シャドーイング練習: American History - Part 001 - Overview - - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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106 文
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It started in May of 1969.
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Some people can remember when The Making of a Nation was on the radio two times a week.
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People who grew up listening to it are old enough now to listen with their own children, or even their grandchildren.
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The series tells a story.
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You can think of it not just as a series of programs about the history of America and its people,
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but a series of lessons.
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The subjects include exploration, revolution, civil war, social and political change,
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the rise of industry and modern technology, and more.
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We ended last week at program number 238.
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The subject was the presidential election of 2004.
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As time adds to the story, we add new programs to the series.
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In a sense, the making of a nation is a living history.
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Yet, some of the announcers are no longer even alive after all these years.
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Here and there, too, the language may sound a little dated.
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For example, some of the programs call black people Negroes.
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The use of that term may be historically correct, but today the socially accepted name is African American.
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Technology has also changed.
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Today, the making of the nation is not just on radio, but also on the Internet.
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At voaspecialenglish .com, you can download MP3 files and transcripts.
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That way, you can listen anytime or anyplace and read along.
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The site also includes archives in case you ever miss a program.
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So how was the nation made?
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Why did loyal citizens rebel against one nation and start their own, with different laws?
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The Making of a Nation answers these and other questions about American history.
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We tell the story of how a group of farmers,
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businessmen, and lawyers wrote a document they called the Constitution of the United States.
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On September 17, 1787, delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia met one last time to sign it.
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We explain why that document is still extremely important today, and not just to Americans.
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Other governments have used it as a guide to creating a modern democracy.
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We explore why the writers of the Constitution included guarantees of freedom of speech
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and religion and the right to a fair and public trial.
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We also talk about the reasons for the American Revolution.
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One of the most important was the idea that citizens of a country should have a voice in its decisions.
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British citizens in the American colonies paid taxes, but had no representatives in the British Parliament.
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Taxation without representation led to growing anger in the American colonies.
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The leaders of the revolt made important changes.
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They decided that any free citizen could be a candidate for public office,
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and they made sure that all free men who owned land and paid taxes were permitted to vote.
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Not until 1920 did the Constitution give women the right to vote.
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Later, another change lowered the voting age for Americans from twenty -one to 18.
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Our programs explain the thinking behind these and other rights.
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They also tell the story of each presidential election and presidency in American history.
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The Making of a Nation explores the good and the bad in American history. For example,
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how could slavery exist in a nation whose people declared that all men are created equal and with a right to life,
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liberty, and the pursuit of happiness?
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Many programs tell about the ideas and issues that have shaped the United States.
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But most importantly, they tell about the people.
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For example, George Washington was a farmer before he became a military commander.
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He became president because the citizens of the new country wanted him as their first leader.
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After two terms, he gave up power by his own choice.
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He once again became a farmer and a private citizen.
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In his Fairwell Address in 1796, he warned Americans about the dangers of political parties.
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Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.
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It told the world that the people of this new country would no longer answer to a European ruler.
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Some of the people who formed the United States into a nation during the 1700s were well -educated and wealthy.
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Abraham Lincoln was not.
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Still, he grew up to become president.
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Abraham Lincoln became president during the 1860s
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when several southern states decided they no longer wanted to be part of the United States.
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We tell how
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President Lincoln dealt with the terrible civil war that almost split the country apart.
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One of our programs deals with a speech he gave in the little town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
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A great battle had been fought there.
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President Lincoln had been asked to come to Gettysburg to say a few words at the dedication of a military burial place.
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The speech was short.
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President Lincoln honored the young men who had died on that bloody battlefield.
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He also told the world why the terrible war was being fought and why it was so important.
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Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation,
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conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
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Those words were just the first sentence.
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After President Lincoln wrote the speech, he felt sad.
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He considered it a failure.
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In fact, his words earned the respect of history.
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You can hear the full Gettysburg Address in our programs about the life and presidency of Abraham Lincoln.
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the making of a nation touches on many different subjects one of them is social change
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for example we tell about the changes that took place in the 1920s, known as the Roaring Twenties.
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Many young people decided they no longer needed to follow the conservative traditions of their parents and grandparents.
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This was the age of jazz.
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Who furnishes the Lock, Red Hot Chicago?
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Musicians with ambitions to warm up an orchestration.
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But music and social values were not the only things changing.
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The Roaring Twenties were also a time of fast -moving economic change.
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Productivity grew sharply.
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At the same time, the divide between rich and poor
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Americans grew wider.
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By the end of the Roaring Twenties, the economy was ready to collapse.
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Then, in October of 1929, the stock market crashed.
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What followed was an economic disaster worse than any the modern world has ever known.
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We examined the causes of the Great Depression and how it affected
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Americans and the rest of the world.
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We tell the story of people who lost their jobs, their homes, and their hope for the future.
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Franklin Roosevelt was elected with a promise to bring the country out of the Depression.
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On March 4, 1933, he was inaugurated to his first of four terms.
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He served longer than any other president in American history.
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We discuss Roosevelt's New Deal programs and his leadership during
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World War II.
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But not all of the subjects on The Making of a Nation are so serious.
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We also look at the history of American popular culture and subjects like the rise of high technology.
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Something for everyone.
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Today's news is not only tomorrow's history.
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It will also become part of the making of a nation.
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But for now, we start again from the beginning.
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I'm Shirley Griffith And I'm Steve Ember Join us at this time next week
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and every week as we go back in time
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Listen on radio or online at voaspecialenglish .com as we bring you
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The Making of a Nation in VOA Special English
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「American History - Part 001 - Overview -」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：nation, program, Lincoln, citizen, subject。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が106文、単語が1237語あります。 音声の長さは13:22です。 話す速さはゆっくりで、1分あたり約93語です。一つ一つの音をまねる余裕があります。 単語の87%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれるため、語彙は分かりやすいです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| citizen 名詞 | /ˈsɪtɪzən/ | 市民 |
| farmer 名詞 | /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/ | 農夫, 農家 |
| liberty 名詞 | /ˈlɪbəti/ | 自由 |
| explore 動詞 | /ɪkˈsploɹ/ | 探検する |
| presidency 名詞 | /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/ | 大統領職, 社長職 |
| earn 動詞 | /ɝn/ | 稼ぐ, 得る |
| lesson 名詞 | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | 授業, 学科 |
| guarantee 名詞 | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | 保証 |
| happiness 名詞 | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | 幸福, 幸せ |
| anger 名詞 | /ˈæŋɡə/ | 怒り, 忿怒 |
| disaster 名詞 | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | 災害, 天災 |
| jazz 名詞 | /d͡ʒæz/ | ジャズ |
| permit 動詞 | /pɚˈmɪt/ | 許可する, 許す |
| slavery 名詞 | /ˈsleɪvəɹi/ | 奴隷制度 |
| wealthy 形容詞 | /ˈwɛl.θi/ | 裕福な, 豊かな |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| give up 動詞 | 降服する | |
| grow up 動詞 | 成長する, 大人に成る | |
| warm up 動詞 | /ˌwɔː(ɹ)m ˈʌp/ | 温まる |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | were permitted · are created · had been fought |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | People who grew · men who owned · people who formed |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | has also changed · have used · have shaped |
注意したい発音
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, exploration /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/, musician /mjuˈzɪʃən/, dedication /ˌdɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: presidency /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, exploration /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/, productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: explore /ɪkˈsploɹ/, slavery /ˈsleɪvəɹi/, exploration /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: slavery /ˈsleɪvəɹi/, productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, archive /ˈɑɹˌkaɪv/, revolt /ɹɪˈvoʊlt/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: farmer /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/, battlefield /ˈbætəlˌfiːld/, furnish /ˈfɝnɪʃ/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。citizen, farmer, libertyなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。