跟讀練習: American History - Part 001 - Overview - - 通過影片學習英語口語
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It started in May of 1969.
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Some people can remember when The Making of a Nation was on the radio two times a week.
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People who grew up listening to it are old enough now to listen with their own children, or even their grandchildren.
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The series tells a story.
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You can think of it not just as a series of programs about the history of America and its people,
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but a series of lessons.
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The subjects include exploration, revolution, civil war, social and political change,
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the rise of industry and modern technology, and more.
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We ended last week at program number 238.
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The subject was the presidential election of 2004.
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As time adds to the story, we add new programs to the series.
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In a sense, the making of a nation is a living history.
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Yet, some of the announcers are no longer even alive after all these years.
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Here and there, too, the language may sound a little dated.
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For example, some of the programs call black people Negroes.
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The use of that term may be historically correct, but today the socially accepted name is African American.
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Technology has also changed.
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Today, the making of the nation is not just on radio, but also on the Internet.
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At voaspecialenglish .com, you can download MP3 files and transcripts.
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That way, you can listen anytime or anyplace and read along.
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The site also includes archives in case you ever miss a program.
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So how was the nation made?
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Why did loyal citizens rebel against one nation and start their own, with different laws?
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The Making of a Nation answers these and other questions about American history.
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We tell the story of how a group of farmers,
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businessmen, and lawyers wrote a document they called the Constitution of the United States.
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On September 17, 1787, delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia met one last time to sign it.
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We explain why that document is still extremely important today, and not just to Americans.
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Other governments have used it as a guide to creating a modern democracy.
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We explore why the writers of the Constitution included guarantees of freedom of speech
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and religion and the right to a fair and public trial.
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We also talk about the reasons for the American Revolution.
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One of the most important was the idea that citizens of a country should have a voice in its decisions.
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British citizens in the American colonies paid taxes, but had no representatives in the British Parliament.
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Taxation without representation led to growing anger in the American colonies.
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The leaders of the revolt made important changes.
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They decided that any free citizen could be a candidate for public office,
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and they made sure that all free men who owned land and paid taxes were permitted to vote.
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Not until 1920 did the Constitution give women the right to vote.
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Later, another change lowered the voting age for Americans from twenty -one to 18.
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Our programs explain the thinking behind these and other rights.
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They also tell the story of each presidential election and presidency in American history.
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The Making of a Nation explores the good and the bad in American history. For example,
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how could slavery exist in a nation whose people declared that all men are created equal and with a right to life,
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liberty, and the pursuit of happiness?
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Many programs tell about the ideas and issues that have shaped the United States.
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But most importantly, they tell about the people.
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For example, George Washington was a farmer before he became a military commander.
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He became president because the citizens of the new country wanted him as their first leader.
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After two terms, he gave up power by his own choice.
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He once again became a farmer and a private citizen.
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In his Fairwell Address in 1796, he warned Americans about the dangers of political parties.
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Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.
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It told the world that the people of this new country would no longer answer to a European ruler.
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Some of the people who formed the United States into a nation during the 1700s were well -educated and wealthy.
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Abraham Lincoln was not.
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Still, he grew up to become president.
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Abraham Lincoln became president during the 1860s
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when several southern states decided they no longer wanted to be part of the United States.
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We tell how
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President Lincoln dealt with the terrible civil war that almost split the country apart.
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One of our programs deals with a speech he gave in the little town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
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A great battle had been fought there.
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President Lincoln had been asked to come to Gettysburg to say a few words at the dedication of a military burial place.
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The speech was short.
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President Lincoln honored the young men who had died on that bloody battlefield.
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He also told the world why the terrible war was being fought and why it was so important.
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Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation,
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conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
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Those words were just the first sentence.
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After President Lincoln wrote the speech, he felt sad.
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He considered it a failure.
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In fact, his words earned the respect of history.
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You can hear the full Gettysburg Address in our programs about the life and presidency of Abraham Lincoln.
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the making of a nation touches on many different subjects one of them is social change
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for example we tell about the changes that took place in the 1920s, known as the Roaring Twenties.
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Many young people decided they no longer needed to follow the conservative traditions of their parents and grandparents.
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This was the age of jazz.
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Who furnishes the Lock, Red Hot Chicago?
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Musicians with ambitions to warm up an orchestration.
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But music and social values were not the only things changing.
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The Roaring Twenties were also a time of fast -moving economic change.
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Productivity grew sharply.
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At the same time, the divide between rich and poor
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Americans grew wider.
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By the end of the Roaring Twenties, the economy was ready to collapse.
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Then, in October of 1929, the stock market crashed.
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What followed was an economic disaster worse than any the modern world has ever known.
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We examined the causes of the Great Depression and how it affected
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Americans and the rest of the world.
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We tell the story of people who lost their jobs, their homes, and their hope for the future.
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Franklin Roosevelt was elected with a promise to bring the country out of the Depression.
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On March 4, 1933, he was inaugurated to his first of four terms.
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He served longer than any other president in American history.
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We discuss Roosevelt's New Deal programs and his leadership during
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World War II.
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But not all of the subjects on The Making of a Nation are so serious.
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We also look at the history of American popular culture and subjects like the rise of high technology.
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Something for everyone.
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Today's news is not only tomorrow's history.
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It will also become part of the making of a nation.
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But for now, we start again from the beginning.
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I'm Shirley Griffith And I'm Steve Ember Join us at this time next week
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and every week as we go back in time
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Listen on radio or online at voaspecialenglish .com as we bring you
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The Making of a Nation in VOA Special English
FOR YOU
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“American History - Part 001 - Overview -”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：nation, program, Lincoln, citizen, subject。 這段影片共有 106 個句子、1237 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 13:22。 說話人語速較慢，每分鐘約 93 個詞，你有足夠的時間模仿每一個音。 87% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙容易理解。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| citizen 名詞 | /ˈsɪtɪzən/ | 市民 |
| farmer 名詞 | /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/ | 農夫 /農夫, 農民 /農民 |
| liberty 名詞 | /ˈlɪbəti/ | 自由 |
| explore 動詞 | /ɪkˈsploɹ/ | 探索, 探險 /探險 |
| presidency 名詞 | /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/ | 主席席位 |
| earn 動詞 | /ɝn/ | 掙 /掙, 賺 /賺 |
| lesson 名詞 | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | 課業 /課業, -課 /-課 |
| guarantee 名詞 | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | 保證 /保證 |
| happiness 名詞 | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | 幸福, 快樂 /快樂 |
| anger 名詞 | /ˈæŋɡə/ | 發怒 /發怒, 忿怒 |
| disaster 名詞 | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | 災難 /災難, 災害 /災害 |
| jazz 名詞 | /d͡ʒæz/ | 爵士樂 /爵士樂, 爵士 |
| permit 動詞 | /pɚˈmɪt/ | 允許 /允許, 許可 /許可 |
| slavery 名詞 | /ˈsleɪvəɹi/ | 奴隸制度 /奴隸制度 |
| wealthy 形容詞 | /ˈwɛl.θi/ | 富有, 富裕 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| give up 動詞 | 投案, 自首 | |
| grow up 動詞 | 長大 /長大 | |
| warm up 動詞 | /ˌwɔː(ɹ)m ˈʌp/ | 暖和（起來） /暖和（起來） |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | were permitted · are created · had been fought |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | People who grew · men who owned · people who formed |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | has also changed · have used · have shaped |
需要注意的發音
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, exploration /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/, musician /mjuˈzɪʃən/, dedication /ˌdɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: presidency /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, exploration /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/, productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: slavery /ˈsleɪvəɹi/, productivity /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, archive /ˈɑɹˌkaɪv/, revolt /ɹɪˈvoʊlt/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: happiness /ˈhæpinɪs/, jazz /d͡ʒæz/, permit /pɚˈmɪt/, collapse /kəˈlæps/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: explore /ɪkˈsploɹ/, slavery /ˈsleɪvəɹi/, exploration /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 citizen, farmer, liberty 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。