シャドーイング練習: Vol 2 - test 4 - section 4 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

レッスンを作成中...
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You will hear a lecture about how carbon dioxide is produced from food And what are the effects of the emission problem?
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First, You have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Good afternoon.
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Thanks for coming to today's lecture.
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In the last few decades the environmental impact of food production and consumption has become one of the greatest concerns.
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When we look at what we eat and how we produce the food, we can find extensive evidence for how we damage our environment.
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Greenhouse gas emissions may come from livestock such as cows, agricultural soils and rice production.
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According to statistics, the carbon dioxide emissions from the production of the food people
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consume every day are almost the same as the emissions we make when we are driving.
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Let's look at some more specific examples.
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The cultivation and processing of 100 grams of coffee beans are responsible for 140 grams of carbon dioxide.
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Now, some international organizations are training farmers in many countries to
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use sustainable agricultural methods as a way of reducing their carbon dioxide emissions.
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All agricultural practices have been found to have a variety of effects on the environment.
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Some of the environmental effects are associated with meat production.
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The popular red meat requires 28 times more land to produce than chicken,
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11 times more water and results in 5 times more climate warming emissions.
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According to another research, cooking process also causes greenhouse gas emissions.
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Scientists now are working on how to best minimize its impact.
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Another problem that we cannot neglect is the packaging of food products.
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as packaging takes a lot of energy, water and other natural resources to produce.
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So a lot of natural resources are wasted.
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when we throw the packaging materials away.
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Furthermore, Packaging waste produces a big amount of greenhouse gas.
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To make things even worse, the food we eat often comes from places far away.
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Therefore, the transportation of our food across long distances contributes to air and water pollution.
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In recent decades with the growing number of population, more food is in demand.
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So more land has been used to produce food.
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Hundreds and even thousands of forests have been cut down.
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It had a devastating effect on the climate because forests can absorb greenhouse gases.
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People in different parts of the world apply various kinds of farming practices.
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In most countries, cows and other livestock are kept on the farms, while in some countries they are kept in a restricted area on a mountain,
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but they all contribute to the carbon dioxide emissions.
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And for animal agriculture, the problem can be more serious because the livestock need food all the time.
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In America, cows eat an overwhelming amount of corn and soybeans each year.
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In order to create a better world for us and our future generations, we should adopt sustainable agriculture.
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The goal of sustainable agriculture is to meet the world's growing demand for food at the present without affecting future generations.
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Every person involved in the food system, growers, food processors, distributors, retailers,
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consumers and waste managers can play a role in ensuring a sustainable agricultural system.
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There are many practices commonly used by people working in sustainable agriculture and sustainable food systems.
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Crop growers may change their food production methods to prevent pollution.
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Although some other areas of agriculture are very hard to change such as fishing,
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Consumers and retailers concerned with sustainability can look for foods that are environmentally friendly.
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However, Sustainable agriculture is more than a collection of practices, It is also a process of negotiation.
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a push and pull between the competing interests of an individual farmer
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or of people in a community as they work to solve complex problems about how we grow our food.
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In conclusion, I want to emphasize
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that we may not be able to go back to the old times and live a simpler lifestyle,
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but we can take an active role in preventing more environmental problems caused by carbon dioxide emissions.
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In the next lecture, I will share some of the studies and effective solutions with you.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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That is the end of the listening test.
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In the IELTS test, you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to your answer sheet.

この動画でスピーキング練習する理由

食糧生産と二酸化炭素排出の関係についての講義は、日常的なトピックではないですが、英語スピーキング練習に最適です。環境問題は国際的な会話で頻繁に出るテーマで、この動画の内容を使えば、専門的な語彙や論理的な話し方を身につけられます。特にshadow speech(シャドースピーチ)の練習に向いています。スピーカーの流れに合わせて即座に発音を真似ることで、リズムやイントネーションの自然さが上がり、IELTS スピーキング対策にも役立ちます。

文脈の中の文法・表現

動画には実用的な表現がたくさんあります。まず、「...are responsible for...」(...が原因である)は、影響や責任を表す時に使えます。例えば「Coffee production is responsible for high emissions」のように。次に、「contribute to...」(...に貢献する、影響を与える)は、二酸化炭素排出の原因を説明する時に頻繁に使われます。「Livestock contribute to carbon dioxide emissions」のように使います。もう一つは「In order to...」(...するために)で、目的を表すフレーズです。「In order to reduce emissions, we need sustainable methods」のように使えます。これらの表現はスピーキングで論理的な説明をする時に必須です。

発音の難しい箇所

動画の中には英語の発音を良くするために注意が必要な単語があります。まず「livestock」(家畜)は「ライブストック」ではなく「リヴストック」と発音します。次に「sustainable」(持続可能な)は「サスティナブル」ではなく「サスティナブル」(語尾の「ble」を「ブル」ではなく「ブル」と軽く発音)が正しいです。さらに「emissions」(排出)は「エミッションズ」ではなく「エミッションズ」(「s」の音をはっきり発音)が重要です。これらの単語はスピーキングでよく使われるので、正しい発音を覚えておきましょう。shadow speechの練習中に、スピーカーの発音に合わせて繰り返し練ることで、これらのトラップを克服できます。

シャドーイングとは?英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング(Shadowing)は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的:ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影(shadow)」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →