Pratica di Shadowing: Total War: Warhammer - Beginner's Guide 01: Rock Paper Scissors - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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Hey everybody, it's PartyElite with the beginner's guide to Total War Warhammer.
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The Total War games have been, for as long as my memory serves, a camouflaged rock-paper-scissors game when it comes to battles.
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While that might sound simple and even dumbed down, it actually gets to be quite complex when you get into the nitty gritty.
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While rock-paper-scissors implies hard counters, this isn't necessarily the case because of other factors that come into play.
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Flanking, morale, rank, etc. For this video, let's ignore unit types that are unique to the Warhammer universe, giants, trolls and other monsters and beasts,
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they don't quite fall into this rock-paper-scissors world and I'll give them a closer look in a later video.
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We will, however, start with another outlier, Sword and Axe Infantry.
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They don't fit a rock-paper-scissors role, but act more as a sort of glue to hold everything else together.
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They come in many formats, heavy, light, sword, axe, etc. They are, as a whole, average against other unit types.
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They have no specific strengths when it comes to battle, and having an infantry-heavy army keeps you balanced, but it can result in issues if you keep getting charged down by cavalry,
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or while being pelted by arrows.
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Sword and axe infantry are great for holding enemy units in place for a nice flanking maneuver as well.
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Now consider the spearmen.
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They've got a greater reach with their weapons, and if you've seen, say, Braveheart or any war movie that reenacts spearmen vs cavalry, you'll know exactly how this tends to go down.
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Spearmen destroy cavalry, especially if charged into head-on.
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However, since they're typically lightly armored, they are easily put down by archers, so if you find yourself facing a bunch of spearmen, pepper them with arrows, hold them with infantry, and flank them with cavalry.
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Job well done.
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Onwards to cavalry.
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As we discussed literally moments earlier, they are weak against spears and should never be used to charge spears head on.
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Don't do it.
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The strength of cavalry lies in their charges, and especially when targeting ranged units, archers, crossbowmen, and the like.
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With a superior speed, cavalry can disperse and chase down these lightly armored, fast-on-their-feet units and wreck their day.
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This also works to disperse artillery unit operators, effectively destroying artillery pieces.
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Use cavalry to keep enemy ranged units busy running around.
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Cavalry charges are especially powerful when they come in from the flanks, and this is the one case where you can use cavalry against spearmen.
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It's risky, but the reward can be worth the loss of lives.
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Flanking spearmen can cause them to break, and when morale is low, so is the quality of fighting.
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And when morale is really low, there is no fighting. And finally, ranged units.
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Artillery are obviously morale damaging and great against anything they can hit, but as we learned earlier, archers and the like are best against lightly armored units like spearmen.
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They can thin numbers of any unit type well before they arrive at your front lines, but they need to be very wary of enemy cavalry.
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You can force them to engage in melee, which may be a worthwhile sacrifice, especially if they're out of ammunition, but that's basically a death sentence.
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Sometimes, though, it can help you set up a flanking maneuver for the greater good of your empire.
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As I mentioned, this rock-paper-scissors model is just a foundation, and there are plenty of nuances that modify how things actually play out.
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Outside other mechanics like morale, rank, positioning, etc., there are further details like unit variants.
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Shock cavalry and regular cavalry should be used differently, for example.
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But I'll go over all these finer details in a later video.
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So at the core, while this overarching system sounds simple, it actually gets very in-depth and intricate very fast.
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Where it's important to keep this hierarchy in mind is in making macro-scale decisions.
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Much relies on making snap decisions after understanding the situation in the battle at the moment, and that's what being a great general is about.
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For more tips and tricks, subscribe to this channel, and if there's something you'd like to see covered, let me know in the comments below.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione di livello B1 si basa sul video “Total War: Warhammer - Beginner's Guide 01: Rock Paper Scissors”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: cavalry, unit, spearmen, scissors, morale. Questo video contiene 40 frasi e 725 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 3:42. Chi parla va veloce, circa 196 parole al minuto: aspettati suoni legati e ridotti. Solo il 79% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
Le 15 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| cavalry sostantivo | /ˈkæ.vəl.ɹi/ | cavalleria |
| flank sostantivo | /ˈflæŋk/ | fianco |
| scissors sostantivo | /ˈsɪzəz/ | forbici |
| morale sostantivo | /məˈɹɑːl/ | morale |
| infantry sostantivo | /ˈɪnfəntɹi/ | fanteria |
| archer sostantivo | /ˈɑɹ.t͡ʃɚ/ | arciere |
| lightly avverbio | /ˈlaɪtli/ | alla leggera, superficialmente |
| artillery sostantivo | /ɑɹˈtɪləɹi/ | artiglieria |
| armor sostantivo | /ˈɑːɹ.mɚ/ | armatura |
| disperse verbo | /dɪˈspɝs/ | disperdere |
| maneuver sostantivo | /məˈnuvɚ/ | manovra, esercitazione |
| spear sostantivo | /spɪə̯(ɹ)/ | lancia, asta |
| arrow sostantivo | /ˈæɹəʊ/ | freccia |
| camouflage sostantivo | /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/ | camuffaggio |
| crossbowman sostantivo | balestriere |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| play out verbo | svolgere | |
| set up verbo | /ˌsɛt ˈʌp/ | preparare, installare |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | have been · you've seen |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | being pelted · are easily put |
| Consigli con “should” should + verbo — dire che cosa è meglio fare | should never be · should be |
| Possibilità con “might / may” might/may + verbo — qualcosa di possibile ma non certo | might sound · may be |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 12 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come don't, I'll, they're. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/, ammunition /ˌæmjuˈnɪʃən/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: artillery /ɑɹˈtɪləɹi/, macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/, overarching /ˌoʊvəɹˈɑɹt͡ʃɪŋ/, hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, ammunition /ˌæmjuˈnɪʃən/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: flank /ˈflæŋk/, scissors /ˈsɪzəz/, disperse /dɪˈspɝs/, camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/, macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: cavalry /ˈkæ.vəl.ɹi/, flank /ˈflæŋk/, arrow /ˈæɹəʊ/, camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/, macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come cavalry, flank, scissors.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.