シャドーイング練習: Social mobility and education: DISCUSSION - BBC Newsnight - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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1
When you're teaching, how much priority do you find yourself giving to the more gifted disadvantaged students as opposed to the others?
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Well, it's not really as opposed to the others.
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It's got to be as well as the others.
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We can't just single out that one group.
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And, you know, philosophically and morally as a teacher, every student in the room is gifted.
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In terms of our higher ability, obviously, we do need to push as much as we can.
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Do you give them extra lessons?
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Do they hang about after school?
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Yes, we do.
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Do you try and give them...
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We look to do extra lessons after school.
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It is an issue for us because of funding and because of staffing.
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Being able to actually afford that resource is an issue for us.
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We put on extra classes during registration times, throughout the day as well.
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At certain times of the year, we might collapse a subject and intensify our maths and English and so on.
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Of the kind of set who are being represented in this documentary, of the more academically bright students,
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let's say, from the less advantaged backgrounds, preschool meals, basically, what sort of number do you think should be going to university
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and what sort of number do you think will go to university?
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Well, I suppose in a year group of 200,
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a good 40% on paper should be able to go to university from our school given our intake and their predicted grades.
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in terms of how many will go to university, it's often a very different picture.
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Much lower, though.
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Much lower, much lower, yeah.
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And there's obviously such a broad range of factors that mean that that is an issue for them.
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Let me turn to you, Selina, because we have a traditional notion of social mobility.
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My perception is people think it is a good thing, and social mobility is about basically helping people whose talent might otherwise be wasted and giving them that leg up,
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making sure they get to exploit their potential.
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Now is that the right notion of social mobility?
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Is that the desirable notion of social mobility?
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No I'd argue
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that part of the real problem with social mobility is it's been used by successive governments as really an opposition to equality.
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I mean what's being described here is excellent practice in a non-selective school that seeks to value every child, that says every child matters.
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But in fact what What we've seen with the kind of political
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and media discourse around social mobility has been the idea
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that there are only a few who are talented and somehow we have to get them on.
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Now, historically, that just doesn't work.
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The place where it was absolutely enshrined, one of the teachers on the documentary mentions the grammar schools,
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we saw between 1945 and the 70s an education system which was all about selection at 11, selection of the so-called brightest.
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Yes, which was taking them out.
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Taking them out and giving them a particular kind of education.
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Now what that was predicated on was the idea that children from working class backgrounds are disadvantaged, a word that has been used tonight, that their background doesn't give them anything,
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that they need to be taken out of that, and that they can be assessed on brightness and prepared for university.
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The fact is it didn't work and it didn't work
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because we now know that you cannot test or define brightness at 11
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or even 16 but also it didn't work because the fact is that education alone cannot lead to social mobility.
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Are you saying it's not desirable to get those youngsters into university?
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I mean you're not arguing that are you or are you arguing that?
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No, I think that everybody who wants to go to a university should be able to go to a university.
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And if I had my way, I would elect Jeremy Corbyn tomorrow.
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I would see an end to these pernicious tuition fees.
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I would properly fund comprehensive education.
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And I would say, let's all rise up as a society and get rid of this ridiculous inequality.
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Now, you see, and what do you do?
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I mean, just suppose Jeremy Corbyn doesn't win an election tomorrow and can't deliver that, where resources are limited in a school like John's.
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I mean, do you focus on some of the brighter ones and say, let's get you to university or not?
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I don't think that that is what's being done in John's school.
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And I think that that's absolutely right.
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And the reason why it's right is because the fact is that these kids are not lacking aspiration.
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They are lacking material resources because of government cuts.
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Is that true, John?
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Is it aspiration or material resource?
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There's an element of aspiration, but I think that's a knock-on And of the material resources, I think Selina's absolutely right.
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Social mobility for our students isn't just about getting a group to university.
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It's got to be about improving the housing, improving the income of the families, and actually wrapping around the whole child.
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We're seeing cuts constantly with mental health and wellbeing
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and all of those other aspects that are so vital to getting these students.
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When I ask you, what's the main barrier to progress of those children?
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Is it home?
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Is it chaotic lives?
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Is it the teaching resources?
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Is it the school?
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What do you see as the critical I think this is the crux of the issue, which is why there isn't a magic bullet to solve this problem.
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It is everything, you know.
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They have home lives which are chaotic, which are difficult.
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I mean, I know through my own children, if I've had a stressful day, I'm not necessarily going to be devoting the time to educate at home in the way that I should.
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So if your life is constantly chaotic, if, as we see with Shakira on the documentary, there's a disability at home,
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you know, her mum desperately wants better for her, but is totally at a loss as how to do that.
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And, Selina, just to very briefly pin you down, basically, you're telling people don't go with the notion of social...
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The notion of social mobility that's popularly talked about is not the right metric against which to judge success.
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If we are saying that success means that people can lead lives
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that they find fulfilling and where they can provide for their family,
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then we need to expand employment opportunities and stop asking schools to do the work that government should be doing.
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The education system at the moment isn't obviously doing that fully.
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Thank you both.
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Thanks both very much indeed.
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このクリップのスピーキング目標
議論形式の会話では、意見を述べたり反論したりする際の流れや論理的な展開が重要です。このビデオは、社会的移動性や教育に関する深い話題を巡って、複数の発言者が意見を交わす場面です。IELTS スピーキング対策や日常の英語スピーキング練習に役立つ、論理的な会話の展開と異なる視点を述べる表現を学ぶことができます。特に、「~という考え方は問題がある」「~は効果的ではなかった」などの意見を主張する際のフレーズを覚えることで、より自然な会話ができるようになります。
フレーズバンク
- 「~ as opposed to ~」（~ではなく~）- 二つの事柄を対比する際に使えます。例：「It's not really as opposed to the others.」（他の人たちではなくてね）
- 「predicated on the idea that ~」（~という考えに基づく）- ある考えや理論の根拠を説明する時に便利です。例：「What that was predicated on was the idea that...」（それは~という考えに基づいていた）
- 「~ doesn't work」（~は効果がない）- ある方法や考えがうまくいかないことを簡潔に述べる表現です。例：「historically, that just doesn't work.」（歴史的に見て、それは効果がなかった）
- 「I'd argue that ~」（~だと思う）- 自分の意見をはっきりと述べる際のフレーズで、議論の中で使うと印象的です。例：「I'd argue that part of the real problem is...」（本当の問題の一つは~だと思う）
弱点を直そう：発音とリズム
このビデオの会話は比較的速いペースで進み、英語シャドーイング（shadow speech/shadow speak）の練習に最適です。特に、「philosophically and morally」「pernicious tuition fees」などの長い単語やフレーズの発音とリズムを覚えることが重要です。「philosophically」は「fɪləˈsɒfɪkli」と発音し、「tuition」は「tjuˈɪʃn」となります。また、会話の中でよく使われる「Well,」「I mean」などの間投詞も、自然なリズムを作るために大切です。シャドーイングをする際は、発言者の息継ぎや抑揚も注意して真似してみてください。これにより、英語スピーキング練習の中で、より自然な発音と流れが身につきます。
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | is gifted · being represented · be wasted |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | it's been · we've seen · has been |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | system which was · Yes, which was · issue, which is |
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。