跟讀練習: Total War: Warhammer - Beginner's Guide 01: Rock Paper Scissors - 通過影片學習英語口語
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Hey everybody, it's PartyElite with the beginner's guide to Total War Warhammer.
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The Total War games have been, for as long as my memory serves, a camouflaged rock-paper-scissors game when it comes to battles.
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While that might sound simple and even dumbed down, it actually gets to be quite complex when you get into the nitty gritty.
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While rock-paper-scissors implies hard counters, this isn't necessarily the case because of other factors that come into play.
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Flanking, morale, rank, etc. For this video, let's ignore unit types that are unique to the Warhammer universe, giants, trolls and other monsters and beasts,
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they don't quite fall into this rock-paper-scissors world and I'll give them a closer look in a later video.
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We will, however, start with another outlier, Sword and Axe Infantry.
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They don't fit a rock-paper-scissors role, but act more as a sort of glue to hold everything else together.
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They come in many formats, heavy, light, sword, axe, etc. They are, as a whole, average against other unit types.
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They have no specific strengths when it comes to battle, and having an infantry-heavy army keeps you balanced, but it can result in issues if you keep getting charged down by cavalry,
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or while being pelted by arrows.
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Sword and axe infantry are great for holding enemy units in place for a nice flanking maneuver as well.
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Now consider the spearmen.
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They've got a greater reach with their weapons, and if you've seen, say, Braveheart or any war movie that reenacts spearmen vs cavalry, you'll know exactly how this tends to go down.
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Spearmen destroy cavalry, especially if charged into head-on.
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However, since they're typically lightly armored, they are easily put down by archers, so if you find yourself facing a bunch of spearmen, pepper them with arrows, hold them with infantry, and flank them with cavalry.
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Job well done.
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Onwards to cavalry.
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As we discussed literally moments earlier, they are weak against spears and should never be used to charge spears head on.
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Don't do it.
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The strength of cavalry lies in their charges, and especially when targeting ranged units, archers, crossbowmen, and the like.
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With a superior speed, cavalry can disperse and chase down these lightly armored, fast-on-their-feet units and wreck their day.
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This also works to disperse artillery unit operators, effectively destroying artillery pieces.
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Use cavalry to keep enemy ranged units busy running around.
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Cavalry charges are especially powerful when they come in from the flanks, and this is the one case where you can use cavalry against spearmen.
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It's risky, but the reward can be worth the loss of lives.
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Flanking spearmen can cause them to break, and when morale is low, so is the quality of fighting.
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And when morale is really low, there is no fighting. And finally, ranged units.
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Artillery are obviously morale damaging and great against anything they can hit, but as we learned earlier, archers and the like are best against lightly armored units like spearmen.
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They can thin numbers of any unit type well before they arrive at your front lines, but they need to be very wary of enemy cavalry.
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You can force them to engage in melee, which may be a worthwhile sacrifice, especially if they're out of ammunition, but that's basically a death sentence.
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Sometimes, though, it can help you set up a flanking maneuver for the greater good of your empire.
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As I mentioned, this rock-paper-scissors model is just a foundation, and there are plenty of nuances that modify how things actually play out.
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Outside other mechanics like morale, rank, positioning, etc., there are further details like unit variants.
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Shock cavalry and regular cavalry should be used differently, for example.
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But I'll go over all these finer details in a later video.
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So at the core, while this overarching system sounds simple, it actually gets very in-depth and intricate very fast.
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Where it's important to keep this hierarchy in mind is in making macro-scale decisions.
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Much relies on making snap decisions after understanding the situation in the battle at the moment, and that's what being a great general is about.
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For more tips and tricks, subscribe to this channel, and if there's something you'd like to see covered, let me know in the comments below.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節 B1 級別的口語課以影片“Total War: Warhammer - Beginner's Guide 01: Rock Paper Scissors”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：cavalry, unit, spearmen, scissors, morale。 這段影片共有 40 個句子、725 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 3:42。 說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 196 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 只有 79% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| cavalry 名詞 | /ˈkæ.vəl.ɹi/ | 騎兵 /騎兵 |
| spearman 名詞 | 槍手 /槍手 | |
| flank 名詞 | /ˈflæŋk/ | 脅腹, 腰窩 |
| scissors 名詞 | /ˈsɪzəz/ | 剪刀, 剪子 |
| morale 名詞 | /məˈɹɑːl/ | 士氣 /士氣, 信心 |
| infantry 名詞 | /ˈɪnfəntɹi/ | 步兵 |
| archer 名詞 | /ˈɑɹ.t͡ʃɚ/ | 射手, 弓箭手 |
| artillery 名詞 | /ɑɹˈtɪləɹi/ | 炮兵部隊 /炮兵部隊 |
| armor 名詞 | /ˈɑːɹ.mɚ/ | 盔甲, 鐵甲 /鐵甲 |
| maneuver 名詞 | /məˈnuvɚ/ | 機動 /機動, 演習 /演習 |
| spear 名詞 | /spɪə̯(ɹ)/ | 矛, 槍 /槍 |
| arrow 名詞 | /ˈæɹəʊ/ | җян, 箭 |
| crossbowman 名詞 | 弩兵, 弩手 | |
| macroeconomics 名詞 | /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/ | 宏觀經濟學 /宏觀經濟學 |
| nuance 名詞 | /ˈnjuː.ɑːns/ | 細微區別 /細微區別, 小差異 /小差異 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| go down 動詞 | 下降, 下去 |
| put down 動詞 | 放下 |
| run around 動詞 | 忙碌, 奔忙 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | have been · you've seen |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | being pelted · are easily put |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 12 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, I'll, they're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/, ammunition /ˌæmjuˈnɪʃən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: artillery /ɑɹˈtɪləɹi/, macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/, overarching /ˌoʊvəɹˈɑɹt͡ʃɪŋ/, hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, ammunition /ˌæmjuˈnɪʃən/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: cavalry /ˈkæ.vəl.ɹi/, maneuver /məˈnuvɚ/, overarching /ˌoʊvəɹˈɑɹt͡ʃɪŋ/, variant /ˈvæɹi.ənt/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: flank /ˈflæŋk/, scissors /ˈsɪzəz/, disperse /dɪˈspɝs/, camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/, macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: cavalry /ˈkæ.vəl.ɹi/, morale /məˈɹɑːl/, artillery /ɑɹˈtɪləɹi/, outlier /ˈaʊtˌlaɪə(ɹ)/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 cavalry, spearman, flank 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。