跟读练习: How does a nuclear power plant work? - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Electra -Belle has seven nuclear power plants, four in Doule and three in Tiange,
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covering half of the electricity consumption in Belgium without producing CO2.
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But how exactly does a nuclear power plant work?
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A nuclear power plant works to a large extent like a conventional thermal power plant.
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Water is converted into steam, which drives a turbine connected to a generator.
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This generator converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
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The only difference is that the heat, which converts water into steam, is produced by nuclear fission and not by burning coal, natural gas or biomass.
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The nuclear power plants of Duhl and Tiange use fissile uranium oxide.
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Uranium oxide is compressed into fuel pellets and packed into sealed fuel rods.
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Multiple rods in turn form fuel elements which are immersed in water within a reactor vessel made of 20 cm thick steel.
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The reactor vessel is subsequently hermetically sealed.
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The fission of the uranium can now begin by bombarding it with neutrons.
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In each fission, two or three neutrons are released.
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They in turn cause new fissions and thus creating a chain reaction.
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In a nuclear reactor, it's important that this chain reaction is controlled.
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After each fission, only one released neutron should cause a new fission.
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Boric acid in the water of the reactor vessel and lowered control rods absorb the oversupply of neutrons.
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By lowering all the control rods at the same time, the chain reaction is stopped within 1 .3 seconds.
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A nuclear power plant with a pressurized water reactor, such as Dool and Tiange, has three completely separated water circuits.
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A primary circuit, a secondary circuit, a tertiary circuit.
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In the primary circuit, the heat released during the fission of the uranium nuclei heats
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up the water in the reactor vessel to the temperature of 320 degrees Celsius.
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The pressure regulator keeps everything under high pressure, so the water does not boil or form steam hence the name High Pressure Reactor.
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The hot water passes via the primary circuit to a heat exchanger or steam generator.
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This is a cylindrical device with thousands of pipes in reverse U shape.
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The water runs through these pipes and gives the heat to the water of the secondary circuit, which flows alongside the exterior of the pipes.
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The water in the secondary circuit heats up and turns into steam.
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The steam from the steam generators drives one or more steam turbines.
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These turbines consist of a series of blades installed on a shaft.
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The high pressure of the steam causes the shaft to rotate very fast.
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This, in turn, drives a generator, which ultimately produces electricity, somewhat like a dynamo on a bicycle.
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Transformers increase the voltage of the electricity produced by the generator, allowing transportation of the electricity to the end users with as little loss as possible.
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To cool down, the steam coming from the turbines passes through a condenser.
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The cooling water from the tertiary circuit passes through the tubes of the condenser.
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In Dool, this cooling water comes from the schelder, in tiage, from the mass.
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The steam from the secondary circuit condenses to water and is returned to the steam generator to be heated again to steam.
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The warmed cooling water is brought to the cooling tower.
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There, it cools through contact with an ascending airflow, the natural chimney effect as it were.
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The majority of this water is collected in a basin at the bottom of the cooling tower
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and then returned to the condenser.
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Almost all the water is subsequently discharged back into the schelder or the mass.
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Only a small part leaves the cooling tower as water vapor.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 42 个句子、605 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 3:56。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 154 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 70% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| generator 名词 | /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ | 發電機 /发电机 |
| reactor 名词 | /ɹiˈæktɚ/ | 反應器 /反应器 |
| vessel 名词 | /ˈvɛsəl/ | 船隻 /船只, 船 |
| uranium 名词 | /ˌjuː.ˈɹeɪ.ni.əm/ | 鈾 /铀 |
| turbine 名词 | /ˈtɜː.baɪn/ | 渦輪機 /涡轮机, 輪機 /轮机 |
| pipe 名词 | /ˈpaɪp/ | 笛子, 管子 |
| seal 名词 | /siːl/ | 印章, 圖章 /图章 |
| shaft 名词 | /ˈʃɑːft/ | 杆 |
| oxide 名词 | /ˈɑksaɪd/ | 氧化物 |
| tertiary 形容词 | /ˈtɜː.ʃi.ə.ɹiː/ | 第三的 |
| extent 名词 | /ɪkˈstɛnt/ | 範圍 /范围 |
| element 名词 | /ˈɛləmənt/ | 要素 |
| thick 形容词 | /θɪk/ | ху, 厚 |
| acid 名词 | /ˈæsɪd/ | 酸 |
| alongside | /əˌlɔŋˈsaɪd/ | 旁邊 /旁边 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| cool down 动词 | /kuːl ˈdaʊn/ | 冷卻 /冷却 |
| heat up 动词 | 加熱 /加热 |
需要注意的发音
- “th” 音: thick /θɪk/, thermal /ˈθɜːməl/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: shaft /ˈʃɑːft/, tertiary /ˈtɜː.ʃi.ə.ɹiː/, consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/, conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/, fission /ˈfɪʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: generator /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, uranium /ˌjuː.ˈɹeɪ.ni.əm/, subsequently /ˈsʌb.sɪ.kwənt.li/, tertiary /ˈtɜː.ʃi.ə.ɹiː/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 generator, reactor, vessel 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。