シャドーイング練習: Learn English by making mistakes - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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1
What is freedom?
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Where does it come from?
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Freedom is the same as love
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When we love something, we can't bear to see it tempered.
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A free person chooses who to love, what to wear, and where to live.
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A free person has the right to do whatever they want.
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To create their own set of rules for life to say, think, and act without limits.
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But the concept of freedom is not that simple.
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There are limits to our freedoms.
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We are not allowed to drive too fast, damage other people's property, or kill people.
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And as a society, we accept these limits to our freedoms because we have decided that they are necessary and good.
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But how did we decide that?
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How do we know what is good and bad?
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This question is something that philosophy has asked for thousands of years.
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but we can all agree on one thing mistakes are bad our mistakes are punished from the moment
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we are able to make them mistakes keep us up at night mistakes
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we made in high school make our faces flush red
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when we think of them mistakes are the red crosses on exams mistakes cost us opportunities
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and jobs and why why do we always keep making the same mistakes
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but what if mistakes are connected to freedom Gandhi said freedom is not worth having
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if it does not include the freedom to make mistakes
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but I would go a step further and say
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that mistakes are a necessary part of freedom in fact they are a sign
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that freedom is functioning and healthy but why
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because mistakes are always a result of choices you can only make mistakes if you have the freedom to choose poorly.
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A person who doesn't make mistakes is a person who makes no choices.
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That person is not free.
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Now, all of this might seem completely unrelated to language learning, but it's not.
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So many students are not free.
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Prisoners in their own minds, enslaved by their education.
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How many times have you rejected your freedom and avoided a conversation
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or not put your hand up or not shared your idea because you were worried about making a mistake?
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The mistake of not having the right answer or the right accent
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or the right level or the right passport or the right color skin
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and I understand as adults
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we have reached a point in our lives where we are afraid of making mistakes we avoid them
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and we choose to do things that we know we can succeed at but every time you avoid making a mistake,
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you avoid learning because every good teacher knows and the research shows that all learning occurs by mistakes.
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Getting fluent in English will require you to make millions of mistakes,
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so the level of your English directly reflects how many you have made
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if someone has a higher level of English than you it's because they made more mistakes and you haven't experienced all
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of the painful learning experiences that they have.
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So making newer and bigger mistakes more often is a sign that you're learning.
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Now, I want to make something clear.
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I am not saying that you should ignore your mistakes.
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Quite the opposite.
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The research shows that being aware of your mistakes is vital to avoid repeating them in the future
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but you have to give your attention
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and energy to the right kinds of mistakes as a teacher I encounter hundreds of mistakes every day
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but I hardly correct any of them I know from bitter experience
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that if I corrected every single mistake I would kill the motivation and the fluency of my students.
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Now to help you think differently about mistakes I want to introduce you to the mistakes pyramid.
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At the top of the pyramid we have the mistakes that are the least common but the most serious,
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mistakes that cause offence.
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Under that we have another type of mistake, mistakes that cause understanding problems.
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And finally we have the most common type of mistake, the type that causes no problems with communication.
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These are the mistakes that you should focus on the least.
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They don't affect communication and studies have shown
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that the people you're communicating with won't even notice them because people's brains only care about meaning.
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But unfortunately they are the mistakes that are the focus of every bad grammar book,
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every bad exam and every bad YouTube lesson.
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And they also invade and imprison the minds of many learners.
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Bad English teaching tells you that there is only one right way to express something.
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It tells you that if you follow the rules, you won't make mistakes.
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It tells you to stop making choices.
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It tells you to give up your freedom.
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But the characteristic of language that makes it so special is that it is infinite.
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It is infinite because it is made up of pieces that we combine to express every thought,
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idea, and feeling.
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It is infinite because we are free to combine those pieces as we like.
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And that makes language a true democracy.
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So next time you want to say, I can't, because you are worried about making mistakes,
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just remember that those words mean you have the freedom to make mistakes.
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And that freedom is incredibly precious.
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And you have a duty to exercise that freedom because it was earned by the blood,
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sweat and tears of your ancestors.
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You should never give it up or take it for granted.
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I want to finish this video by telling you an ancient story.
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Once there was a woman who collected water from the river every day using two large jugs.
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One of the jugs had a crack in it, while the other jug was perfect.
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The perfect jug was always full of water at the end of the long walk from the river to the house.
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But the cracked jug only arrived half -full.
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This continued every day, with the woman carrying only one and a half jugs full of water to the house.
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The perfect jug was proud of itself, perfect for the task for which it was made.
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But the cracked jug was ashamed of its own imperfection,
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and miserable that it was able to accomplish only half of what it had been made to do.
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One day, the cracked jug spoke to the woman.
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I am ashamed of myself, and I want to apologize to you.
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Why? asked the woman.
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What are you ashamed of?
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For all these years I've only been able to deliver half of my potential because of this crack in my side
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Because of my imperfections you do all the work and you don't get full value from your efforts
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The woman smiled and she said
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Next time we walk to the house I want you to notice the beautiful flowers on your side of the path
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Next time they went up the hill the cracked jug saw
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the sun warming the wild flowers on its side of the path
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and realized that it was responsible for watering those beautiful flowers every day.
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Your English might not be perfect, but just think about the beauty that you are going to bring to the world with your imperfections.
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Thank you.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Learn English by making mistakes」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：mistake, freedom, jug, learning, English。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が8文、単語が1218語あります。 音声の長さは10:56です。 話す速さは1分あたり約111語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の87%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれるため、語彙は分かりやすいです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| crack 名詞 | /kɹæk/ | ひび, 亀裂 |
| flower 名詞 | /ˈfloʊɚ/ | 花 |
| infinite 形容詞 | /ˈɪnfɪnɪt/ | 途方もない, 巨大な |
| ashamed 形容詞 | /əˈʃeɪmd/ | 恥ずかしい |
| combine 動詞 | /kəmˈbaɪn/ | 合わせる, 結び付ける |
| pyramid 名詞 | /ˈpɪɹ.ə.mɪd/ | ピラミッド, 金字塔 |
| earn 動詞 | /ɝn/ | 稼ぐ, 得る |
| ignore 動詞 | /ɪɡˈnɔː/ | 無視する, 忽略する |
| lesson 名詞 | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | 授業, 学科 |
| occur 動詞 | /əˈkɜː/ | 起こる, 起る |
| reflect 動詞 | /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ | 跳ね返す, 反射する |
| arrive 動詞 | /əˈɹaɪv/ | 着く, 到着する |
| connect 動詞 | /kəˈnɛkt/ | 繋げる |
| collect 動詞 | /ˈkɑlɪkt/ | 集める, 収集する |
| introduce 動詞 | /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ | 紹介する, 引き合わせる |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| give up 動詞 | 降服する |
| go up 動詞 | 上がる, 登る |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 条件文 if + 節, will/would + 動詞 — 条件とその結果 | if you follow the rules, you won't make |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have decided · has asked · have reached |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | are not allowed · are punished · are connected |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | person who doesn · woman who collected |
注意したい発音
話し手はcan't, don't, won'tなど、短縮形や弱形を11回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, accomplish /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/, punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, poorly /ˈpʊɹ.li/, miserable /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹəbəl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: arrive /əˈɹaɪv/, vital /ˈvaɪtəl/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/, invade /ɪnˈveɪd/, enslave /ɪnˈsleɪv/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: flower /ˈfloʊɚ/, infinite /ˈɪnfɪnɪt/, reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/, painful /ˈpeɪn.fl̩/, offense /əˈfɛns/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。crack, flower, infiniteなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。