쉐도잉 연습: How does a nuclear power plant work? - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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Electra -Belle has seven nuclear power plants, four in Doule and three in Tiange,
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covering half of the electricity consumption in Belgium without producing CO2.
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But how exactly does a nuclear power plant work?
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A nuclear power plant works to a large extent like a conventional thermal power plant.
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Water is converted into steam, which drives a turbine connected to a generator.
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This generator converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
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The only difference is that the heat, which converts water into steam, is produced by nuclear fission and not by burning coal, natural gas or biomass.
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The nuclear power plants of Duhl and Tiange use fissile uranium oxide.
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Uranium oxide is compressed into fuel pellets and packed into sealed fuel rods.
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Multiple rods in turn form fuel elements which are immersed in water within a reactor vessel made of 20 cm thick steel.
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The reactor vessel is subsequently hermetically sealed.
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The fission of the uranium can now begin by bombarding it with neutrons.
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In each fission, two or three neutrons are released.
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They in turn cause new fissions and thus creating a chain reaction.
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In a nuclear reactor, it's important that this chain reaction is controlled.
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After each fission, only one released neutron should cause a new fission.
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Boric acid in the water of the reactor vessel and lowered control rods absorb the oversupply of neutrons.
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By lowering all the control rods at the same time, the chain reaction is stopped within 1 .3 seconds.
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A nuclear power plant with a pressurized water reactor, such as Dool and Tiange, has three completely separated water circuits.
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A primary circuit, a secondary circuit, a tertiary circuit.
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In the primary circuit, the heat released during the fission of the uranium nuclei heats
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up the water in the reactor vessel to the temperature of 320 degrees Celsius.
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The pressure regulator keeps everything under high pressure, so the water does not boil or form steam hence the name High Pressure Reactor.
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The hot water passes via the primary circuit to a heat exchanger or steam generator.
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This is a cylindrical device with thousands of pipes in reverse U shape.
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The water runs through these pipes and gives the heat to the water of the secondary circuit, which flows alongside the exterior of the pipes.
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The water in the secondary circuit heats up and turns into steam.
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The steam from the steam generators drives one or more steam turbines.
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These turbines consist of a series of blades installed on a shaft.
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The high pressure of the steam causes the shaft to rotate very fast.
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This, in turn, drives a generator, which ultimately produces electricity, somewhat like a dynamo on a bicycle.
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Transformers increase the voltage of the electricity produced by the generator, allowing transportation of the electricity to the end users with as little loss as possible.
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To cool down, the steam coming from the turbines passes through a condenser.
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The cooling water from the tertiary circuit passes through the tubes of the condenser.
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In Dool, this cooling water comes from the schelder, in tiage, from the mass.
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The steam from the secondary circuit condenses to water and is returned to the steam generator to be heated again to steam.
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The warmed cooling water is brought to the cooling tower.
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There, it cools through contact with an ascending airflow, the natural chimney effect as it were.
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The majority of this water is collected in a basin at the bottom of the cooling tower
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and then returned to the condenser.
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Almost all the water is subsequently discharged back into the schelder or the mass.
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Only a small part leaves the cooling tower as water vapor.
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