シャドーイング練習: Vol 1 - test 2 - section 3 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

レッスンを作成中...
1
Section 3.
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You will hear two sports physiotherapy students called John and Kath preparing a joint presentation on foot injuries in sports players.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 26 on page 4.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 26.
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I've had a look at your draft presentation plan and compared it with mine, Kath, and we seem to have the same basic structure.
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We've both included the same three main sections, that's the anatomy of the foot, the injuries and the treatment, and we've organised our presentations in the same way.
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But the types of sports we've chosen to illustrate the possible injuries aren't the same.
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I'll deal with the anatomy bit.
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I've got notes and a handout on that from Professor Gilligan's lecture.
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Oh, I was hoping to do that.
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I've downloaded some useful stuff.
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I do think we should limit this section though.
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We don't want to spend much time on anatomy when the main focus is on the treatment.
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That's true, but in the last section, maybe the two of us could show how some of these therapies actually work.
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I could be the patient and you could do the treatment.
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Hmm, good idea.
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Because it's hard to find pictures, as injuries are mostly internal.
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It would be good to hear some first-hand accounts from injured athletes, too.
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Yeah, but we don't have time.
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No. Should we then discuss different types of heel injury?
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It's worth pointing out that these vary enormously in how bad they are.
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It might be just a pulled muscle, or a bone injury, which needs surgery.
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Sometimes only an expert can tell the difference.
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Excellent.
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I'll do the slides on that.
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Leave that one to me.
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Now, what about causes of heel injuries?
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Well, it's easy enough to list them.
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Overuse, improper footwear...
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Yes.
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Um, incorrect running style?
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They're all relevant, but for simplicity, let's just pick one cause.
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Say, stuff about changing your training habits suddenly.
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You mean like suddenly doing a lot of mountain training?
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Yes, that's a good idea.
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and there was research on that in the latest edition of Physio Journal wasn't there?
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Professor Gilligan recommended it to us.
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Great.
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You can leave the bit on stretching techniques to me.
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I really like all that stuff.
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So what's going to be your approach there?
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Well, I'll summarise all the various techniques with visual support
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and then I'll make the point that the stretching should be carefully managed.
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Obviously you have to be careful not to overstretch and to stretch only when your muscles are warmed up.
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Otherwise you could do yourself more harm than good.
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It's also important that on a supervised programme stretching is later on combined with balance exercises, which stretch and also strengthen the muscles.
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OK then.
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Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 27 to 30 on page 5.
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Now listen and answer questions 27 to 30.
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It's always useful to have some information on case studies at the end, in case we're short of material.
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Did you manage to find anything?
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Yes, a female runner in her 30s talking about her treatment for a swollen heel.
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Initially she rested the injury.
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This did help to reduce the swelling, although it was still a little bit uncomfortable.
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Then she applied an ice pack to the injury twice a day.
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Did that work?
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Well, she persisted with this treatment for the first month, but decided it wasn't helping.
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After this period she was shown how to use deep tissue massage techniques, and was surprised at how much freedom of movement this created in her foot.
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Wasn't she having ultrasound treatment?
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Yes, she was having sessions at the hospital, but she remained unconvinced about its value.
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She felt the same about the balancing exercises she was prescribed.
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OK, that's interesting.
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I looked at the aftercare programme of a male sprinter who
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was allowed to do some sports activity as part of his rehabilitation.
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After four months of treatment, he did some light running on grass, wearing shoes that gave plenty of support to his injured heel.
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So it didn't hurt?
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Well, he found the heel was sore afterwards, and the same happened with some jumping exercises he was asked to try.
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Did he go to the gym and use weights?
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Yes, after a few weeks, and if he used light weights, he could train without pain.
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He also tried cycling and found this beneficial, as his foot was not making contact with the ground.
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He expected a similar result with swimming, but found the repetitive kicking motion was actually aggravating the injury.
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Well, both these case studies have value...
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That is the end of Section 3.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Now turn to section 4 on page 6.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が76文、単語が804語あります。 音声の長さは6:49です。 話す速さは1分あたり約118語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の84%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくるやや難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

  • stretch /stɹɛt͡ʃ/ (動詞) — 伸ばす. To lengthen by pulling.
  • heel /hil/ (名詞) — 踵, ヒール. The rear part of the foot, where it joins the leg.
  • technique /tɛkˈniːk/ (名詞) — 技術. The practical aspects of a given art, occupation etc.; formal requirements.
  • muscle /ˈmʌs.əl/ (名詞) — 筋肉, 筋. A contractile form of tissue which animals use to effect movement.
  • presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/ (名詞) — 贈呈. The act of presenting, or something presented.
  • anatomy /əˈnætəmi/ (名詞) — 解剖学, 解剖. The science that deals with the form and structure of organic bodies; anatomical structure or organization.
  • carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ (副詞) — じっくり, 慎重に. With care; attentively, circumspectly.
  • swell /swɛl/ (動詞) — 膨れる, 隆起する. To become larger, fuller, or rounder, or expand in size or shape, usually as a result of pressure from within.
  • bone /boʊn/ (名詞) — 骨. A composite material consisting largely of calcium phosphate and collagen and making up the skeleton of most vertebrates.
  • compare /kəmˈpɛɚ/ (動詞) — 比べる, 比較する. To assess the similarities and differences between two or more things [“to compare X with Y”]. Having made the comparison of X with Y, one might have found it…
  • afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/ (副詞) — その後, それから. At a later or succeeding time; after that;
  • grass /ɡɹɑːs/ (名詞) — 草, 雑草. Any plant of the family Poaceae, characterized by leaves that arise from nodes in the stem and leaf bases that wrap around the stem, especially those grown as…
  • tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ (名詞) — 織物. Thin, woven, gauzelike fabric.
  • slide /ˈslaɪ̯d/ (名詞) — 滑り台. An item of play equipment that children can climb up and then slide down again.
  • habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/ (名詞) — 習慣. An action performed on a regular basis.

動画に出てくる句動詞

  • point out (動詞) — 指す, 指し示す. To identify among a group of similar subjects, or in a scene where the subject might not be readily seen or noticed, with a gesture of the body.
  • warm up /ˌwɔː(ɹ)m ˈʌp/ (動詞) — 温まる. To become warmer.

注意したい発音

話し手はI'll, I've, wasn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を19回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

  • 「th」の音: athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, physiotherapy /ˌfɪziəʊˈθerəpi/
  • 「sh」と「zh」の音: presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, shoe /ˈʃu/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, massage /məˈsɑ(d)ʒ/
  • 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: anatomy /əˈnætəmi/, uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, rehabilitation /ˌɹiː.əˌbɪl.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/, simplicity /sɪmˈplɪsɪti/

この動画での練習方法

  1. まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
  2. 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
  3. 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。stretch, heel, techniqueなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てるare warmed · was shown · was prescribed
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係しているwe've organised · we've chosen · I've downloaded

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →