Prática de Shadowing: American History - Part 001 - Overview - - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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It started in May of 1969.
Tudo começou em maio de 1969.
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Some people can remember when The Making of a Nation was on the radio two times a week.
Algumas pessoas se lembram de quando o programa The Making of a Nation ia ao ar no rádio duas vezes por semana.
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People who grew up listening to it are old enough now to listen with their own children, or even their grandchildren.
As pessoas que cresceram ouvindo essa música agora têm idade suficiente para ouvi-la com seus próprios filhos, ou até mesmo com seus netos.
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The series tells a story.
A série conta uma história.
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You can think of it not just as a series of programs about the history of America and its people,
Você pode pensar nisso não apenas como uma série de programas sobre a história da América e de seu povo,
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but a series of lessons.
mas uma série de lições.
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The subjects include exploration, revolution, civil war, social and political change,
Os temas incluem exploração, revolução, guerra civil, mudança social e política,
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the rise of industry and modern technology, and more.
a ascensão da indústria e da tecnologia moderna, e muito mais.
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We ended last week at program number 238.
Terminamos a semana passada no programa número 238.
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The subject was the presidential election of 2004.
O assunto era a eleição presidencial de 2004.
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As time adds to the story, we add new programs to the series.
À medida que o tempo acrescenta à história, nós adicionamos novos programas à série.
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In a sense, the making of a nation is a living history.
Em certo sentido, a formação de uma nação é uma história viva.
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Yet, some of the announcers are no longer even alive after all these years.
No entanto, alguns dos locutores já não estão mais vivos depois de todos esses anos.
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Here and there, too, the language may sound a little dated.
Aqui e ali, também, a linguagem pode soar um pouco datada.
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For example, some of the programs call black people Negroes.
Por exemplo, alguns dos programas chamam pessoas negras de "negroes".
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The use of that term may be historically correct, but today the socially accepted name is African American.
O uso desse termo pode ser historicamente correto, mas hoje o nome socialmente aceito é afro-americano.
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Technology has also changed.
A tecnologia também mudou.
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Today, the making of the nation is not just on radio, but also on the Internet.
Hoje, a construção da nação não ocorre apenas no rádio, mas também na internet.
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At voaspecialenglish .com, you can download MP3 files and transcripts.
No site voaspecialenglish.com, você pode baixar arquivos MP3 e transcrições.
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That way, you can listen anytime or anyplace and read along.
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The site also includes archives in case you ever miss a program.
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So how was the nation made?
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Why did loyal citizens rebel against one nation and start their own, with different laws?
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The Making of a Nation answers these and other questions about American history.
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We tell the story of how a group of farmers,
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businessmen, and lawyers wrote a document they called the Constitution of the United States.
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On September 17, 1787, delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia met one last time to sign it.
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We explain why that document is still extremely important today, and not just to Americans.
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Other governments have used it as a guide to creating a modern democracy.
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We explore why the writers of the Constitution included guarantees of freedom of speech
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and religion and the right to a fair and public trial.
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We also talk about the reasons for the American Revolution.
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One of the most important was the idea that citizens of a country should have a voice in its decisions.
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British citizens in the American colonies paid taxes, but had no representatives in the British Parliament.
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Taxation without representation led to growing anger in the American colonies.
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The leaders of the revolt made important changes.
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They decided that any free citizen could be a candidate for public office,
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and they made sure that all free men who owned land and paid taxes were permitted to vote.
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Not until 1920 did the Constitution give women the right to vote.
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Later, another change lowered the voting age for Americans from twenty -one to 18.
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Our programs explain the thinking behind these and other rights.
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They also tell the story of each presidential election and presidency in American history.
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The Making of a Nation explores the good and the bad in American history. For example,
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how could slavery exist in a nation whose people declared that all men are created equal and with a right to life,
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liberty, and the pursuit of happiness?
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Many programs tell about the ideas and issues that have shaped the United States.
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But most importantly, they tell about the people.
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For example, George Washington was a farmer before he became a military commander.
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He became president because the citizens of the new country wanted him as their first leader.
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After two terms, he gave up power by his own choice.
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He once again became a farmer and a private citizen.
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In his Fairwell Address in 1796, he warned Americans about the dangers of political parties.
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Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.
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It told the world that the people of this new country would no longer answer to a European ruler.
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Some of the people who formed the United States into a nation during the 1700s were well -educated and wealthy.
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Abraham Lincoln was not.
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Still, he grew up to become president.
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Abraham Lincoln became president during the 1860s
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when several southern states decided they no longer wanted to be part of the United States.
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We tell how
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President Lincoln dealt with the terrible civil war that almost split the country apart.
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One of our programs deals with a speech he gave in the little town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
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A great battle had been fought there.
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President Lincoln had been asked to come to Gettysburg to say a few words at the dedication of a military burial place.
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The speech was short.
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President Lincoln honored the young men who had died on that bloody battlefield.
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He also told the world why the terrible war was being fought and why it was so important.
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Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation,
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conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
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Those words were just the first sentence.
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After President Lincoln wrote the speech, he felt sad.
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He considered it a failure.
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In fact, his words earned the respect of history.
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You can hear the full Gettysburg Address in our programs about the life and presidency of Abraham Lincoln.
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the making of a nation touches on many different subjects one of them is social change
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for example we tell about the changes that took place in the 1920s, known as the Roaring Twenties.
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Many young people decided they no longer needed to follow the conservative traditions of their parents and grandparents.
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This was the age of jazz.
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Who furnishes the Lock, Red Hot Chicago?
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Musicians with ambitions to warm up an orchestration.
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But music and social values were not the only things changing.
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The Roaring Twenties were also a time of fast -moving economic change.
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Productivity grew sharply.
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At the same time, the divide between rich and poor
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Americans grew wider.
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By the end of the Roaring Twenties, the economy was ready to collapse.
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Then, in October of 1929, the stock market crashed.
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What followed was an economic disaster worse than any the modern world has ever known.
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We examined the causes of the Great Depression and how it affected
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Americans and the rest of the world.
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We tell the story of people who lost their jobs, their homes, and their hope for the future.
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Franklin Roosevelt was elected with a promise to bring the country out of the Depression.
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On March 4, 1933, he was inaugurated to his first of four terms.
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He served longer than any other president in American history.
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We discuss Roosevelt's New Deal programs and his leadership during
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World War II.
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But not all of the subjects on The Making of a Nation are so serious.
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We also look at the history of American popular culture and subjects like the rise of high technology.
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Something for everyone.
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Today's news is not only tomorrow's history.
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It will also become part of the making of a nation.
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But for now, we start again from the beginning.
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I'm Shirley Griffith And I'm Steve Ember Join us at this time next week
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and every week as we go back in time
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Listen on radio or online at voaspecialenglish .com as we bring you
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The Making of a Nation in VOA Special English
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “American History - Part 001 - Overview -”. As palavras que mais se repetem: nation, program, Lincoln, citizen, subject. Este vídeo tem 106 frases e 1237 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 13:22. O falante fala devagar, cerca de 93 palavras por minuto, o que dá tempo para imitar cada som. 87% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é fácil de acompanhar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| citizen substantivo | /ˈsɪtɪzən/ | citadino, citadina |
| farmer substantivo | /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/ | agricultor, fazendeiro |
| liberty substantivo | /ˈlɪbəti/ | liberdade |
| explore verbo | /ɪkˈsploɹ/ | explorar |
| presidency substantivo | /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/ | presidência |
| earn verbo | /ɝn/ | receber |
| lesson substantivo | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | lição |
| guarantee substantivo | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | garantia |
| happiness substantivo | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | felicidade, alegria |
| anger substantivo | /ˈæŋɡə/ | raiva, ira |
| disaster substantivo | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | desastre |
| representation substantivo | /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/ | representação |
| jazz substantivo | /d͡ʒæz/ | jazz |
| permit verbo | /pɚˈmɪt/ | permitir, deixar |
| slavery substantivo | /ˈsleɪvəɹi/ | escravidão, escravatura |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| give up verbo | render-se | |
| grow up verbo | crescer | |
| warm up verbo | /ˌwɔː(ɹ)m ˈʌp/ | aquecer, esquentar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | were permitted · are created · had been fought |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | People who grew · men who owned · people who formed |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has also changed · have used · have shaped |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, exploration /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/, musician /mjuˈzɪʃən/, dedication /ˌdɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: presidency /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, exploration /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/, productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: permit /pɚˈmɪt/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, pursuit /pɝˈsut/, continent /ˈkɑntɪnənt/, elect /ɪˈlɛkt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: loyal /ˈlɔɪəl/, rebel /ˈɹɛb.əl/, burial /ˈbɛɹi.əl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: happiness /ˈhæpinɪs/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como citizen, farmer, liberty.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.