쉐도잉 연습: How reading shapes your brain ⏲️ 6 Minute English - YouTube로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Hello.
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Welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Bekah.
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And I'm Georgie.
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Remember, you can find all this episode's vocabulary along with a transcript and worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.
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Now, Bekah, do you read a lot?
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Hmm, I don't read often.
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I just feel like I don't have the time, Georgie.
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How about yourself?
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I would love to read more, but I don't read very much at the moment.
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I read mostly before bed because I feel like it helps me relax and go to sleep.
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And today we're talking all about reading.
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We'll be hearing from some experts about how reading can change our brains.
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And as usual, we'll be learning some useful new words and phrases.
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Let's start with a quiz question.
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The longest novel in the world is widely thought to be by French author Marcel Proust, a book which, when translated into English, means remembrance of things past.
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But how many words does the book contain?
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Is it A, 130,000, B, 1.3 million, or C, 13 million?
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OK, the longest novel in the world.
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I still think 13 million words sounds too many.
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So I'm going to go with B, 1.3 million.
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All right, we'll find out at the end of the program.
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Now, we might think of reading as like speaking.
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We're born with the potential to do it,
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and then we learn it's natural if something is natural it's something you were born with or that comes from nature
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but Marianne Wolfe author of the book reader come home says that this isn't true we think
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of language as natural and reading is written language so it must be natural but it isn't it isn't natural at all all.
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Scientific studies suggest that when we're born, our brains already have the networks that allow our eyes to see and our vocal cords to produce sounds, but not with the pathways we need to read.
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Let's hear more from psychologist and neuroscientist Rebecca Gottlieb, speaking to the BBC World Service.
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From an evolutionary timescale, our brain hasn't had enough time to develop a dedicated reading brain.
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And so to build a reading brain network, we co-op parts of the brain involved in vision and auditory processing and language and attention and affect.
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Reading is really a whole brain process.
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It involves activation in all four lobes of the cortex.
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The process of developing a reading brain alters everything from brain activity to brain structure and brain connectivity.
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The power of deep reading is really fundamental to our humanity.
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When we read deeply, we change our brains and we change who we are.
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Rebecca says that our brains haven't evolved to include a dedicated reading brain.
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Dedicated here means designed and used for one particular purpose.
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So because we don't have a part of the brain designed specifically for reading, when we learn to read we co-opt other parts of the brain.
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Co-opt here means to include someone or something, often against their will.
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Right, learning to read means using lots of different parts of the brain that are designed for other things and this changes our brain structure compared to someone who hasn't learned to read.
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And the language we read also shapes our brain.
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Chinese characters, for example, use symbols instead of letters of the alphabet to represent words and ideas.
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Research suggests that learning to read these symbols activates different areas of the brain to reading an alphabet-based system.
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Scientists studied a bilingual man who could read and speak Chinese and English.
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The man suffered a stroke which affected parts of his brain, including his ability to read Chinese.
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But amazingly, he was still able to read English.
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Marianne Wolfe explains more to the BBC World Service.
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It's a beautiful example of how the brain circuit reflects the requirements of Chinese,
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which inevitably means more visual memory and visual processing of those beautifully intricate symbols or characters.
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Mary-Anne says that the brain circuit is shaped by learning to read Chinese.
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A circuit is a system of connections.
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The visual qualities of Chinese symbols inevitably mean more visual areas of the brain are developed.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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Marianne describes the symbolic Chinese characters as beautifully intricate.
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If something is intricate, it has lots of detail.
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And something which also has lots of detail, or certainly lots of words, I asked you, Georgie, how many words are in Marcel Proust's Remembrance of Things Past?
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I said 1.3 million.
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And you were correct!
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Yay!
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The book also contains lots of very long sentences, including one with over 900 words.
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One sentence with 900 words, that is a lot.
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OK, it's time to recap the language we learned during this programme, starting with natural, which describes something you were born with or that comes from nature.
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Dedicated can describe something that is designed and used for one particular purpose.
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If you co-opt someone or something, you involve them, sometimes against their will.
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A circuit is a system of connections, for example, in the brain.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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And intricate describes something which has lots of detail.
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That's it for this episode of 6 Minute English.
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Test what you've learnt with the worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.
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Thanks for joining us.
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Goodbye.
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Bye.
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문법 및 문맥 속 표현

  • “Reading is really a whole brain process.” - 이 문장은 읽기가 뇌의 모든 부분을 사용한다는 점을 강조합니다. 'is' 동사 사용이 문장의 핵심 주제를 명확히 하는 데 도움을 줍니다.
  • “Our brains haven't evolved to include a dedicated reading brain.” - 여기서 'haven't evolved'는 현재완료 부정형으로, 뇌 발달의 현재 상태를 설명합니다.
  • “We co-opt parts of the brain involved in vision and auditory processing.” - 'co-opt'라는 동사는 특정 기능을 위해 다른 것을 활용하는 의미를 가지고 있습니다. 이 문장은 뇌의 복합적 기능을 설명하는 데 유용합니다.
  • “It involves activation in all four lobes of the cortex.” - 이 문장은 과학적 사실을 바탕으로 합니다. 'involves' 사용은 여러 요소가 포함되어 있음을 나타냅니다.

일반적인 발음 함정

비디오에서 다룬 내용을 통해 몇 가지 어려운 발음을 알아보겠습니다. 'dedicated'라는 단어에서 /dɛdɪˌkeɪtɪd/처럼 세 음절을 정확히 발음하는 것이 중요합니다. 그리고 'activation'은 /ˌæktɪˈveɪʃən/으로, 겉으로 보기에는 간단하지만 정확한 발음이 필요합니다. 또한, 'co-opt'의 /koʊ.ɑːpt/ 역시 발음의 미세한 차이가 의사소통에 영향을 줄 수 있습니다. 이러한 단어들을 연습하며 영어 발음 교정을 시도해 보세요. 비디오 내용을 따르며 발음을 교정하는 방법으로, shadowing site를 활용할 수 있습니다.

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