跟讀練習: How does a nuclear power plant work? - 通過影片學習英語口語
選擇練習模式
每種模式都會開啟全屏練習室。
42 句
如果句子過短或過長，請點選 Edit 進行調整。
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Electra -Belle has seven nuclear power plants, four in Doule and three in Tiange,
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covering half of the electricity consumption in Belgium without producing CO2.
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But how exactly does a nuclear power plant work?
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A nuclear power plant works to a large extent like a conventional thermal power plant.
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Water is converted into steam, which drives a turbine connected to a generator.
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This generator converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
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The only difference is that the heat, which converts water into steam, is produced by nuclear fission and not by burning coal, natural gas or biomass.
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The nuclear power plants of Duhl and Tiange use fissile uranium oxide.
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Uranium oxide is compressed into fuel pellets and packed into sealed fuel rods.
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Multiple rods in turn form fuel elements which are immersed in water within a reactor vessel made of 20 cm thick steel.
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The reactor vessel is subsequently hermetically sealed.
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The fission of the uranium can now begin by bombarding it with neutrons.
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In each fission, two or three neutrons are released.
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They in turn cause new fissions and thus creating a chain reaction.
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In a nuclear reactor, it's important that this chain reaction is controlled.
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After each fission, only one released neutron should cause a new fission.
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Boric acid in the water of the reactor vessel and lowered control rods absorb the oversupply of neutrons.
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By lowering all the control rods at the same time, the chain reaction is stopped within 1 .3 seconds.
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A nuclear power plant with a pressurized water reactor, such as Dool and Tiange, has three completely separated water circuits.
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A primary circuit, a secondary circuit, a tertiary circuit.
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In the primary circuit, the heat released during the fission of the uranium nuclei heats
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up the water in the reactor vessel to the temperature of 320 degrees Celsius.
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The pressure regulator keeps everything under high pressure, so the water does not boil or form steam hence the name High Pressure Reactor.
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The hot water passes via the primary circuit to a heat exchanger or steam generator.
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This is a cylindrical device with thousands of pipes in reverse U shape.
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The water runs through these pipes and gives the heat to the water of the secondary circuit, which flows alongside the exterior of the pipes.
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The water in the secondary circuit heats up and turns into steam.
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The steam from the steam generators drives one or more steam turbines.
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These turbines consist of a series of blades installed on a shaft.
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The high pressure of the steam causes the shaft to rotate very fast.
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This, in turn, drives a generator, which ultimately produces electricity, somewhat like a dynamo on a bicycle.
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Transformers increase the voltage of the electricity produced by the generator, allowing transportation of the electricity to the end users with as little loss as possible.
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To cool down, the steam coming from the turbines passes through a condenser.
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The cooling water from the tertiary circuit passes through the tubes of the condenser.
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In Dool, this cooling water comes from the schelder, in tiage, from the mass.
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The steam from the secondary circuit condenses to water and is returned to the steam generator to be heated again to steam.
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The warmed cooling water is brought to the cooling tower.
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There, it cools through contact with an ascending airflow, the natural chimney effect as it were.
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The majority of this water is collected in a basin at the bottom of the cooling tower
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and then returned to the condenser.
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Almost all the water is subsequently discharged back into the schelder or the mass.
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Only a small part leaves the cooling tower as water vapor.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這段影片共有 42 個句子、605 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 3:56。 說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 154 個詞，接近日常對話。 只有 70% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| generator 名詞 | /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ | 發電機 /發電機 |
| reactor 名詞 | /ɹiˈæktɚ/ | 反應器 /反應器 |
| vessel 名詞 | /ˈvɛsəl/ | 船隻 /船隻, 船 |
| uranium 名詞 | /ˌjuː.ˈɹeɪ.ni.əm/ | 鈾 /鈾 |
| turbine 名詞 | /ˈtɜː.baɪn/ | 渦輪機 /渦輪機, 輪機 /輪機 |
| pipe 名詞 | /ˈpaɪp/ | 笛子, 管子 |
| seal 名詞 | /siːl/ | 印章, 圖章 /圖章 |
| shaft 名詞 | /ˈʃɑːft/ | 杆 |
| oxide 名詞 | /ˈɑksaɪd/ | 氧化物 |
| tertiary 形容詞 | /ˈtɜː.ʃi.ə.ɹiː/ | 第三的 |
| extent 名詞 | /ɪkˈstɛnt/ | 範圍 /範圍 |
| element 名詞 | /ˈɛləmənt/ | 要素 |
| thick 形容詞 | /θɪk/ | ху, 厚 |
| acid 名詞 | /ˈæsɪd/ | 酸 |
| alongside | /əˌlɔŋˈsaɪd/ | 旁邊 /旁邊 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| cool down 動詞 | /kuːl ˈdaʊn/ | 冷卻 /冷卻 |
| heat up 動詞 | 加熱 /加熱 |
需要注意的發音
- “th” 音: thick /θɪk/, thermal /ˈθɜːməl/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: shaft /ˈʃɑːft/, tertiary /ˈtɜː.ʃi.ə.ɹiː/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/, conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/, fission /ˈfɪʃən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: generator /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, uranium /ˌjuː.ˈɹeɪ.ni.əm/, subsequently /ˈsʌb.sɪ.kwənt.li/, tertiary /ˈtɜː.ʃi.ə.ɹiː/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 generator, reactor, vessel 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。