쉐도잉 연습: Statin Misinformation: Mayo Clinic Radio - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Welcome back to Mayo Clinic Radio.

I'm Dr. Tom Shives.

And I'm Tracy McRae.

Statins are medicines that are used to lower cholesterol in the blood.

And, you know, they're big sellers in the United States.

I think statins are the second or third most commonly prescribed prescription drug in the United States.

And for those with high cholesterol, statins work by blocking a substance in your body that's needed to make cholesterol.

and they may also help your body reabsorb cholesterol that's built up in plaques on your artery walls.

That's a good thing.

You get rid of that plaque.

Now, statins can prevent further blockage in your blood vessels and help reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke.

Now, the reason that this topic came up is because a good friend of ours gave my wife, Kula, a book.

and it was called The New Health Rules by Frank Lipman, MD, and Danielle Claro.

And it's a New York Times bestselling book.

Okay, it must be good.

Yeah, well, you'd think.

I started leafing through it and I got to this one chapter

and the title of the chapter was Step Away from Statins.

And it went on to say, if you're on a statin drug like Lipitor to lower your cholesterol,

you may know that there's controversy surrounding these medications.

And here's the clarity.

Lowering cholesterol does not, it turns out, prevent heart attacks and strokes.

We have been sold a bill of goods.

The big deal about this is that millions of people are on statins unnecessarily, and statins cause diabetes, liver damage,

nervous system problems, muscle weakness, and more.

I figured we needed a second opinion from a Mayo Clinic expert.

So maybe statins aren't for everyone, and they aren't without risk.

The information or misinformation that's available can be confusing for consumers.

Here to discuss statins is Mayo Clinic cardiologist Dr. Stephen Kopetsky.

Welcome back to the program, Dr. Kopetsky.

Thank you, Tracy and Tom.

All right, Dr. Kopetsky, we need the straight scoop.

Can statins prevent heart attacks and strokes or not?

Statins can unequivocally prevent heart attack and strokes.

Now, where does stuff like this come from?

I mean, here's a New York Times bestselling book, and it says statins can't do it.

Yeah.

It comes from, I think, the fact that statins don't reduce your risk to zero, number one.

Number two is it's becoming very clear that lifestyle is extremely important.

By that I mean if you are not fit, cardiovascular fitness, being active and can walk, if you do not follow a good diet,

eating good foods, then the statin benefits are severely limited,

meaning uh in one large study of people on statins not on statins

if they weren't eating well eating like a mediterranean diet the 40 percent of people

that were a lot of the bottom part of the eating

structure so to speak got no benefit from statins whatsoever in reducing heart attack

or stroke so you can overeat your statin is

that right yeah uh so it's not it's a myth that if you're taking a statin, you can eat anything you want.

That is absolutely not true.

In fact, if you do anything you want, you may as well not take the statin.

I mean, it really doesn't help you much.

And if I have patients that I put them into two categories, one is people with disease.

If they've had a stroke, they had a positive stress test, they've had a stent, they really need a statin.

And everybody agrees about that.

The second group are the ones that don't have disease.

They never had a heart attack, never had chest pain.

They don't have, you know, any narrowing of their arteries.

Diabetes?

Yeah, even diabetes, because so many people are getting diabetes now, that that's not enough.

And those folks, I say, listen, you have two choices, either take a pill or change your lifestyle.

And to me, it's a no -brainer.

If you'll change the lifestyle, that's so much better than taking a pill.

Are patients wanting to change their lifestyle and take a pill?

Yeah.

Oh, sure.

No, they want to do that.

And oftentimes we'll, we will go along that route and say, okay, you're, you're not eating correctly.

You're not being active.

You're still smoking.

Why don't we start you on a pill to lower your cholesterol and also have you start working on your lifestyle.

The problem is you can't change your lifestyle overnight.

It takes months to years.

Say, bring you back in nine months, 12 months, eating differently, being active.

If you've really lowered your cholesterol a lot with the medicine and you've done nothing to change your lifestyle, then it's all the medicine.

We say, okay, let's keep you on the medicine.

But if you come back in a year and you've really changed your lifestyle, you're starting to be active.

You're walking every day now.

You give up the cigarettes.

You're eating more fruits and vegetables.

and you're getting better with your cholesterol, say, listen, maybe we can back off on this pill because you've changed your lifestyle so much.

That may be all you need.

Would you say

that there are a fair number of people in this country who are taking the statin who really don't need

it or shouldn't be taking it?

Well, I think there are a lot of people

that are taking it that are taking it to the exclusion of changing their lifestyle.

They think if I take this pill, I can eat anything I want.

And that's just not true.

What are some of the statins? side effects that patients experience with statins?

I mean, is dementia one of them?

Dementia is not one of them.

We've all had patients that have had problems remembering things, but if you look at big studies, it doesn't seem to be a problem.

The big issue is two things.

One is muscle aches.

A lot of people get muscle aches.

It's very interesting.

If you tell people what they're on, it's a statin, they get more aches than if they don't know they're on a statin.

But clearly, I've had patients, and I myself have been on six different statins.

I couldn't wake up.

I couldn't get out of bed one morning.

100

I was so stiff.

101

I thought I had rheumatoid arthritis.

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Is that right?

103

Yeah.

104

And so I stopped it on my own.

105

It went away.

106

I started up and it came back.

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So I believe that it's real.

108

Number two issue to worry about is diabetes.

109

Now, if you take a statin, you have a higher chance of becoming a diabetic.

110

However, only people that become diabetics on a statin are the ones that were going to become one anyway.

111

And they become it about three months earlier on the statin.

112

There are people that have high blood sugars.

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They're obese.

114

They have a big punch they have metabolic syndrome.

115

Is it true that if you are diabetic you shouldn't be on a statin?

116

No, that's not true.

117

That is not true.

118

If you're diabetic, your risk for heart disease is higher, so those are the ones we try to get on statins.

119

Didn't you tell us once that

120

almost 50 % of people who are in the emergency room with a heart attack have diabetes?

121

Yeah, it's almost that high because it's just a huge instance of the population now that has diabetes.

122

All related to obesity?

123

Almost all related to obesity.

124

And it's interesting, when a man becomes a diabetic, his risk for heart disease always goes up a little bit.

125

When a woman becomes a diabetic, it really goes up a lot.

126

Now, how do you explain that?

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Well, probably because we've got a bunch of middle -aged men with big paunches

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that are that far away from being a diabetic, and women are a little different.

129

Ah, interesting.

130

We've got just a minute or so remaining.

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I want to ask you about coconut oil, because it's gotten so popular.

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Not only you eat it you spread it around you use

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it for massage oil you drink

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it you whatever give us the lowdown on coconut oil is it all

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it's cracked up to be keep coconut oil on your skin don't put

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it in your body there was a study probably 40 years ago tom

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and tracy where they looked at giving people lard or butter

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or tallow you know fat from animals or coconut oil guess

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which one raised your bad cholesterol the most coconut really oh

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so delicious yes well coconut water is a little different it's you know watered down

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but i've had patients that come in

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and take a tablespoon of oil a day they said doctor

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i've heard it was good for wrinkles yeah well

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you get sort of greasy all over don't you all right there's the lowdown on cholesterol lowering statin drugs

145

and also on coconut oil from Mayo Clinic preventive cardiologist, Dr. Stephen Kopetsky.

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Always glad to have you on the program.

147

Thanks for being here.

148

Thank you.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Statin Misinformation: Mayo Clinic Radio”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: statin, cholesterol, lifestyle, diabetic, coconut. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 148개와 단어 1530개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 7:52입니다. 화자는 분당 약 194단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 80%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
cholesterol 명사	/kəˈlɛstəɹɒl/	콜레스테롤, 콜레스테린
diabetes 명사	/ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/	당뇨병
coconut 명사	/ˈkəʊ.kə.nʌt/	코코넛, 야자열매
pill 명사	/pɪl/	알약, 알
muscle 명사	/ˈmʌs.əl/	근육
obesity 명사	/ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/	비만
dementia 명사	/dɪˈmɛnʃə/	치매
artery 명사	/ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/	동맥
topic 명사	/ˈtɑpɪk/	화제, 주제
crack 명사	/kɹæk/	틈
butter 명사	/ˈbʌtɚ/	버터, 빠다
narrow 형용사	/ˈnæɹəʊ/	좁은, 좁다
delicious 형용사	/dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/	맛있다
punch 명사	/pʌnt͡ʃ/	펀치
vessel 명사	/ˈvɛsəl/	배, 선박

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	발음	뜻
go up 동사		올라가다
come back 동사		돌아오다
come up 동사		올라오다
give up 동사		항복하다
go away 동사		떠나다, 떠나가다
wake up 동사	/ˌweɪk ˈʌp/	눈뜨다, 일어나다

따라 말해 볼 만한 문장

영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:

I mean, it really doesn't help you much.
The problem is you can't change your lifestyle overnight.
We say, okay, let's keep you on the medicine.
You're walking every day now.
I mean, is dementia one of them?

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	have been sold · they've had · you've really lowered
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	was called · have been sold

주의할 발음

화자는 you're, don't, they're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 52번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: myth /mɪθ/, arthritis /ɑːˈθɹ(a)ɪtɪs/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: dementia /dɪˈmɛnʃə/, delicious /dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, massage /məˈsɑ(d)ʒ/, prescription /pɹəˈskɹɪp.ʃən/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: cholesterol /kəˈlɛstəɹɒl/, obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, controversy /kənˈtɹɒv.ə.si/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: lifestyle /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/, fitness /ˈfɪt.nəs/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, folk /foʊk/, leaf /lif/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: vessel /ˈvɛsəl/, controversy /kənˈtɹɒv.ə.si/, overnight /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈnaɪt/, whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/, vegetable /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/, confuse /kənˈfjuːz/, oftentimes /ˈɔf.ənˌtaɪmz/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, cholesterol, diabetes, coconut 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: Statin Misinformation: Mayo Clinic Radio - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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