쉐도잉 연습: Learn How to Read the IPA | Phonetic Alphabet - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
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Hi, everyone. Do you know what the IPA is? It's the International Phonetic Alphabet.
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These are the symbols that represent the sounds we say. Can you read this sentence?
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I speak English.
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Do you have to know the IPA to become fluent in English? No. Do you have to know the IPA to have good pronunciation? No. Not necessarily. But if you know the IPA, it's a tool that can help you. Being familiar with the IPA will make more information accessible to you, like the pronunciation listed in a dictionary. You'll also have greater awareness of individual sounds, and this will help you both hear and produce clearer contrasts between similar sounds.
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I'm Jennifer from English with Jennifer, and using the IPA, I'd like to take you through the consonant and vowel sounds in American English. Please note there are variations of the IPA, but having familiarity with one system will make it easier to understand another. I often refer to the Longman Dictionary of American English, and I have a number of pronunciation textbooks in my personal library. One I've always liked is Accurate English by Rebecca Dauer.
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Let's start with the consonant sounds. It's easy to recognize B, P, D, and T. Look. When we see the letter B, we say /b/. Can you read this word?
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Baby. Note the use of the stress symbol to show that the first syllable is stressed: baby. P is /p/. How about this word? It's something we all desire: peace. The letter D makes the sound /d/. If you understood how to read "peace," you can figure out this word: deep. A true T sounds like /t/. Do you remember this word? Baby. So now try to read this word: date. Good.
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Now in American English the letter T can have different pronunciations.
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In a word like "little," we use a flap T. It looks like this. Here's how we write "little." So can you figure out this word? Battle.
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American English speakers may use a glottal stop in a word like "fountain." There are different symbols for a glottal stop. One of them looks like this. We often use a glottal stop when T comes before a pause or another consonant sound. Read these words with me, and we'll use a glottal stop.
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At. It. What.
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The symbols for G and K are easy to recognize. The letter G sounds like /g/.
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What word is this? Pig. The letter K sounds like /k/. Read these words: pick, key. Good.
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Let's look at four more symbols that are easy to read. They represent V, F, Z, and S. V is /v/. Read these words: give, live. F is /f/. Can you read these words?
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If. Fit. Z is /z/. Where might you see a monkey if you live in a big city? At a zoo. S is /s/. If this is "zoo," then what girl's name is this? Sue. Right.
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Excellent. Next, we have two symbols for "th." If TH is voiced, we use this symbol, as in: though, those. If TH is unvoiced, we use this symbol, as in: thin, thought.
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The "j" sound can have different spellings, but the phonetic symbol is this. A short version of my name is "Jen." Can you recognize who this person is? Judge.
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This symbol represents /tʃ/, which can be written with a CH or a TCH.
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What part of the face is this? Chin. And some people still wear a watch.
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How do we tell people to be quiet? Shh. Read these words with me. She. Sheep. Sheet.
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This symbol represents present /ʒ/ as in: treasure, measure. The phonetic symbols for H, L, M, and N are thankfully easier to read. H sounds like /h/ as in "head." L makes the /l/ sound. Read these words with me. Led. Let. List.
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M is /m/ as in: met, mist. N is /n/ as in "net: and the number "ten." Have you ever seen this symbol? It kind of looks like "n," right? It represents the "ng" sound. Can you read these words?
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Ring. Sing.
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R as a consonant sounds like /r/. You just read "ring," so what's this word? Wrong.
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The W and Y sounds are also easy to recognize. W sounds like /w/. Can you read these words?
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Wing. Wet. Y sounds like /y/. I'm confident you can read these words: yes, yet. Good job.
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For more detailed information about how the consonant sounds are made, you can watch my video on the 24 consonant sounds in American English.
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Now it's time to go through the vowel sounds. Ready? There are 15 vowel sounds in American English. Again, there are different systems, so other resources may not match the list I'm sharing with you, but it does correspond to my playlist on Vowel Sounds in American English.
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First, read the front vowels with me. /i, ɪ, eɪ, ɛ, æ/ Now see if you can match words to their phonetic transcriptions.
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Here are two more vowel sounds. First, "uh" as in "fun." But if this sound is unstressed, you'll see the schwa symbol. It looks like an upside down "e." This is the same sound basically, but it's unstressed. Which syllable is stressed in the word "confident"? Confident. The first one is stressed, right? This means the other two vowel sounds are unstressed. Take a look at the phonetic transcription. Confident. See how the "e" becomes a schwa? In fact, some dictionaries show "confident" like this, with two schwa symbols. Confident. The truth is that the difference between a short i and a schwa in an unstressed syllable in fast speech can be really hard to hear hard to hear with confidence. Confident. Confidence. Confidently.
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Look at the stressed syllable in "confident" again, and you'll see this symbol. Confident. /ɑ/ as in "confident" and as in "father." Now say these back vowel sounds with me. /u, ʊ, oʊ, ɔ/ For Some American English speakers, including me, there isn't always a big difference between /ɔ/ in "jaw" and /ɑ/ as in "father" or "confident." In fact, I have to really think about it to produce a clear difference. Can you match these words to their phonetic transcriptions?
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Now we'll look at three diphthongs. They each use two symbols because they represent a gliding from one vowel sound to another. Repeat after me. /aɪ, aʊ, ɔɪ/ Can you read the words?
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like how toy kite around moist tonight shout join Great. Finally we have this symbol to represent /ɚ/.
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I know the /ɚ/ sound is a tricky sound for many learners to pronounce. If you need a more detailed explanation, you can go to my playlist on vowel sounds in American English. Read with me.
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sir shirt flirt learn work term Now see if you can read these words that use other vowel sounds in combination with /ɚ/.
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ear fair heart more higher power How about a final challenge to review everything? Again, the goal here is increased familiarity with the IPA. I don't expect you to have all the symbols memorized at this point, especially if you've never seen the symbols before. We're going to read slowly. Okay?
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But if you really want to challenge yourself, you can pause the video. Read aloud. Then play the video. Listen and check to see if you read the symbols correctly.
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Pronunciation is important, but that doesn't mean you have to lose your accent. Look back at "pronunciation." You'll see two stress marks. That's because there's primary stress and secondary stress. This is common in longer words. Look at "important." I just said that carefully and with a true T. With faster, more relaxed pronunciation, I'd probably use a glottal stop: important. Also, the sound /ɔr/ can be written a couple different ways. Some dictionaries will show it like this. Others may show it like that.
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I prefer the /ɚ/ sound because then it reminds me that we're really combining two vowel sounds.
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/ɔɚ/ Important or important. Finally you'll see some reduction here. "To" is reduced because it's not stressed. So I say /tə/. Also, "your" is reduced. Tt's not stressed, so I say /yɚ/. Your. Your accent.
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You don't have to sound exactly like a native speaker. Note how I flap the T in "native." Even native speakers have accents.
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The main goal should be to speak clearly and accurately.
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Note that the word "clearly" can also be transcribed this way. And some dictionaries may list accurately with a second schwa sound because that syllable is unstressed.
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Accent training is about accent reduction, and you work towards having smooth, clear speech.
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So continue your pronunciation practice, but have realistic goals and have faith that your training will pay off.
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Here's the full text, and I'll read at a natural pace.
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Pronunciation is important, but that doesn't mean you have to lose your accent. You don't have to sound exactly like a native speaker. Even native speakers have accents. The main goal should be to speak clearly and accurately. Accent training is about accent reduction, and you work towards having smooth, clear speech. So continue your pronunciation practice, but have realistic goals, and have faith that your training will pay off.
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We'll end here. Please remember to like and share the video if you found the lesson useful. As always, always thanks for watching and happy studies!
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I'd like to say a special thank you to a Kind-Hearted Patron Yummy Bian pledged $2 a month. Thank you.
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Follow me on Instagram, Facebook, X, and Patreon. And don't forget to subscribe here on YouTube. Turn on those notifications.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 B1 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Learn How to Read the IPA”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: sound, word, symbol, English, vowel. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 50개와 단어 1584개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 19:27입니다. 화자는 분당 약 81단어로 천천히 말해서 소리 하나하나를 따라 하기에 여유가 있습니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 78%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다. 전체 50문장 중 28문장이 질문이어서 의문문 억양과 짧은 대답을 연습하기에 좋습니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| symbol 명사 | /ˈsɪmbəl/ | 상징, 부호 |
| vowel 명사 | /ˈvaʊ.əl/ | 모음, 홀소리 |
| pronunciation 명사 | /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/ | 발음 |
| accent 명사 | /ækˈsɛnt/ | 강세, 억양 |
| consonant 명사 | /ˈkɑn.sə.nənt/ | 자음, 닿소리 |
| syllable 명사 | /ˈsɪl.ə.bəl/ | 음절 |
| unstressed 형용사 | /ʌnˈstɹɛst/ | 강세가 없다 |
| dictionary 명사 | /ˈdɪk.ʃəˌnɛ.ɹi/ | 사전, 자서 |
| playlist 명사 | /ˈpleɪˌlɪst/ | 플레이리스트 |
| pause 명사 | /pɔːz/ | 멈춤, 휴지 |
| realistic 형용사 | /ˌɹɪəˈlɪs.tɪk/ | 현실적 |
| diphthong 명사 | /ˈdɪpˌθɔŋ/ | 이중모음 |
| learner 명사 | /ˈlɜɹnəɹ/ | 학습자 |
| memorize 동사 | /ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/ | 기억하다, 암기하다 |
| correspond 동사 | /ˌkoɹəˈspɑnd/ | 일치하다, 부합하다 |
따라 말해 볼 만한 문장
영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:
- Can you read this sentence?
- Can you read this word?
- Do you remember this word?
- Can you read these words?
- You just read "ring," so what's this word?
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | is stressed · is voiced · can be written |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | I've always liked · you've never seen |
| “might / may” 가능성 might/may + 동사 — 가능하지만 확실하지 않은 일 | may use · may not match · may show |
| “should” 조언 should + 동사 — 하는 것이 좋은 일을 말할 때 | should be |
주의할 발음
화자는 you'll, don't, I'd 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 26번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, schwa /ʃwɑ/, dictionary /ˈdɪk.ʃəˌnɛ.ɹi/, transcription /tɹænˈskɹɪpʃən/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/, dictionary /ˈdɪk.ʃəˌnɛ.ɹi/, accurately /ˈæk.jə.ɹɪt.li/, familiarity /fəmɪliˈæɹɪti/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: phonetic /fəˈnɛt.ɪk/, familiarity /fəmɪliˈæɹɪti/, flap /flæp/, fluent /ˈfluənt/, flirt /flɚt/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: vowel /ˈvaʊ.əl/, unvoiced /ˌʌnˈvɔɪst/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: pause /pɔːz/, memorize /ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, symbol, vowel, pronunciation 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.