at least one year to age, 131 gallons of milk to make,
5
and it can only be made in a small area in northern Italy.
6
Parmesan cheese is a big business for Italy.
7
An average of 3 .6 million wheels are produced each year,
8
and the industry is worth an eye -popping 2 .2 billion euros, that's about 2 .5 billion US dollars,
9
making this cheese one of Italy's biggest exports.
10
Every single cheese wheel is made in a restricted area in northern Italy, in the region of Emilia -Romagna.
11
It's Italian name, in fact, Parmigiano -Reggiano means from the cities of Parma and Reggio Emilia.
12
So how does this turn into this?
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And what makes this so special?
14
We went to a dairy in Parma, Italy, to find out.
15
The very first producers of Parmesan cheese were monks, over a thousand years ago.
16
Then, like now, Parmesan wheels were made with only three ingredients.
17
Cow milk sold and rented.
18
There are only 329 dairies in the whole world that are certified to produce Parmesan cheese.
19
and they're all based in the same area where the monks used to make it.
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In fact, It isn't even possible to make the exact same product outside of the production area.
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And why is that?
22
Turns out it's all about treating good bacteria that only grow in this specific territory.
23
The whole logic in the production of the Parmigiano Reggiano is
24
to transfer these bacteria from the herb to the form of the herb, from the herb to the food,
25
from the food, from the food, from the food, through the food techniques of animal food, to the milk, Once they are in the latte, in the casificio, they try to grow their own,
26
to allow their presence in the form of the parmesan oregano.
27
If they are there, they ferment the components of the latte in the flavors and flavors, like the Parmesan.
28
Oh, It takes 131 gallons of milk to make one wheel of Parmesan cheese.
29
That's whole -low milk.
30
Dairies combine freshly milked whole milk with day -old skim milk to make the cheese.
31
The two milks are transferred in this copper vat along with fermented whey, a sort of sourdough, and then rennet,
32
an enzyme which gives the milk a yogurt -like texture.
33
The cheese master will then split the milk into curds using this tool called "spino".
34
The casaro must transform this consistency in a more gommy,
35
because we have to remove water since we have to cook a long -staged cheese.
36
In the process of cooking 5 minutes We move from 38 degrees Celsius to 55 degrees Celsius.
37
together we change in the cheese texture, cooking the milk, does another essential job.
38
Do you remember the three good bacteria?
39
Well, they're not alone.
40
Other bacteria, bad bacteria, might have joined the party.
41
Cooking the milk ensures that only the good bacteria can continue the journey, while the others are kicked out.
42
The curd travels all the way to the bottom of the vat where it's left to settle.
43
Thank you.
44
45 minutes later, here it is a compact mass of current weighing 220 pounds Bye.
45
This mass is the equivalent of two cheese wheels.
46
and is split carefully by workers with linen clothes.
47
Each of is then transferred into modes.
48
Every two hours this telo is changed.
49
The operation is to remove the weight from this mass, change the telo, and turn the shape.
50
This every two hours until the evening, at 20 :00.
51
At 8pm the cheese is covered with this stencil, which will engrave the logo of Parmigiano -Reggiano.
52
These dots are the mark of origin used to tell customers that this is the real thing,
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made in the same restricted area where monks used to live in the Middle Ages.
54
Each wheel is also given an ID.
55
It's this plaque made from milk protein which contains information about where it was produced and when.
56
The stencil is removed four days later and the wheels are prased into brines.
57
where they stay completely plunged for about 19 days.
58
This process helps to form the cheese rind which acts as a barrier for the Jews.
59
And this is when the maturation process begins.
60
Wheels remain relatively untouched for one year.
61
After that, a master grader will respect them. and Brandon.
62
The average maturation is 2 years,
63
but some wheels are aged as long as 10 years to achieve a stronger, nuttier taste you you a longer maturation period,
64
makes the price go higher.
65
That's why a stravecchio, very old parmesan, that has matured for three years, will be sold on the market for an average of 13 euros.
66
That's about 15 US dollars per pound.
67
This high price means that there is now a black market of counterfeit Parmesan products.
68
Italy has been struggling with fake products for years.
69
In fact, the problem is so big that the fakes have become an industry of their own.
70
that is estimated to be worth 100 billion euros, that's about 113 billion US dollars,
71
with Parmigiano -Reggiano, being one of the biggest brands fighting copycats.
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While the cheese is protected in the European Union under the Protected Designation of Origin Scheme,
73
it is still struggling to get the recognition it deserves in the rest of the world.
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outside the European Union and outside those countries that do not part of bilateral agreements,
75
where it is recognized by the European Union, the problem is really very big, very serious.
76
In fact, beyond We can't even protect the term "parmigiano -reggiano" through an operation of the market.
77
In many countries, in many countries, the term "parmigiano -reggiano" is a trademark, but it is possible to use In many countries the term is Parmesan,
78
so that it makes the final consumer to buy a real parmesan with a parmesan.
79
The problem is really big and we are working at a government level.
80
So, how do you recognize a real Parmesan cheese?
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Do you remember this dot stencil?
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That's a solid indication that the cheese is legit.
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If that's not visible, the packaging should contain Parmigiano Reggiano's official logo, and the EU's protected designation of origin.
84
you
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह B1 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Why Parmesan Cheese Is So Expensive” पर आधारित है। सबसे ज़्यादा दोहराए गए शब्द ये हैं: cheese, parmesan, milk, wheel, parmigiano। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 84 वाक्य और 1059 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 9:46 लंबा है। वक्ता धीरे बोलता है, लगभग 108 शब्द प्रति मिनट, इसलिए हर ध्वनि की नकल करने का समय मिलता है। 82% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| bacterium संज्ञा | /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/ | जीवाणु, कीटाणु |
| herb संज्ञा | /hɜːb/ | जड़ी बूटी |
| monk संज्ञा | /mʌŋk/ | भिक्षु, महन्त |
| euro संज्ञा | /ˈjʊɹoʊ/ | यूरो |
| dairy संज्ञा | /ˈdɛə.ɹi/ | दुग्ध |
| curd संज्ञा | /kɜː(ɹ)d/ | दही |
| weigh क्रिया | /weɪ/ | तौलना, जोखना |
| flavor संज्ञा | /ˈfleɪvə/ | स्वाद, सुवास |
| logo संज्ञा | /ˈloʊ.ɡoʊ/ | लोगो |
| cheddar संज्ञा | /ˈt͡ʃɛdə(ɹ)/ | चेडर |
| counterfeit विशेषण | /ˈkaʊn.tɚˌfɪt/ | खोटा, जाली |
| oregano संज्ञा | /əˈɹɛɡənoʊ/ | सथ्रा, बनतुलसी |
| yogurt संज्ञा | /ˈjɒɡ.ət/ | दही |
| trademark संज्ञा | /ˈtɹeɪdmɑːk/ | व्यापारचिन्ह, ट्रेडमार्क |
| cloth संज्ञा | /klɒθ/ | कपड़ा, पारचा |
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| “used to” used to + क्रिया — बीती आदत या स्थिति जो अब नहीं है | used to tell · used to live |
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | be made · are produced · is made |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | has matured · have become |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | pounds, which means · stencil, which will |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 4 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे they're, can't, isn't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: designation /dɛzɪɡˈneɪʃən/, freshly /ˈfɹɛʃli/, indication /ɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: designation /dɛzɪɡˈneɪʃən/, oregano /əˈɹɛɡənoʊ/, bilateral /baɪˈlætəɹəl/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, consistency /kənˈsɪs.tən.si/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: weigh /weɪ/, flavor /ˈfleɪvə/, engrave /ɪnˈɡɹeɪv/
- /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: parmesan /ˈpɑːmɪˌzæn/, designation /dɛzɪɡˈneɪʃən/, enzyme /ˈɛn.zaɪm/
- /æ/ — “ऐ” से ज़्यादा खुला: parmesan /ˈpɑːmɪˌzæn/, bacterium /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/, gallon /ˈɡælən/, plaque /plæk/, bilateral /baɪˈlætəɹəl/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर bacterium, herb, monk जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।