쉐도잉 연습: Degrees of Murder - What Do They Mean? - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

연습 모드 선택

각 모드는 전체 화면 연습실로 열립니다.

188 문장

문장이 너무 짧거나 길면 Edit를 눌러 조정하세요.

The year is 2001 and a young woman is returning home to her apartment with her hands full of recently bought groceries.

As she walks down the hallway toward the door of her apartment, she sees her neighbor holding on to the leashes of two incredibly strong and vicious looking Mastiff dogs.

The woman is taking care of them, while their owner.

A high -ranking member of the Aryan Brotherhood serves time in prison.

No sooner than the dogs see the woman than they lunge forward, easily getting away from the woman who is holding them.

A savage attack ensues.

She does not survive the prolonged assault after being bitten on every part of her body beside her scalp

and the soles of her feet.

The woman who was looking after the dogs understood how dangerous they were.

She and her husband were both attorneys doing legal work for the imprisoned owner, so that's how they ended up with the dogs.

They were aware of how these dogs, the largest weighing in at 140 pounds, had been badly treated and were extremely aggressive.

Ok, viewers, think about that short story for a second.

You haven't been given all the facts, but you've heard the basics.

What was the person taking care of the dogs guilty of?

What about her husband? who wasn't even there at the time of the attack.

The answer is, both the husband and wife were sent to prison at first for involuntary manslaughter.

The thing is, the wife had at first been charged with what's called implied malice, second degree murder.

And although the jury had found her guilty of that, the judge rejected the decision.

Seven years later, the decision was reinstated.

The dogs, by the way, were euthanized after the attack.

You could say they had got the death sentence.

Some of you might now be thinking, "How come the husband was convicted of manslaughter even though he wasn't there?" Others might be thinking, "Well, he was equally responsible since he agreed to look after

the dogs." We're guessing most of you are wondering what on earth is implied malice second degree murder?

The short answer is it's a degree of murder.

In the realms of law and how it's applied, murder is far from simple.

Today we'll explain what all the degrees are, and to make things clearer for you we'll give you some rather stark examples.

Ok, so you've all heard the word "homicide." You probably watched a cop show and heard the line, "I think we've got a homicide on our hands." It basically means the killing of another person.

It might have happened through a reckless act, or it might have been on purpose.

It could have also been unintentional or on accident.

There is something called "non -culpable homicide." What that means is the act of killing a person was justified in some way, such as self -defense, or when a soldier kills another soldier.

It could also be an accident in which a person that caused the accident is not at all at

The Latin word culpa means fault or blame, so you can be culpable or not culpable.

When there's non -culpable homicide, compensation might be sought, but it's not a criminal offense.

However, if you cause an accident and someone dies it could be a criminal offense

if your actions were the result of.. willful blindness or negligence, A man in the US was convicted of negligent homicide after

he left his six -month -old daughter in a vehicle for six hours.

She died as a result.

The man claimed he'd forgotten.

After finding his daughter, he put her in the refrigerator to cool her down.

Even though all this sounds quite horrific, in the end he didn't do any prison time.

Negligent homicide is similar to manslaughter, but it's also different.

They both relate to killing a person without any intention to do so, although the former concerns not doing something rather than doing something.

Manslaughter is more about recklessness, while negligent homicide relates more to making a fatal mistake.

How courts see things depends on them, The guy who left his kid in the car could have been convicted of manslaughter, and there have even been cases where the same happened and the parent has been charged with the murder.

That happened in 2016 in Georgia.

As you'll understand, after you finish the show, what a person is charged with doesn't always make sense.

Or at least person A and person B can commit the exact same offense

and there are two different outcomes in relation to what they're convicted of.

Culpable homicide has three major categories: murder, manslaughter, and infanticide.

That means killing an infant, and as you'll see, there's more to it than this.

Let's start with something rather easy.

Take the story of Ted Bundy.

He killed people because he wanted to kill people.

That was his intention.

That's certainly a culpable homicide, as is hurting someone so bad that the perpetrator is pretty sure the injuries will lead to death.

this, but actually kills bystander Mrs. C.

What's that?

Well, it's still murder, even if the person didn't mean to kill Mrs. C, and that's because his first intention was to kill.

But in this case, the killing was transferred to another person.

This is called "transferred intent." Let's now give you an example.

A woman in the US was shot and killed even though she was totally unknown to the guy that pulled the trigger.

He was standing a block away having an argument with a guy when he shot the gun.

You could say he didn't mean to kill the woman, but because he did mean to kill the man, he was charged with murder with transferred intent.

Even if you do something that you know is so crazy

that it could possibly kill someone but you didn't have the explicit aim to kill someone, it can still be ruled as murder.

It basically means that your conduct was so damn dangerous and foolish that when a person died as a result, it is murder.

This could be said to be a third degree murder, something which not all states in the US have.

In other countries, it just wouldn't be called murder, it'd be called manslaughter.

It could also be called depraved heart murder which sounds like something from Middle Ages Britain.

We should say that this can be both second degree and third degree.

We told you this was complicated.

Let's give you a real -life example of a depraved heart murder.

There was a teenager in the US who thought it'd be a good idea to get the guys together

and play a game of Russian roulette.

That's never a good idea.

One kid died as a result.

During the trial, his defense argued that it wasn't murder because there was no intent, but in the end he was found guilty under the depraved heart murder doctrine.

We found a more recent example involving a man who supplied a woman with drugs, that the drugs were very strong.

She died sometime later, and the guy was convicted of depraved heart third -degree murder.

That happened in the state of Minnesota, a place where you can be convicted of third -degree murder for the murder of an unborn child.

This is how the kind of murder has been explained.

A murder without intent to affect the death of any person

causing the death of another by perpetrating the act eminently dangerous to others

and evincing an appraved mind without regard for human life.

Yep, being stupid can make you a murderer, in some countries at least.

In many countries if you can't prove killing with intent you will not be sentenced to murder at all, but the sentence of the crime will be based on just how reckless the action was.

Then you have second degree murder, which also differs from state to state, or how a jury in a state will view the crime.

Unlike what we've just talked about, it usually involves the killing of another without explicit intent.

Let's imagine that you lent your friend some cash, but when you ask for it back he refuses to pay up.

Worse than that, he tells you that you never gave him any money, and anyway you're a total pushover.

He then goes and tells his friend what a loser you are.

Another thing, your mom's always going on about how you need anger management sessions.

You are infuriated at that very moment and even though you have no plan to kill the guy, you just pick up a baseball bat that's handily lying around and whack him with it.

In this case, you might be charged with second degree murder because you didn't plan on killing him.

You did know though that when you violently swung that bat, you caused serious damage to his head.

If he actually started hitting you and you went overboard and smashed his head with the bat, it could be deemed a lesser crime, but we'll get around to that.

You could also have been charged with second -degree murder if you showed what's called extreme indifference to human life.

Let's imagine you didn't have a bat, but inside your house you had a gun.

Since your emotions were all exploding, you went into your house and grabbed it.

100

When you went outside, you just acted up, not really firing it at your friend, who was now some distance away laughing at you with his friends, but you fired over their heads to cause a scene.

101

Except someone was hit and died.

102

Maybe you thought it was an accident, but you showed extreme indifference to human life.

103

Now you're a second -degree murderer.

104

Something similar recently happened in Alaska.

105

Two men had been arguing in a car when the driver ordered his friend to get out.

106

The driver went on for a bit and then turned around.

107

He drove back in the same direction and swerved as if to hit his friend.

108

This could have been first degree murder, but it was only charged with second degree because it was thought he didn't really mean to kill him.

109

Ok, so what is that thing called felony murder?

110

It basically means that someone had the intent to commit a felony crime, but in the process of doing that someone was killed.

111

This can be complicated too, so we'll give you an example.

112

Two guys go into a clothing store with the intention of robbing it.

113

That's a felony crime, but during the commission of

114

that crime one of the guys pulls out a gun and shoots the store owner.

115

Ok, so the other guy didn't even know his buddy was carrying a gun, but it doesn't matter, he was there.

116

He could be charged with felony murder, either first degree or second degree, but likely first degree.

117

Let's now change the scenario.

118

Two guys go into the store unarmed, except this time the owner pulls out a gun and kills one of the offenders.

119

He leaves the other alone.

120

The owner is not charged with anything since he was protecting his property, but the surviving guy is charged with felony murder because it's partly his fault that his friend was shot.

121

This has happened, and it's happened a lot.

122

It's a good reason not to take part in a crime if you know your friends are unstable and dangerous.

123

Most countries would never convict, say, a getaway driver of murder or the guy keeping the lookout, but some states in the US have a zero tolerance to these crimes,

124

never mind if someone was just there.

125

A young man in 2004 was sentenced to life without parole

126

for a felony murder even though he wasn't close to the crime.

127

He'd just lent his car to some friends, but he'd been told they were going to steal drugs from people.

128

He didn't, however, know anyone would be killed.

129

This was what he later said, "I honestly thought they were going to get food." When they actually mentioned what was going on, I thought it was a joke.

130

His sentence was later reduced to 25 years.

131

The lesson to be learned here is don't lend your car to small -time gangsters.

132

You can end up facing a lifetime in prison.

133

You can also be convicted of capital murder, which is one that can lead to the death penalty.

134

This can be very straightforward, of course, but it can also be felony murder.

135

There are umpteen cases of people not pulling the trigger but were executed just because they were there.

136

In most cases, the people that didn't commit the actual murder were participants in the crime, but in some cases they may not have known anyone would be killed.

137

That's another reason not to hang out with maniacs.

138

It could get you an appointment with a cocktail of lethal drugs.

139

So what about that woman at the start of the show who was convicted of implied malice, second degree murder?

140

What exactly does that mean?

141

Some states will call this a murder in which a person shows a conscious disregard for life.

142

In this case, the jury agreed that the woman knew those dogs were capable of killing someone, and yet she still took them out for a walk.

143

She was also aware that if they should try to get away from her, she'd be helpless to stop them.

144

You could be charged with this if you joined in on beating some guy up.

145

You and your friends carried on doing it until the guy was black and blue.

146

You should have known this could result in death.

147

Another case in which it could happen is if you had firearms training and killed someone accidentally while showing off your gun.

148

Again, you should have known better.

149

Many drunk drivers have faced this charge.

150

Some courts might find you guilty of the lesser charge of manslaughter, but if they think you showed enough implied malice, they might actually find you guilty of murder.

151

Manslaughter also has degrees, and they can sound similar to some degrees of murder we've discussed.

152

actions, but you might not be charged with the crime at all.

153

Imagine you were walking down the street and some drunk guy bumped into you and then fell and hit his head.

154

That's not a crime, but what if you pushed him?

155

Well, if it's a crime will depend on how hard you pushed him and the whims of criminal justice.

156

There's involuntary manslaughter, which means unintentional killing of someone from negligence or reckless behavior.

157

That can also be sometimes deemed to be a kind of murder.

158

An example of involuntary manslaughter could be a guy It wasn't a depraved action,

159

and there was no malice unless the guy was drunk on something, and in most cases if he was just forgetful it would be involuntary manslaughter.

160

Let's give you a real -life example of an involuntary manslaughter, and a strange one at that.

161

A rich man hired a young man to dig a hole under his mansion to find a hidden nuclear bunker.

162

As the man was digging, there was an electrical fire and he died.

163

The rich man was later charged with involuntary manslaughter, which meant his reckless actions had caused the death.

164

But get this, he was also charged with second -degree depraved heart murder.

165

That's because he also showed a depraved indifference to human life.

166

If you're wondering how someone can be convicted of a lesser crime as well as a worse crime, it's because the jury can choose only the lesser crime if they want to.

167

There's also constructive manslaughter, which means someone is killed during the commission of a small crime.

168

Let's say you're driving recklessly and you hit someone, well that could be constructive manslaughter.

169

If you were driving normally and some kid just ran from behind a van in front of you, that was an accident.

170

Then there's voluntary manslaughter, which ends with someone being killed even though the person charged with the manslaughter didn't intend to kill someone.

171

He was also aware his actions could possibly lead to something very bad happening.

172

It's pretty common.

173

Imagine you get into a fight over who's next on the pool table.

174

You're not a killer, but you know how to defend yourself.

175

You hit the guy and he dies.

176

Okay, so you could be charged with second -degree murder, but because you acted knowing you were at risk, it's likely you'd be convicted of voluntary manslaughter.

177

home to find their spouse in bed with another person, they could get angry.

178

If a fight breaks out and someone dies, perhaps they are mitigating circumstances and the crime could be voluntary manslaughter.

179

Let's give you a real -life case.

180

Not long ago in the US, a man believed another man was dating his ex -girlfriend.

181

But both men got into an altercation with one of the men, the guy accused of dating the ex, thinking the other guy was going to pull a gun on him because he reached around his back.

182

"I didn't wait for his hand to come back up, and I shot him," he later told the court.

183

The other guy died.

184

That might sound like murder to you guys, and indeed, he was first charged with second -degree murder but in the end he got 25 years for voluntary manslaughter.

185

It seems it was thought there was no intent to kill, and this all happened in the heat of the moment.

186

But like many of the cases we've discussed today, there's sometimes no telling what a person might be convicted of.

187

Now, you need to watch Why Prisoner Proven Innocent Can't Be Released, or have a look at Innocent on Death Row.

188

Here's what you actually get when you're released.

앱 다운로드

유창하게 말하는 데 필요한 모든 것

AI 발음 평가문장마다 점수 확인

IPA 발음 연습모든 소리 마스터

단어 학습나만의 단어장 만들기

단어 게임놀면서 외우기

QR 스캔

Download on theApp Store Get it onGoogle Play

같은 채널

Crying - Why Do We Cry?

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

6'9" Brilliant Psychopath Who Hunted College Students (America's Most Evil Serial Killers)

Daily ConversationWorking Adults

FOR YOU

이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 C2 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Degrees of Murder - What Do They Mean?”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: murder, degree, manslaughter, crime, charged. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 188개와 단어 2999개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 13:28입니다. 화자는 분당 약 223단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 단어의 85%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
manslaughter 명사	/ˈmænˌslɔtɚ/	고살
homicide 명사	/ˈhɑ.məˌsaɪ̯d/	살인
depraved 형용사	/dɪˈpɹeɪvd/	타락한
reckless 형용사	/ˈɹɛkləs/	무모하다
indifference 명사	/ɪnˈdɪf.ɹəns/	무관심
lend 동사	/ˈlɛnd/	빌리다
negligence 명사	/ˈnɛɡlɪd͡ʒəns/	과실, 소홀
murderer 명사	/ˈmɝdɚɚ/	살인자
explicit 형용사	/ɪkˈsplɪs.ɪt/	명백(明白)하다, 명확(明確)하다
blindness 명사	/ˈblaɪndnəs/	장님
imprison 동사	/ɪmˈpɹɪzən/	투옥(投獄)하다
infanticide 명사	/ɪnˈfæntɪsaɪd/	영아 살해
maniac 명사	/ˈmeɪ.niˌæk/	광인, 미치광이
perpetrator 명사	/ˈpɜː(ɹ).pɪˌtɹeɪt.ə(ɹ)/	가해자
pushover 명사	/ˈpʊʃəʊvə(ɹ)/	호구

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	뜻
pull out 동사	회수(回收)하다
break out 동사	탈출하다
get out 동사	나오다, 나가다
pick up 동사	줍다
show off 동사	나대다
turn around 동사	회전하다

따라 말해 볼 만한 문장

영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:

Let's start with something rather easy.
Let's now change the scenario.
That's not a crime, but what if you pushed him?
Let's give you a real -life case.
Here's what you actually get when you're released.

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
조건문 if + 절, will/would + 동사 — 조건과 그 결과	if it's a crime will depend · if he was just forgetful it would be
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	being bitten · had been badly treated · been given
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	haven't been given · have even been · has been explained
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	woman who is · woman who was · guy who left

주의할 발음

화자는 didn't, you're, wasn't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 51번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: euthanize /ˈjuː.θənˌaɪz/, lethal /ˈliː.θəl/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: unintentional /ˌʌnɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/, altercation /ˌɔltɚˈkeɪʃən/, pushover /ˈpʊʃəʊvə(ɹ)/, vicious /ˈvɪʃəs/, foolish /ˈfuː.lɪʃ/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: involuntary /ɪnˈvɑ.lənˌtɛɹ.i/, voluntary /ˈvɑ.lənˌt(ɛ)ɹi/, unintentional /ˌʌnɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/, altercation /ˌɔltɚˈkeɪʃən/, eminently /ˈɛmɪnəntli/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: indifference /ɪnˈdɪf.ɹəns/, forgetful /fərˈɡɛtfəl/, infanticide /ɪnˈfæntɪsaɪd/, infuriate /ɪnˈfjʊəɹieɪt/, refrigerator /ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒ.əˌɹeɪ.tɚ/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: convict /ˈkɑnvɪkt/, depraved /dɪˈpɹeɪvd/, involuntary /ɪnˈvɑ.lənˌtɛɹ.i/, voluntary /ˈvɑ.lənˌt(ɛ)ɹi/, constructive /kənˈstɹʌktɪv/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: euthanize /ˈjuː.θənˌaɪz/, imprison /ɪmˈpɹɪzən/, groceries /ˈɡɹoʊ.s(ə.)ɹiz/, accuse /əˈkjuz/, loser /luzɚ/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, manslaughter, homicide, depraved 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

섀도잉 방법: 단계별 전체 가이드 읽기 →

쉐도잉 연습: Degrees of Murder - What Do They Mean? - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

연습 모드 선택

앱 다운로드

Crying - Why Do We Cry?

6'9" Brilliant Psychopath Who Hunted College Students (America's Most Evil Serial Killers)

What Happens When You Die?

Scientifically Proven Best Ways to Study

Crazy Laws That Still Exist Around The World

How To Lucid Dream in Your Sleep In 3 Minutes

20% Speed of Light!! NEW Light Engine is INSANE!

These Crimes Will Send You To Death Row

Insane Assassinations That Changed the World

Warren Buffett Is Selling NOW. The $397 Billion COLLAPSE.

The Limitless AI Lie. The Bubble Is Slowly BURSTING.

50 Insane Facts About Vietnam War You Didn't Know

15 Surprising Rules That Las Vegas Hotels Strictly Enforce

MH370's LAST Hunt. MYSTERY FINALLY SOLVED.

Innocent on Death Row, Here's What You Actually Get When You're Released

What Happens To Nuclear Waste?

Countries with the Worst Punishments Today

Maximum Security Prison Escape And Insane Crime Spree

Why Did Hitler Hate Jews

The Leaked Audit That Exposes OpenAI's Real Financial Crisis

Justice: What's The Right Thing To Do? Episode 01 "THE MORAL SIDE OF MURDER"

44 Audio Track

Bộ XƯƠNG trong rừng | Nhân chủng học pháp y | giáo sư Sue Black

The Maid Wanted To Escape…At Any Cost | Bedok Double Murders

How To Get Away with Murder - "Day One and you're unprepared"

The 3 ways stupidity spreads throughout a society | Jonny Thomson

TOEFL Listening Practice | Lecture | The Warrior Gene (M.A.O.A.)

How bite marks made one man a murder suspect | Part 1

We've Been Using The Wrong Science In Court For 50 years

Why Ancient Humans Were The Most TERRIFYING Animal Alive