Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Vol 1 - test 2 - section 3

Đang tạo bài học...
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Section 3.
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You will hear two sports physiotherapy students called John and Kath preparing a joint presentation on foot injuries in sports players.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 26 on page 4.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 26.
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I've had a look at your draft presentation plan and compared it with mine, Kath, and we seem to have the same basic structure.
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We've both included the same three main sections, that's the anatomy of the foot, the injuries and the treatment, and we've organised our presentations in the same way.
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But the types of sports we've chosen to illustrate the possible injuries aren't the same.
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I'll deal with the anatomy bit.
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I've got notes and a handout on that from Professor Gilligan's lecture.
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Oh, I was hoping to do that.
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I've downloaded some useful stuff.
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I do think we should limit this section though.
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We don't want to spend much time on anatomy when the main focus is on the treatment.
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That's true, but in the last section, maybe the two of us could show how some of these therapies actually work.
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I could be the patient and you could do the treatment.
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Hmm, good idea.
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Because it's hard to find pictures, as injuries are mostly internal.
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It would be good to hear some first-hand accounts from injured athletes, too.
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Yeah, but we don't have time.
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No. Should we then discuss different types of heel injury?
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It's worth pointing out that these vary enormously in how bad they are.
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It might be just a pulled muscle, or a bone injury, which needs surgery.
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Sometimes only an expert can tell the difference.
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Excellent.
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I'll do the slides on that.
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Leave that one to me.
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Now, what about causes of heel injuries?
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Well, it's easy enough to list them.
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Overuse, improper footwear...
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Yes.
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Um, incorrect running style?
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They're all relevant, but for simplicity, let's just pick one cause.
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Say, stuff about changing your training habits suddenly.
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You mean like suddenly doing a lot of mountain training?
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Yes, that's a good idea.
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and there was research on that in the latest edition of Physio Journal wasn't there?
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Professor Gilligan recommended it to us.
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Great.
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You can leave the bit on stretching techniques to me.
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I really like all that stuff.
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So what's going to be your approach there?
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Well, I'll summarise all the various techniques with visual support
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and then I'll make the point that the stretching should be carefully managed.
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Obviously you have to be careful not to overstretch and to stretch only when your muscles are warmed up.
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Otherwise you could do yourself more harm than good.
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It's also important that on a supervised programme stretching is later on combined with balance exercises, which stretch and also strengthen the muscles.
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OK then.
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Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 27 to 30 on page 5.
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Now listen and answer questions 27 to 30.
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It's always useful to have some information on case studies at the end, in case we're short of material.
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Did you manage to find anything?
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Yes, a female runner in her 30s talking about her treatment for a swollen heel.
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Initially she rested the injury.
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This did help to reduce the swelling, although it was still a little bit uncomfortable.
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Then she applied an ice pack to the injury twice a day.
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Did that work?
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Well, she persisted with this treatment for the first month, but decided it wasn't helping.
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After this period she was shown how to use deep tissue massage techniques, and was surprised at how much freedom of movement this created in her foot.
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Wasn't she having ultrasound treatment?
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Yes, she was having sessions at the hospital, but she remained unconvinced about its value.
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She felt the same about the balancing exercises she was prescribed.
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OK, that's interesting.
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I looked at the aftercare programme of a male sprinter who
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was allowed to do some sports activity as part of his rehabilitation.
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After four months of treatment, he did some light running on grass, wearing shoes that gave plenty of support to his injured heel.
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So it didn't hurt?
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Well, he found the heel was sore afterwards, and the same happened with some jumping exercises he was asked to try.
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Did he go to the gym and use weights?
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Yes, after a few weeks, and if he used light weights, he could train without pain.
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He also tried cycling and found this beneficial, as his foot was not making contact with the ground.
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He expected a similar result with swimming, but found the repetitive kicking motion was actually aggravating the injury.
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Well, both these case studies have value...
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That is the end of Section 3.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Now turn to section 4 on page 6.

Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này

Video này có 76 câu và 804 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 6:49. Người nói giữ tốc độ đều, khoảng 118 từ mỗi phút, vừa sức để nói đuổi theo. 84% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.

Từ vựng quan trọng trong video

15 từ ít gặp trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:

  • stretch /stɹɛt͡ʃ/ (động từ) — duỗi. To lengthen by pulling.
  • heel /hil/ (danh từ) — gót, gót chân. The rear part of the foot, where it joins the leg.
  • technique /tɛkˈniːk/ (danh từ) — kỹ thuật, kĩ thuật. The practical aspects of a given art, occupation etc.; formal requirements.
  • muscle /ˈmʌs.əl/ (danh từ) — cơ, bắp thịt. A contractile form of tissue which animals use to effect movement.
  • anatomy /əˈnætəmi/ (danh từ) — giải phẫu học. The science that deals with the form and structure of organic bodies; anatomical structure or organization.
  • swell /swɛl/ (động từ) — sưng. To become larger, fuller, or rounder, or expand in size or shape, usually as a result of pressure from within.
  • bone /boʊn/ (danh từ) — chất xương, xương. A composite material consisting largely of calcium phosphate and collagen and making up the skeleton of most vertebrates.
  • harm /hɑːm/ (danh từ) — hại. Physical injury; hurt; damage.
  • compare /kəmˈpɛɚ/ (động từ) — so sánh, so. To assess the similarities and differences between two or more things [“to compare X with Y”]. Having made the comparison of X with Y, one might have found it…
  • afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/ (trạng từ) — sau này, sau đó. At a later or succeeding time; after that;
  • grass /ɡɹɑːs/ (danh từ) — cỏ. Any plant of the family Poaceae, characterized by leaves that arise from nodes in the stem and leaf bases that wrap around the stem, especially those grown as…
  • tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ (danh từ) — khăn giấy. Thin, woven, gauzelike fabric.
  • slide /ˈslaɪ̯d/ (danh từ) — cầu trượt, cầu tuột. An item of play equipment that children can climb up and then slide down again.
  • habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/ (danh từ) — thói quen. An action performed on a regular basis.
  • shoe /ˈʃu/ (danh từ) — giày. A protective covering for the foot, with a bottom part composed of thick leather or plastic sole and often a thicker heel, and a softer upper part made of…

Phát âm cần chú ý

Người nói dùng 19 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ I'll, I've, wasn't. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.

  • Âm “th”: athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/, physiotherapy /ˌfɪziəʊˈθerəpi/
  • Âm “sh” và “zh”: presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, shoe /ˈʃu/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, massage /məˈsɑ(d)ʒ/
  • Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: anatomy /əˈnætəmi/, uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, rehabilitation /ˌɹiː.əˌbɪl.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/, simplicity /sɪmˈplɪsɪti/

Cách luyện với video này

  1. Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
  2. Nói đuổi từng câu ở tốc độ bình thường, lặp lại mỗi câu đến khi nhịp của bạn khớp với người nói.
  3. Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như stretch, heel, technique.

Ngữ pháp trong video

Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:

Cấu trúcTrong video
Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làmare warmed · was shown · was prescribed
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tạiwe've organised · we've chosen · I've downloaded

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?

Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.

Phương pháp shadowing: đọc hướng dẫn từng bước đầy đủ →