Pratica di Shadowing: What Is REST API? Examples And How To Use It: Crash Course System Design #3 - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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REST is the most common communication standard between computers over the internet.
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What is it?
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Why is it so popular?
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Let's take a look.
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API stands for Application Programming Interface.
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It is a way for two computers to talk to each other.
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The common API standard used by most mobile and web applications to talk to the servers is called REST.
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It stands for Representational State Transfer.
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It is a mouthful.
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What does that mean?
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REST is not a specification.
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It is a loose set of rules that has been the common standard for building web APIs since the early 2000s.
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An API that follows the REST standard is called a RESTful API.
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Some real-life examples are Twilio, Stripe, and Google Maps.
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Let's look at the basics of REST.
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A RESTful API organizes resources into a set of unique URIs or Uniform Resource Identifiers.
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The URIs differentiate different types of resources on a server.
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Here are some examples.
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The resources should be grouped by noun and not verb.
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An API to get all products should be slash products and not slash get all products.
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A client interacts with a resource by making a request to the endpoint for the resource over HTTP.
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The request has a very specific format as shown here.
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The line contains a URI for the resource we'd like to access.
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The URI is preceded by an XGTP verb, which tells the server what we want to do with the resource.
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A POST request means we want to create a new resource.
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A GET means we want to read the data about an existing resource.
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A PUT is for updating an existing resource.
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A DELETE is for removing an existing resource.
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You might have heard the acronym CRUD.
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This is what it stands for.
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In the body of these requests, there could be an optional HTTP request body that contains a custom payload of data, usually encoded in JSON.
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The server receives the request, processes it, and formats a result into a response.
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The first line of the response contains the HTTP status code to tell the client what happened to the request.
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A well implemented RESTful API returns proper HTTP status codes.
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The 200 level codes mean the request was successful.
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The 400 level codes mean something was wrong with our request.
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For example, the request contained incorrect syntax.
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At the 500 level, it means something ran wrong at the server level.
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For example, the service was unavailable.
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A well-behaved client could choose to retry a fail request with a 500 level status quo.
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We said could choose to retry because some actions are not idempotent and those require extra care when retrying.
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When an API is idempotent, making multiple identical requests has the same effect as making a single request.
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This is usually not the case for a post request to create a new resource.
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The response body is optional and could contain the data payload and is usually formatted in JSON.
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There's a critical attribute of REST that is worth discussing more.
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A REST implementation should be stateless.
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It means the two parties don't need to store any information about each other, and every request and response is independent from all others.
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This leads to web applications that are easy to scale and well-behaved.
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There are two final points to discuss to round out a well-behaved RESTful API.
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If an API endpoint returns a huge amount of data, use pagination.
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A common pagination scheme uses limit and offset as parameters.
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Here is an example.
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If they are not specified, the server should assume sensible default values.
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Lastly, versioning of an API is very important.
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allows an implementation to provide backward compatibility so that if we introduce breaking changes from one version to another,
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consumers can get enough time to move to the next version.
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There are many ways to version an API.
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The most straightforward is to prefix the version before the resource on the URI.
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For instance, like this.
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Restful API is simple and effective when applied sensibly.
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It may not be the best choice for all companies, but it is simple and good enough, and that's why it is so widely used.
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There are other popular API options like GraphQL and GRPC.
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We'll discuss those and compare them in separate videos.
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If you would like to learn more about system design, check out our books and weekly newsletter.
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Please subscribe if you learned something new thank you so much and we'll see you next time
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questo video contiene 65 frasi e 753 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 5:11. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 145 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Solo il 78% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| resource sostantivo | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | risorsa |
| server sostantivo | /ˈsɝvɚ/ | server |
| format sostantivo | /ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/ | formato |
| behave verbo | /bɪˈheɪv/ | comportarsi, agire |
| implementation sostantivo | /ˌɪmplɪmənˈteɪʃən/ | implementazione, attuazione |
| optional aggettivo | /ˈɑp.ʃə.nəl/ | facoltativo, volontario |
| verb sostantivo | /vɝb/ | verbo |
| compare verbo | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | paragonare |
| custom sostantivo | /ˈkʌstəm/ | usanza, costume |
| introduce verbo | /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ | presentare |
| default sostantivo | /dɪˈfɔlt/ | mora, morosità |
| identical aggettivo | /ɪˈdɛntɪkl̩/ | identico |
| implement verbo | /ˈɪmpləmənt/ | mettere in pratica, attuare |
| interact verbo | /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ | interagire |
| subscribe verbo | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | abbonarsi |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| check out verbo | investigare |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 4 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come we'll, don't, we'd. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: implementation /ˌɪmplɪmənˈteɪʃən/, optional /ˈɑp.ʃə.nəl/, differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/, pagination /ˌpæd͡ʒəˈneɪʃən/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: implementation /ˌɪmplɪmənˈteɪʃən/, unavailable /ˌʌnəˈveɪləbəl/, differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/, compatibility /kəmˌpætəˈbɪlɪti/, parameter /pəˈɹæm.ə.tɚ/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come resource, server, format.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.