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Hi, I'm Dr. Tracy Marks, a psychiatrist, and I make mental health education videos.
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Today, I'm talking about what drives you and gives you motivation.
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There are several theories that explain what drives your behavior.
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The leading motivational theory was developed by Abraham Maslow, called Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
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This hierarchy is illustrated as a pyramid with the most basic needs at the bottom of the pyramid
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and more advanced needs at the top.
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The idea is that our needs are progressive.
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Your lower level needs must be fulfilled before you're motivated to move to the next level.
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Here's the pyramid.
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At the bottom, you have physiological needs like the need for food, water, sleep, and shelter.
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The next level is a need for safety and self -preservation.
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This includes feeling emotionally stable, independent, and observing law and order.
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These two levels are your basic needs, and when these needs aren't met, you feel severely deprived.
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The next level on the pyramid is the need for affiliation and belonging.
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This is where you establish intimate relationships with family, friends, and romantic partners, or you connect to a group or a cause.
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So for example, even if you're someone who doesn't like being around people that much, or you have no friends,
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this need could still be fulfilled by having a parent who cares about you, or being a proud
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Jets fan, or a Catholic.
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In other words, this level includes affiliating with an entity bigger than the individual
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that allows you to feel like you belong to something and are not completely alone.
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The next step up on the pyramid is the need for status and self -esteem.
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With these needs, you're motivated to establish self -respect, recognition, and a mastery of something.
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These two levels are your psychological needs.
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When these needs aren't met, you can feel empty, detached, devalued, inferior, and undeserving.
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The last and the highest level is the need for self -actualization.
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This level is about personal growth.
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These are things like recognizing and fully utilizing your talents to the greatest benefit, feeling like your life and actions have meaning and create value,
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or experiencing contentment that you have a life that's well -lived.
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And you don't have to be 80 to feel like you've lived a good life
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this is a relative judgment at this level of self -assessment you're looking at what you have been
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and are currently doing and how much that matters to you even
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if you have more that you want to do in fact having more to do
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or more to look forward to is a good place to be
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because then you still have other options to keep you growing
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this last level is a self -fulfillment need
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we started with basic progressed to psychological
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then to self -fulfillment another way to group these needs is to consider the first four deficiency needs
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and the last one a growth need why does any of this matter
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because you can get stuck on one of these levels
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and feel deficient or unsatisfied
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and not know why you don't have to meet your needs a hundred percent at each level before
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you move on to the next one
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but they need to be predominantly satisfied for example let's say you're 35
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and you don't have a life partner like you thought you would by your late 20s or even early thirties.
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And that may be a sore spot for you and make you feel discontent with where you are in your personal life,
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but it doesn't keep you from feeling accomplished professionally.
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Here's another way that this can play out.
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Your personality can make you prioritize certain needs over others.
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For example, according to the pyramid, the need for intimacy comes before the need to be accomplished and well -respected.
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But let's say you don't see relationships as important and focus more on being financially successful and a guru in your field.
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But even when you get to the point of making a lot of money and being promoted in your field,
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it still feels empty and you're not satisfied.
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You think it's because there's still another level that you haven't reached in your profession,
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or maybe you're in the wrong business and need to start with something else.
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In this hypothetical example, you never really get to the point of feeling satisfied with your level of accomplishment.
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Maybe it's because you skipped over the belonging and love needs.
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You're chasing money and recognition to fill the void of not being connected to someone or something that's meaningful to you.
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And the job or business just doesn't meet that intimacy need.
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This is a simple example of how recognizing your needs
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and taking an inventory of what you have and what's missing can help you get unstuck if you feel unfulfilled.
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According to Maslow, most people don't live in the self -actualization level, but instead hover around the belonging and status levels.
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He proposed that self -actualized people have certain characteristics, and here are seven of them.
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One, they are accepting of themselves and others and have a democratic worldview.
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And this is democratic in the general sense, like anti -authoritarian.
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Two, they embrace the unknown and can tolerate uncertainty.
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Three, they prioritize the journey over the destination, so the experience matters more than the outcome.
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Four, they establish deep relationships with a few people and need their privacy and alone time.
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Five, they are concerned with the welfare of humanity as a whole.
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Six, they have a non -hostile sense of humor.
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They can laugh at themselves, but they don't find humor in jokes that are hostile, which are jokes that make fun of other people,
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or they don't find humor in jokes that are superior, which insult or demean people.
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Number seven, they're problem -focused instead of self -focused.
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Becoming self -actualized is a goal to aim for, but not getting there doesn't mean you failed in life.
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It's more about being self -fulfilled by whatever means works for you.
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Watch this video for more on doing things that matter
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or how to find meaning and value in things as a way towards self -fulfillment if you haven't already seen that video,
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and then watch this one on how being excessively positive is damaging to your self -esteem.
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Thanks for watching.
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See you next time.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “The 5 Needs That Motivate You And How You Get Stuck”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: self, pyramid, example, feeling. Questo video contiene 79 frasi e 1064 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 6:09. Chi parla ha un ritmo naturale di circa 173 parole al minuto, vicino a una conversazione quotidiana. Il 84% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| pyramid sostantivo | /ˈpɪɹ.ə.mɪd/ | piramide |
| establish verbo | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ | stabilire, confermare |
| satisfy verbo | /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/ | soddisfare, accontentare |
| fulfill verbo | /fʊlˈfɪl/ | completare |
| humour sostantivo | /ˈhjuːmɚ/ | humour, umorismo |
| connect verbo | /kəˈnɛkt/ | connettere, connettersi |
| psychological aggettivo | /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/ | psicologico |
| accomplish verbo | /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/ | compiere, realizzare |
| esteem verbo | /ɪˈstiːm/ | stimare |
| hierarchy sostantivo | /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/ | gerarchia |
| intimacy sostantivo | /ˈɪn.tɪ.mə.si/ | intimità |
| motivate verbo | /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/ | motivare |
| relative sostantivo | /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/ | parente, congiunto |
| stable sostantivo | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | stalla, scuderia |
| assessment sostantivo | /əˈsɛsmənt/ | accertamento |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| look forward to verbo | non vedere l'ora |
| play out verbo | svolgere |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | was developed · is illustrated · must be fulfilled |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | you've lived · have been · haven't reached |
| Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosa | someone who doesn · hostile, which are |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 27 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come you're, don't, doesn't. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “th”: thirty /ˈθɝti/, hypothetical /ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl/, authoritarian /əˌθɑ.ɹəˈtɛɹ.i.ən/
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/, shelter /ˈʃɛltə/, destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/, hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, intimacy /ˈɪn.tɪ.mə.si/, superior /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: humour /ˈhjuːmɚ/, hostile /ˈhɑstəl/, hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, hypothetical /ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl/
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: pyramid /ˈpɪɹ.ə.mɪd/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, connect /kəˈnɛkt/, accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/, motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/, romantic /ɹoʊˈmæn(t)ɪk/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/, characteristic /ˌkæɹ(ə)ktəˈɹɪstɪk/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come pyramid, establish, satisfy.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.