シャドーイング練習: Lifting the Down Cow | Down Cows Tutorial - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Lifting the cow is an important part of both the assessment and the nursing of the downer cow.

When you first got the cow, if you can lift the cow up

you get a much better idea of what sort of damage there might be

and how severely affected she is

when you lift her up to see what she can do on each of her four limbs.

As well as

that, a cow that's sitting on the ground for a number

of days will get pressure to the muscles of the legs and get lack of circulation.

So lifting her up is important to allow the circulation to occur and that becomes an important part of the healing process.

Lots of different ways you can lift them.

The common way is the hip clamp which are readily available and reasonably cheap.

You can get a variety of slings and you also go to water baths

which are very good but quite expensive and fairly limited in how they're used.

So hip clamps are quite common.

You can buy them for a couple of hundred dollars at most retail stores

and there's a few things that you have to make sure you do and don't do.

So when we're putting them on,

we put them onto the bony part of the pelvis like this and we need to secure it nice and firmly.

Put it on firmly, if it's a bit too

loose when you pick her up you might end up fracturing off the point of the pelvis

and doing more harm than if you put it on tighter.

I like to put it on firmly but obviously not grossly over tight.

That secures it from there and then we bring our tractor in and we pick the cow up.

So when we lift that cow, that cow's stood quite easily and taken her weight quickly, which is fantastic.

You might have noticed that she knuckled over on this leg, which is a sign of one of the parts of the paralysis that she had.

So it's important to try and position that to get it back to make her standing weight properly.

This is excellent because the cow is able to take her full weight.

We've now taken the slack out of it, and all the clamp is doing is balancing her after lifting her.

She's not fully supported by that.

If the cow is not able to stand taking a reasonable percentage of her weight, so she's fully supported on that,

you're going to get a lot of damage around the hips, and the damage from that can make the cow very sore,

and after a few days she's in so much pain she won't want to stand, and then she'll give up.

So if she's not sanding effectively, it's not worth lifting the cow at all.

You'll do more damage than what you will good.

Some farmers think that if the cow is up, even if she's fully supported by the clamp,

so basically she's dangling by the clamp with the clamp taking all of the weight, they think that's good because it's getting circulation here.

No, it's not.

It's not doing anything effective at all and it's being counterproductive and making it more of an issue with pain,

more complications and have less likely of success.

If a cow can't take a reasonable percentage of her weight and can't stand effectively, don't lift her at all.

Just continue to roll her a number of times during the day and leave her two or three days before trying again.

Hopefully in that time she's stronger and will be better able to stand.

The other key rule with lifting is to make sure that it's supervised.

Now what I mean by that, I don't mean you have to stand there looking at it the whole time,

but you need to be able to keep coming back to the cow regularly to see if she is still standing effectively.

If we get a cow up standing effective like this and then go off for a couple of hours, a lot of cows tire quite quickly,

and you might find 10 minutes after you've gone, she's got tired, she's then slopped down on the front legs,

and by that stage she's then fully taking the weight by the clamp, and that's then ineffective lifting,

and if she's being ineffectively lifted for a period of time, that will cause the damage and is counterproductive.

The length of time for lifting will depend on how long the cow is able to stand

and that will vary from each cow.

As they get stronger they tend to be able to stand for longer and whether you lift once,

twice or three times a day depends on how long the cow stands for.

Lifting at three or four times a day can sometimes be worse

because it causes too much damage to it but

if they're standing up effectively and only for five

or ten minutes it probably is good to lift her up two

or three times a day rather than just once whereas

if she's lifting and standing effectively for two or three hours once a day is more than adequate.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Lifting the Down Cow」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：cow, lifting, stand, clamp, lift。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が59文、単語が879語あります。音声の長さは4:13です。話す速さは速く、1分あたり約208語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。単語の87%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれるため、語彙は分かりやすいです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
percentage 名詞	/pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/	百分率, 百分比
depend 動詞	/dɪˈpɛnd/	依存する
occur 動詞	/əˈkɜː/	起こる, 起る
assessment 名詞	/əˈsɛsmənt/	評価
hip 名詞	/hɪp/	腰
bath 名詞	/bɑːθ/	湯船, 風呂
muscle 名詞	/ˈmʌs.əl/	筋肉, 筋
sand 名詞	/sænd/	砂
nurse 名詞	/nɝs/	看護師, 看護士
farmer 名詞	/ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/	農夫, 農家
cow 名詞	/kaʊ/	雌牛, 牛
heal 動詞	/ˈhiːl/	治す, 癒す
adequate 形容詞	/ˈæd.ə.kwɪt/	適当, 適切
tire 動詞	/ˈtaɪ̯ɚ/	疲れる
sore 形容詞	/soɹ/	痛い, 痛ましい

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
give up 動詞	降服する
stand up 動詞	立ち上がる

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	We've now taken · you've gone
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	clamp which are · leg, which is

注意したい発音

話し手はdon't, can't, they'reなど、短縮形や弱形を14回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「sh」と「zh」の音: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, complication /ˌkɑm.pləˈkeɪ.ʃən/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, reasonably /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/, ineffective /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɛk.tɪv/, counterproductive /ˌkaʊntəpɹəˈdʌktɪv/, complication /ˌkɑm.pləˈkeɪ.ʃən/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: reasonably /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/, readily /ˈɹɛdɪli/, grossly /ˈɡɹoʊsli/, paralysis /pəˈɹæləsəs/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: vary /ˈvɛəɹi/, ineffective /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɛk.tɪv/, counterproductive /ˌkaʊntəpɹəˈdʌktɪv/, pelvis /ˈpɛlvɪs/, supervise /ˈsuː.pə.vaɪz/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: firmly /ˈfɝmli/, farmer /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/, fracture /ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃʰəː/, ineffective /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɛk.tɪv/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。percentage, depend, occurなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Lifting the Down Cow | Down Cows Tutorial - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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