Shadowing Practice: American History - Part 001 - Overview - - Learn English Speaking with Video
בחר מצב תרגול
כל מצב פותח חדר תרגול במסך מלא.
106 משפטים
אם המשפטים קצרים או ארוכים מדי, לחץ על ערוך כדי להתאים אותם.
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It started in May of 1969.
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Some people can remember when The Making of a Nation was on the radio two times a week.
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People who grew up listening to it are old enough now to listen with their own children, or even their grandchildren.
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The series tells a story.
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You can think of it not just as a series of programs about the history of America and its people,
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but a series of lessons.
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The subjects include exploration, revolution, civil war, social and political change,
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the rise of industry and modern technology, and more.
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We ended last week at program number 238.
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The subject was the presidential election of 2004.
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As time adds to the story, we add new programs to the series.
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In a sense, the making of a nation is a living history.
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Yet, some of the announcers are no longer even alive after all these years.
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Here and there, too, the language may sound a little dated.
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For example, some of the programs call black people Negroes.
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The use of that term may be historically correct, but today the socially accepted name is African American.
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Technology has also changed.
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Today, the making of the nation is not just on radio, but also on the Internet.
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At voaspecialenglish .com, you can download MP3 files and transcripts.
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That way, you can listen anytime or anyplace and read along.
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The site also includes archives in case you ever miss a program.
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So how was the nation made?
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Why did loyal citizens rebel against one nation and start their own, with different laws?
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The Making of a Nation answers these and other questions about American history.
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We tell the story of how a group of farmers,
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businessmen, and lawyers wrote a document they called the Constitution of the United States.
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On September 17, 1787, delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia met one last time to sign it.
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We explain why that document is still extremely important today, and not just to Americans.
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Other governments have used it as a guide to creating a modern democracy.
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We explore why the writers of the Constitution included guarantees of freedom of speech
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and religion and the right to a fair and public trial.
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We also talk about the reasons for the American Revolution.
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One of the most important was the idea that citizens of a country should have a voice in its decisions.
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British citizens in the American colonies paid taxes, but had no representatives in the British Parliament.
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Taxation without representation led to growing anger in the American colonies.
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The leaders of the revolt made important changes.
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They decided that any free citizen could be a candidate for public office,
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and they made sure that all free men who owned land and paid taxes were permitted to vote.
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Not until 1920 did the Constitution give women the right to vote.
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Later, another change lowered the voting age for Americans from twenty -one to 18.
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Our programs explain the thinking behind these and other rights.
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They also tell the story of each presidential election and presidency in American history.
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The Making of a Nation explores the good and the bad in American history. For example,
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how could slavery exist in a nation whose people declared that all men are created equal and with a right to life,
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liberty, and the pursuit of happiness?
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Many programs tell about the ideas and issues that have shaped the United States.
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But most importantly, they tell about the people.
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For example, George Washington was a farmer before he became a military commander.
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He became president because the citizens of the new country wanted him as their first leader.
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After two terms, he gave up power by his own choice.
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He once again became a farmer and a private citizen.
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In his Fairwell Address in 1796, he warned Americans about the dangers of political parties.
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Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.
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It told the world that the people of this new country would no longer answer to a European ruler.
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Some of the people who formed the United States into a nation during the 1700s were well -educated and wealthy.
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Abraham Lincoln was not.
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Still, he grew up to become president.
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Abraham Lincoln became president during the 1860s
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when several southern states decided they no longer wanted to be part of the United States.
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We tell how
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President Lincoln dealt with the terrible civil war that almost split the country apart.
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One of our programs deals with a speech he gave in the little town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
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A great battle had been fought there.
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President Lincoln had been asked to come to Gettysburg to say a few words at the dedication of a military burial place.
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The speech was short.
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President Lincoln honored the young men who had died on that bloody battlefield.
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He also told the world why the terrible war was being fought and why it was so important.
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Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation,
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conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
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Those words were just the first sentence.
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After President Lincoln wrote the speech, he felt sad.
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He considered it a failure.
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In fact, his words earned the respect of history.
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You can hear the full Gettysburg Address in our programs about the life and presidency of Abraham Lincoln.
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the making of a nation touches on many different subjects one of them is social change
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for example we tell about the changes that took place in the 1920s, known as the Roaring Twenties.
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Many young people decided they no longer needed to follow the conservative traditions of their parents and grandparents.
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This was the age of jazz.
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Who furnishes the Lock, Red Hot Chicago?
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Musicians with ambitions to warm up an orchestration.
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But music and social values were not the only things changing.
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The Roaring Twenties were also a time of fast -moving economic change.
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Productivity grew sharply.
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At the same time, the divide between rich and poor
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Americans grew wider.
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By the end of the Roaring Twenties, the economy was ready to collapse.
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Then, in October of 1929, the stock market crashed.
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What followed was an economic disaster worse than any the modern world has ever known.
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We examined the causes of the Great Depression and how it affected
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Americans and the rest of the world.
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We tell the story of people who lost their jobs, their homes, and their hope for the future.
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Franklin Roosevelt was elected with a promise to bring the country out of the Depression.
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On March 4, 1933, he was inaugurated to his first of four terms.
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He served longer than any other president in American history.
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We discuss Roosevelt's New Deal programs and his leadership during
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World War II.
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But not all of the subjects on The Making of a Nation are so serious.
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We also look at the history of American popular culture and subjects like the rise of high technology.
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Something for everyone.
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Today's news is not only tomorrow's history.
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It will also become part of the making of a nation.
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But for now, we start again from the beginning.
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I'm Shirley Griffith And I'm Steve Ember Join us at this time next week
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and every week as we go back in time
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Listen on radio or online at voaspecialenglish .com as we bring you
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The Making of a Nation in VOA Special English
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה מבוסס על הסרטון “American History - Part 001 - Overview -”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: nation, program, Lincoln, citizen, subject. בסרטון הזה יש 106 משפטים ו-1237 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 13:22. הדובר מדבר לאט, כ-93 מילים בדקה, כך שיש זמן לחקות כל צליל. 87% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית, כך שקל לעקוב אחרי אוצר המילים.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 מילים מהסרטון שכדאי ללמוד, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| citizen שם עצם | /ˈsɪtɪzən/ | אֶזרָח |
| farmer שם עצם | /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/ | אִכָּר, איכר |
| liberty שם עצם | /ˈlɪbəti/ | חרות |
| explore פועל | /ɪkˈsploɹ/ | חיפש, חיפש לברר |
| presidency שם עצם | /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/ | נְשִׂיאוּת |
| lesson שם עצם | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | שיעור, שִׁעוּר |
| guarantee שם עצם | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | עַרְבוּת |
| happiness שם עצם | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | אושר \ אֹשֶׁר |
| anger שם עצם | /ˈæŋɡə/ | כַּעַס |
| disaster שם עצם | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | אָסוֹן |
| jazz שם עצם | /d͡ʒæz/ | ג׳אז, ג׳ז |
| permit פועל | /pɚˈmɪt/ | הִתִּיר, הִרְשָׁה |
| slavery שם עצם | /ˈsleɪvəɹi/ | עַבדוּת |
| wealthy שם תואר | /ˈwɛl.θi/ | אָמִיד |
| loyal שם תואר | /ˈlɔɪəl/ | נֶאֱמָן |
Phrasal verbs שתשמעו
| מילה | משמעות |
|---|---|
| give up פועל | וִתֵּר |
| grow up פועל | גָּדַל |
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | were permitted · are created · had been fought |
| משפטי זיקה (Relative clauses) who / which + clause — מידע נוסף על אדם או דבר | People who grew · men who owned · people who formed |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | has also changed · have used · have shaped |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, exploration /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/, musician /mjuˈzɪʃən/, dedication /ˌdɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: presidency /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, exploration /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/, productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/, warn /woɹn/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: guarantee /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/, happiness /ˈhæpinɪs/, anger /ˈæŋɡə/, jazz /d͡ʒæz/, collapse /kəˈlæps/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: farmer /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/, explore /ɪkˈsploɹ/, presidency /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/, guarantee /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט במהירות רגילה, וחזרו על כל משפט עד שהקצב שלכם תואם את הדובר.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו citizen, farmer, liberty.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.