Практика Shadowing: American History - Part 001 - Overview - - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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It started in May of 1969.
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Some people can remember when The Making of a Nation was on the radio two times a week.
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People who grew up listening to it are old enough now to listen with their own children, or even their grandchildren.
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The series tells a story.
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You can think of it not just as a series of programs about the history of America and its people,
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but a series of lessons.
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The subjects include exploration, revolution, civil war, social and political change,
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the rise of industry and modern technology, and more.
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We ended last week at program number 238.
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The subject was the presidential election of 2004.
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As time adds to the story, we add new programs to the series.
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In a sense, the making of a nation is a living history.
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Yet, some of the announcers are no longer even alive after all these years.
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Here and there, too, the language may sound a little dated.
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For example, some of the programs call black people Negroes.
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The use of that term may be historically correct, but today the socially accepted name is African American.
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Technology has also changed.
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Today, the making of the nation is not just on radio, but also on the Internet.
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At voaspecialenglish .com, you can download MP3 files and transcripts.
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That way, you can listen anytime or anyplace and read along.
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The site also includes archives in case you ever miss a program.
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So how was the nation made?
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Why did loyal citizens rebel against one nation and start their own, with different laws?
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The Making of a Nation answers these and other questions about American history.
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We tell the story of how a group of farmers,
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businessmen, and lawyers wrote a document they called the Constitution of the United States.
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On September 17, 1787, delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia met one last time to sign it.
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We explain why that document is still extremely important today, and not just to Americans.
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Other governments have used it as a guide to creating a modern democracy.
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We explore why the writers of the Constitution included guarantees of freedom of speech
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and religion and the right to a fair and public trial.
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We also talk about the reasons for the American Revolution.
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One of the most important was the idea that citizens of a country should have a voice in its decisions.
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British citizens in the American colonies paid taxes, but had no representatives in the British Parliament.
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Taxation without representation led to growing anger in the American colonies.
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The leaders of the revolt made important changes.
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They decided that any free citizen could be a candidate for public office,
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and they made sure that all free men who owned land and paid taxes were permitted to vote.
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Not until 1920 did the Constitution give women the right to vote.
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Later, another change lowered the voting age for Americans from twenty -one to 18.
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Our programs explain the thinking behind these and other rights.
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They also tell the story of each presidential election and presidency in American history.
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The Making of a Nation explores the good and the bad in American history. For example,
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how could slavery exist in a nation whose people declared that all men are created equal and with a right to life,
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liberty, and the pursuit of happiness?
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Many programs tell about the ideas and issues that have shaped the United States.
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But most importantly, they tell about the people.
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For example, George Washington was a farmer before he became a military commander.
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He became president because the citizens of the new country wanted him as their first leader.
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After two terms, he gave up power by his own choice.
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He once again became a farmer and a private citizen.
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In his Fairwell Address in 1796, he warned Americans about the dangers of political parties.
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Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.
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It told the world that the people of this new country would no longer answer to a European ruler.
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Some of the people who formed the United States into a nation during the 1700s were well -educated and wealthy.
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Abraham Lincoln was not.
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Still, he grew up to become president.
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Abraham Lincoln became president during the 1860s
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when several southern states decided they no longer wanted to be part of the United States.
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We tell how
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President Lincoln dealt with the terrible civil war that almost split the country apart.
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One of our programs deals with a speech he gave in the little town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
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A great battle had been fought there.
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President Lincoln had been asked to come to Gettysburg to say a few words at the dedication of a military burial place.
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The speech was short.
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President Lincoln honored the young men who had died on that bloody battlefield.
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He also told the world why the terrible war was being fought and why it was so important.
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Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation,
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conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
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Those words were just the first sentence.
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After President Lincoln wrote the speech, he felt sad.
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He considered it a failure.
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In fact, his words earned the respect of history.
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You can hear the full Gettysburg Address in our programs about the life and presidency of Abraham Lincoln.
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the making of a nation touches on many different subjects one of them is social change
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for example we tell about the changes that took place in the 1920s, known as the Roaring Twenties.
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Many young people decided they no longer needed to follow the conservative traditions of their parents and grandparents.
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This was the age of jazz.
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Who furnishes the Lock, Red Hot Chicago?
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Musicians with ambitions to warm up an orchestration.
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But music and social values were not the only things changing.
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The Roaring Twenties were also a time of fast -moving economic change.
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Productivity grew sharply.
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At the same time, the divide between rich and poor
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Americans grew wider.
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By the end of the Roaring Twenties, the economy was ready to collapse.
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Then, in October of 1929, the stock market crashed.
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What followed was an economic disaster worse than any the modern world has ever known.
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We examined the causes of the Great Depression and how it affected
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Americans and the rest of the world.
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We tell the story of people who lost their jobs, their homes, and their hope for the future.
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Franklin Roosevelt was elected with a promise to bring the country out of the Depression.
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On March 4, 1933, he was inaugurated to his first of four terms.
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He served longer than any other president in American history.
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We discuss Roosevelt's New Deal programs and his leadership during
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World War II.
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But not all of the subjects on The Making of a Nation are so serious.
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We also look at the history of American popular culture and subjects like the rise of high technology.
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Something for everyone.
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Today's news is not only tomorrow's history.
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It will also become part of the making of a nation.
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But for now, we start again from the beginning.
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I'm Shirley Griffith And I'm Steve Ember Join us at this time next week
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and every week as we go back in time
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Listen on radio or online at voaspecialenglish .com as we bring you
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The Making of a Nation in VOA Special English
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «American History - Part 001 - Overview -». Чаще всего повторяются слова: nation, program, Lincoln, citizen, subject. В этом видео 106 предложений и 1237 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 13:22. Говорящий говорит медленно, около 93 слов в минуту, поэтому есть время повторить каждый звук. 87% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика простая.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| citizen существительное | /ˈsɪtɪzən/ | горожа́нин, горожа́нка |
| farmer существительное | /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/ | крестья́нин, фе́рмер |
| liberty существительное | /ˈlɪbəti/ | свобо́да |
| explore глагол | /ɪkˈsploɹ/ | иссле́довать |
| presidency существительное | /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/ | президе́нтство, председа́тельство |
| earn глагол | /ɝn/ | зараба́тывать, зарабо́тать |
| lesson существительное | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | уро́к, ле́кция |
| guarantee существительное | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | гара́нтия, пору́ка |
| happiness существительное | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | сча́стье, ра́дость |
| anger существительное | /ˈæŋɡə/ | гнев, злость |
| disaster существительное | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | бе́дствие, катастро́фа |
| jazz существительное | /d͡ʒæz/ | джаз |
| permit глагол | /pɚˈmɪt/ | позволя́ть, позво́лить |
| slavery существительное | /ˈsleɪvəɹi/ | ра́бство, нево́ля |
| wealthy прилагательное | /ˈwɛl.θi/ | бога́тый, состоя́тельный |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| give up глагол | сдава́ться, сда́ться | |
| grow up глагол | расти́, выраста́ть | |
| warm up глагол | /ˌwɔː(ɹ)m ˈʌp/ | нагрева́ться, нагре́ться |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | were permitted · are created · had been fought |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | People who grew · men who owned · people who formed |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | has also changed · have used · have shaped |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, exploration /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/, musician /mjuˈzɪʃən/, dedication /ˌdɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: presidency /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, exploration /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/, productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/, warn /woɹn/
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: happiness /ˈhæpinɪs/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: jazz /d͡ʒæz/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, archive /ˈɑɹˌkaɪv/, battlefield /ˈbætəlˌfiːld/, conceive /kənˈsiːv/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как citizen, farmer, liberty.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.