跟读练习: Total War: Warhammer - Beginner's Guide 01: Rock Paper Scissors - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Hey everybody, it's PartyElite with the beginner's guide to Total War Warhammer.
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The Total War games have been, for as long as my memory serves, a camouflaged rock-paper-scissors game when it comes to battles.
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While that might sound simple and even dumbed down, it actually gets to be quite complex when you get into the nitty gritty.
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While rock-paper-scissors implies hard counters, this isn't necessarily the case because of other factors that come into play.
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Flanking, morale, rank, etc. For this video, let's ignore unit types that are unique to the Warhammer universe, giants, trolls and other monsters and beasts,
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they don't quite fall into this rock-paper-scissors world and I'll give them a closer look in a later video.
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We will, however, start with another outlier, Sword and Axe Infantry.
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They don't fit a rock-paper-scissors role, but act more as a sort of glue to hold everything else together.
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They come in many formats, heavy, light, sword, axe, etc. They are, as a whole, average against other unit types.
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They have no specific strengths when it comes to battle, and having an infantry-heavy army keeps you balanced, but it can result in issues if you keep getting charged down by cavalry,
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or while being pelted by arrows.
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Sword and axe infantry are great for holding enemy units in place for a nice flanking maneuver as well.
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Now consider the spearmen.
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They've got a greater reach with their weapons, and if you've seen, say, Braveheart or any war movie that reenacts spearmen vs cavalry, you'll know exactly how this tends to go down.
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Spearmen destroy cavalry, especially if charged into head-on.
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However, since they're typically lightly armored, they are easily put down by archers, so if you find yourself facing a bunch of spearmen, pepper them with arrows, hold them with infantry, and flank them with cavalry.
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Job well done.
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Onwards to cavalry.
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As we discussed literally moments earlier, they are weak against spears and should never be used to charge spears head on.
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Don't do it.
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The strength of cavalry lies in their charges, and especially when targeting ranged units, archers, crossbowmen, and the like.
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With a superior speed, cavalry can disperse and chase down these lightly armored, fast-on-their-feet units and wreck their day.
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This also works to disperse artillery unit operators, effectively destroying artillery pieces.
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Use cavalry to keep enemy ranged units busy running around.
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Cavalry charges are especially powerful when they come in from the flanks, and this is the one case where you can use cavalry against spearmen.
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It's risky, but the reward can be worth the loss of lives.
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Flanking spearmen can cause them to break, and when morale is low, so is the quality of fighting.
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And when morale is really low, there is no fighting. And finally, ranged units.
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Artillery are obviously morale damaging and great against anything they can hit, but as we learned earlier, archers and the like are best against lightly armored units like spearmen.
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They can thin numbers of any unit type well before they arrive at your front lines, but they need to be very wary of enemy cavalry.
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You can force them to engage in melee, which may be a worthwhile sacrifice, especially if they're out of ammunition, but that's basically a death sentence.
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Sometimes, though, it can help you set up a flanking maneuver for the greater good of your empire.
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As I mentioned, this rock-paper-scissors model is just a foundation, and there are plenty of nuances that modify how things actually play out.
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Outside other mechanics like morale, rank, positioning, etc., there are further details like unit variants.
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Shock cavalry and regular cavalry should be used differently, for example.
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But I'll go over all these finer details in a later video.
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So at the core, while this overarching system sounds simple, it actually gets very in-depth and intricate very fast.
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Where it's important to keep this hierarchy in mind is in making macro-scale decisions.
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Much relies on making snap decisions after understanding the situation in the battle at the moment, and that's what being a great general is about.
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For more tips and tricks, subscribe to this channel, and if there's something you'd like to see covered, let me know in the comments below.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 B1 级别的口语课以视频“Total War: Warhammer - Beginner's Guide 01: Rock Paper Scissors”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：cavalry, unit, spearmen, scissors, morale。 这段视频共有 40 个句子、725 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 3:42。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 196 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 只有 79% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| cavalry 名词 | /ˈkæ.vəl.ɹi/ | 騎兵 /骑兵 |
| spearman 名词 | 槍手 /枪手 | |
| flank 名词 | /ˈflæŋk/ | 胁腹, 腰窝 |
| scissors 名词 | /ˈsɪzəz/ | 剪刀, 剪子 |
| morale 名词 | /məˈɹɑːl/ | 士氣 /士气, 信心 |
| infantry 名词 | /ˈɪnfəntɹi/ | 步兵 |
| archer 名词 | /ˈɑɹ.t͡ʃɚ/ | 射手, 弓箭手 |
| artillery 名词 | /ɑɹˈtɪləɹi/ | 炮兵部隊 /炮兵部队 |
| armor 名词 | /ˈɑːɹ.mɚ/ | 盔甲, 鐵甲 /铁甲 |
| maneuver 名词 | /məˈnuvɚ/ | 機動 /机动, 演習 /演习 |
| spear 名词 | /spɪə̯(ɹ)/ | 矛, 槍 /枪 |
| arrow 名词 | /ˈæɹəʊ/ | җян, 箭 |
| crossbowman 名词 | 弩兵, 弩手 | |
| macroeconomics 名词 | /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/ | 宏觀經濟學 /宏观经济学 |
| nuance 名词 | /ˈnjuː.ɑːns/ | 細微區別 /细微区别, 小差異 /小差异 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| go down 动词 | 下降, 下去 |
| put down 动词 | 放下 |
| run around 动词 | 忙碌, 奔忙 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | have been · you've seen |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | being pelted · are easily put |
| 用 “should” 提建议 should + 动词 — 表示应该做的事 | should never be · should be |
| 用 “might / may” 表可能 might/may + 动词 — 有可能但不确定的事 | might sound · may be |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 12 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, I'll, they're。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/, ammunition /ˌæmjuˈnɪʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: artillery /ɑɹˈtɪləɹi/, macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/, overarching /ˌoʊvəɹˈɑɹt͡ʃɪŋ/, hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, ammunition /ˌæmjuˈnɪʃən/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: cavalry /ˈkæ.vəl.ɹi/, maneuver /məˈnuvɚ/, overarching /ˌoʊvəɹˈɑɹt͡ʃɪŋ/, variant /ˈvæɹi.ənt/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: flank /ˈflæŋk/, scissors /ˈsɪzəz/, disperse /dɪˈspɝs/, camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/, macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: cavalry /ˈkæ.vəl.ɹi/, morale /məˈɹɑːl/, artillery /ɑɹˈtɪləɹi/, outlier /ˈaʊtˌlaɪə(ɹ)/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 cavalry, spearman, flank 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。