シャドーイング練習: Total War: Warhammer - Beginner's Guide 01: Rock Paper Scissors - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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Hey everybody, it's PartyElite with the beginner's guide to Total War Warhammer.
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The Total War games have been, for as long as my memory serves, a camouflaged rock-paper-scissors game when it comes to battles.
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While that might sound simple and even dumbed down, it actually gets to be quite complex when you get into the nitty gritty.
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While rock-paper-scissors implies hard counters, this isn't necessarily the case because of other factors that come into play.
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Flanking, morale, rank, etc. For this video, let's ignore unit types that are unique to the Warhammer universe, giants, trolls and other monsters and beasts,
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they don't quite fall into this rock-paper-scissors world and I'll give them a closer look in a later video.
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We will, however, start with another outlier, Sword and Axe Infantry.
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They don't fit a rock-paper-scissors role, but act more as a sort of glue to hold everything else together.
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They come in many formats, heavy, light, sword, axe, etc. They are, as a whole, average against other unit types.
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They have no specific strengths when it comes to battle, and having an infantry-heavy army keeps you balanced, but it can result in issues if you keep getting charged down by cavalry,
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or while being pelted by arrows.
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Sword and axe infantry are great for holding enemy units in place for a nice flanking maneuver as well.
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Now consider the spearmen.
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They've got a greater reach with their weapons, and if you've seen, say, Braveheart or any war movie that reenacts spearmen vs cavalry, you'll know exactly how this tends to go down.
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Spearmen destroy cavalry, especially if charged into head-on.
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However, since they're typically lightly armored, they are easily put down by archers, so if you find yourself facing a bunch of spearmen, pepper them with arrows, hold them with infantry, and flank them with cavalry.
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Job well done.
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Onwards to cavalry.
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As we discussed literally moments earlier, they are weak against spears and should never be used to charge spears head on.
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Don't do it.
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The strength of cavalry lies in their charges, and especially when targeting ranged units, archers, crossbowmen, and the like.
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With a superior speed, cavalry can disperse and chase down these lightly armored, fast-on-their-feet units and wreck their day.
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This also works to disperse artillery unit operators, effectively destroying artillery pieces.
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Use cavalry to keep enemy ranged units busy running around.
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Cavalry charges are especially powerful when they come in from the flanks, and this is the one case where you can use cavalry against spearmen.
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It's risky, but the reward can be worth the loss of lives.
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Flanking spearmen can cause them to break, and when morale is low, so is the quality of fighting.
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And when morale is really low, there is no fighting. And finally, ranged units.
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Artillery are obviously morale damaging and great against anything they can hit, but as we learned earlier, archers and the like are best against lightly armored units like spearmen.
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They can thin numbers of any unit type well before they arrive at your front lines, but they need to be very wary of enemy cavalry.
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You can force them to engage in melee, which may be a worthwhile sacrifice, especially if they're out of ammunition, but that's basically a death sentence.
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Sometimes, though, it can help you set up a flanking maneuver for the greater good of your empire.
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As I mentioned, this rock-paper-scissors model is just a foundation, and there are plenty of nuances that modify how things actually play out.
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Outside other mechanics like morale, rank, positioning, etc., there are further details like unit variants.
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Shock cavalry and regular cavalry should be used differently, for example.
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But I'll go over all these finer details in a later video.
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So at the core, while this overarching system sounds simple, it actually gets very in-depth and intricate very fast.
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Where it's important to keep this hierarchy in mind is in making macro-scale decisions.
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Much relies on making snap decisions after understanding the situation in the battle at the moment, and that's what being a great general is about.
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For more tips and tricks, subscribe to this channel, and if there's something you'd like to see covered, let me know in the comments below.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Total War: Warhammer - Beginner's Guide 01: Rock Paper Scissors」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：cavalry, unit, spearmen, scissors, morale。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が40文、単語が725語あります。 音声の長さは3:42です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約196語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は79%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| cavalry 名詞 | /ˈkæ.vəl.ɹi/ | 騎兵, 騎兵隊 |
| flank 名詞 | /ˈflæŋk/ | 脇腹, 横腹 |
| scissors 名詞 | /ˈsɪzəz/ | 鋏 |
| morale 名詞 | /məˈɹɑːl/ | 士気 |
| infantry 名詞 | /ˈɪnfəntɹi/ | 歩兵 |
| archer 名詞 | /ˈɑɹ.t͡ʃɚ/ | 射手 |
| artillery 名詞 | /ɑɹˈtɪləɹi/ | 砲兵隊, 特科 |
| armor 名詞 | /ˈɑːɹ.mɚ/ | 鎧, 装甲 |
| disperse 動詞 | /dɪˈspɝs/ | 退散 |
| maneuver 名詞 | /məˈnuvɚ/ | 機動, 演習 |
| spear 名詞 | /spɪə̯(ɹ)/ | 槍, 鑓 |
| arrow 名詞 | /ˈæɹəʊ/ | 矢 |
| camouflage 名詞 | /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/ | 迷彩 |
| macroeconomics 名詞 | /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/ | マクロ経済学 |
| nuance 名詞 | /ˈnjuː.ɑːns/ | ニュアンス, 意味合い |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| go down 動詞 | 降りる, 降下する |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have been · you've seen |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | being pelted · are easily put |
| 「should」による助言 should + 動詞 — したほうがよいことを伝える | should never be · should be |
| 「might / may」による可能性 might/may + 動詞 — 起こりうるが確実ではないこと | might sound · may be |
注意したい発音
話し手はdon't, I'll, they'reなど、短縮形や弱形を12回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/, ammunition /ˌæmjuˈnɪʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: artillery /ɑɹˈtɪləɹi/, macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/, overarching /ˌoʊvəɹˈɑɹt͡ʃɪŋ/, hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, ammunition /ˌæmjuˈnɪʃən/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: cavalry /ˈkæ.vəl.ɹi/, morale /məˈɹɑːl/, artillery /ɑɹˈtɪləɹi/, outlier /ˈaʊtˌlaɪə(ɹ)/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: cavalry /ˈkæ.vəl.ɹi/, maneuver /məˈnuvɚ/, overarching /ˌoʊvəɹˈɑɹt͡ʃɪŋ/, variant /ˈvæɹi.ənt/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: flank /ˈflæŋk/, infantry /ˈɪnfəntɹi/, camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/, modify /ˈmɑ.dɪˌfaɪ/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。cavalry, flank, scissorsなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。