跟读练习: How reading shapes your brain ⏲️ 6 Minute English - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Hello.
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Welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.
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I'm Bekah.
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And I'm Georgie.
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Remember, you can find all this episode's vocabulary along with a transcript and worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.
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Now, Bekah, do you read a lot?
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Hmm, I don't read often.
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I just feel like I don't have the time, Georgie.
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How about yourself?
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I would love to read more, but I don't read very much at the moment.
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I read mostly before bed because I feel like it helps me relax and go to sleep.
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And today we're talking all about reading.
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We'll be hearing from some experts about how reading can change our brains.
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And as usual, we'll be learning some useful new words and phrases.
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Let's start with a quiz question.
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The longest novel in the world is widely thought to be by French author Marcel Proust, a book which, when translated into English, means remembrance of things past.
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But how many words does the book contain?
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Is it A, 130,000, B, 1.3 million, or C, 13 million?
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OK, the longest novel in the world.
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I still think 13 million words sounds too many.
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So I'm going to go with B, 1.3 million.
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All right, we'll find out at the end of the program.
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Now, we might think of reading as like speaking.
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We're born with the potential to do it,
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and then we learn it's natural if something is natural it's something you were born with or that comes from nature
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but Marianne Wolfe author of the book reader come home says that this isn't true we think
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of language as natural and reading is written language so it must be natural but it isn't it isn't natural at all all.
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Scientific studies suggest that when we're born, our brains already have the networks that allow our eyes to see and our vocal cords to produce sounds, but not with the pathways we need to read.
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Let's hear more from psychologist and neuroscientist Rebecca Gottlieb, speaking to the BBC World Service.
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From an evolutionary timescale, our brain hasn't had enough time to develop a dedicated reading brain.
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And so to build a reading brain network, we co-op parts of the brain involved in vision and auditory processing and language and attention and affect.
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Reading is really a whole brain process.
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It involves activation in all four lobes of the cortex.
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The process of developing a reading brain alters everything from brain activity to brain structure and brain connectivity.
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The power of deep reading is really fundamental to our humanity.
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When we read deeply, we change our brains and we change who we are.
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Rebecca says that our brains haven't evolved to include a dedicated reading brain.
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Dedicated here means designed and used for one particular purpose.
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So because we don't have a part of the brain designed specifically for reading, when we learn to read we co-opt other parts of the brain.
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Co-opt here means to include someone or something, often against their will.
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Right, learning to read means using lots of different parts of the brain that are designed for other things and this changes our brain structure compared to someone who hasn't learned to read.
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And the language we read also shapes our brain.
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Chinese characters, for example, use symbols instead of letters of the alphabet to represent words and ideas.
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Research suggests that learning to read these symbols activates different areas of the brain to reading an alphabet-based system.
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Scientists studied a bilingual man who could read and speak Chinese and English.
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The man suffered a stroke which affected parts of his brain, including his ability to read Chinese.
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But amazingly, he was still able to read English.
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Marianne Wolfe explains more to the BBC World Service.
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It's a beautiful example of how the brain circuit reflects the requirements of Chinese,
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which inevitably means more visual memory and visual processing of those beautifully intricate symbols or characters.
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Mary-Anne says that the brain circuit is shaped by learning to read Chinese.
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A circuit is a system of connections.
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The visual qualities of Chinese symbols inevitably mean more visual areas of the brain are developed.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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Marianne describes the symbolic Chinese characters as beautifully intricate.
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If something is intricate, it has lots of detail.
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And something which also has lots of detail, or certainly lots of words, I asked you, Georgie, how many words are in Marcel Proust's Remembrance of Things Past?
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I said 1.3 million.
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And you were correct!
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Yay!
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The book also contains lots of very long sentences, including one with over 900 words.
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One sentence with 900 words, that is a lot.
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OK, it's time to recap the language we learned during this programme, starting with natural, which describes something you were born with or that comes from nature.
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Dedicated can describe something that is designed and used for one particular purpose.
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If you co-opt someone or something, you involve them, sometimes against their will.
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A circuit is a system of connections, for example, in the brain.
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Inevitably means in a way that cannot be stopped or avoided.
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And intricate describes something which has lots of detail.
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That's it for this episode of 6 Minute English.
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Test what you've learnt with the worksheet on our website, bbclearningenglish.com.
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Thanks for joining us.
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Goodbye.
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Bye.
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在这段来自BBC学习英语的6分钟英语节目中，主持人Bekah和Georgie讨论了阅读对人脑的影响。他们提到，尽管许多人认为阅读是自然的能力，但科学研究表明，我们的大脑实际上并没有专门为阅读而发展的结构。专家Rebecca Gottlieb解释道，阅读是一种需要调动大脑多个部分的复杂过程，这与我们用来处理视觉和语言的区域有关。这段对话旨在让听众了解阅读如何塑造我们的思维方式，同时增强语言技能，特别在雅思口语练习方面。
日常交流的五大短语
- 我想更多地阅读，但目前没时间。 - 这句可以表达你对阅读的渴望。
- 我觉得这有助于我放松。 - 适用于讨论阅读的好处。
- 科学研究表明…… - 用于引入研究和科学发现。
- 我们的大脑尚未进化出专门的阅读大脑。 - 解释阅读过程的复杂性。
- 这对我们的脑结构有很大影响。 - 用来讨论阅读对大脑的改变。
逐步影子练习指南
如果您想利用这段视频来提升英语口语能力，可以参考以下影子练习（shadowspeak）步骤。通过这些步骤，您不仅能够更好地理解内容，还能提升表达能力，尤其是在雅思口语练习中。
- 第一次收听：第一遍听整段对话，专注于整体内容，尽量理解大意。
- 第二次收听：注意每个短语和句子的发音，尝试模仿说话者的语调和节奏，像shadow speech那样进行逐句跟读。
- 摘录短语：从对话中选择你认为有用的短语，将它们写下来，尝试在日常交流中使用。
- 角色扮演：与朋友或同学一起进行角色扮演，分别扮演Bekah和Georgie，练习对话。
- 录制并回放：将自己的声音录下来，与对话进行比较，注意发音和语调的差异，并进行相应的调整。
通过这些影子练习，您不仅能提升口语能力，还能更深入地理解阅读对大脑的影响，让您的语言表达更加丰富。这将极大有助于您的雅思口语练习，帮助您在不同场合中自信地交流。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。