Практика Shadowing: Statin Misinformation: Mayo Clinic Radio - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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Welcome back to Mayo Clinic Radio.

I'm Dr. Tom Shives.

And I'm Tracy McRae.

Statins are medicines that are used to lower cholesterol in the blood.

And, you know, they're big sellers in the United States.

I think statins are the second or third most commonly prescribed prescription drug in the United States.

And for those with high cholesterol, statins work by blocking a substance in your body that's needed to make cholesterol.

and they may also help your body reabsorb cholesterol that's built up in plaques on your artery walls.

That's a good thing.

You get rid of that plaque.

Now, statins can prevent further blockage in your blood vessels and help reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke.

Now, the reason that this topic came up is because a good friend of ours gave my wife, Kula, a book.

and it was called The New Health Rules by Frank Lipman, MD, and Danielle Claro.

And it's a New York Times bestselling book.

Okay, it must be good.

Yeah, well, you'd think.

I started leafing through it and I got to this one chapter

and the title of the chapter was Step Away from Statins.

And it went on to say, if you're on a statin drug like Lipitor to lower your cholesterol,

you may know that there's controversy surrounding these medications.

And here's the clarity.

Lowering cholesterol does not, it turns out, prevent heart attacks and strokes.

We have been sold a bill of goods.

The big deal about this is that millions of people are on statins unnecessarily, and statins cause diabetes, liver damage,

nervous system problems, muscle weakness, and more.

I figured we needed a second opinion from a Mayo Clinic expert.

So maybe statins aren't for everyone, and they aren't without risk.

The information or misinformation that's available can be confusing for consumers.

Here to discuss statins is Mayo Clinic cardiologist Dr. Stephen Kopetsky.

Welcome back to the program, Dr. Kopetsky.

Thank you, Tracy and Tom.

All right, Dr. Kopetsky, we need the straight scoop.

Can statins prevent heart attacks and strokes or not?

Statins can unequivocally prevent heart attack and strokes.

Now, where does stuff like this come from?

I mean, here's a New York Times bestselling book, and it says statins can't do it.

Yeah.

It comes from, I think, the fact that statins don't reduce your risk to zero, number one.

Number two is it's becoming very clear that lifestyle is extremely important.

By that I mean if you are not fit, cardiovascular fitness, being active and can walk, if you do not follow a good diet,

eating good foods, then the statin benefits are severely limited,

meaning uh in one large study of people on statins not on statins

if they weren't eating well eating like a mediterranean diet the 40 percent of people

that were a lot of the bottom part of the eating

structure so to speak got no benefit from statins whatsoever in reducing heart attack

or stroke so you can overeat your statin is

that right yeah uh so it's not it's a myth that if you're taking a statin, you can eat anything you want.

That is absolutely not true.

In fact, if you do anything you want, you may as well not take the statin.

I mean, it really doesn't help you much.

And if I have patients that I put them into two categories, one is people with disease.

If they've had a stroke, they had a positive stress test, they've had a stent, they really need a statin.

And everybody agrees about that.

The second group are the ones that don't have disease.

They never had a heart attack, never had chest pain.

They don't have, you know, any narrowing of their arteries.

Diabetes?

Yeah, even diabetes, because so many people are getting diabetes now, that that's not enough.

And those folks, I say, listen, you have two choices, either take a pill or change your lifestyle.

And to me, it's a no -brainer.

If you'll change the lifestyle, that's so much better than taking a pill.

Are patients wanting to change their lifestyle and take a pill?

Yeah.

Oh, sure.

No, they want to do that.

And oftentimes we'll, we will go along that route and say, okay, you're, you're not eating correctly.

You're not being active.

You're still smoking.

Why don't we start you on a pill to lower your cholesterol and also have you start working on your lifestyle.

The problem is you can't change your lifestyle overnight.

It takes months to years.

Say, bring you back in nine months, 12 months, eating differently, being active.

If you've really lowered your cholesterol a lot with the medicine and you've done nothing to change your lifestyle, then it's all the medicine.

We say, okay, let's keep you on the medicine.

But if you come back in a year and you've really changed your lifestyle, you're starting to be active.

You're walking every day now.

You give up the cigarettes.

You're eating more fruits and vegetables.

and you're getting better with your cholesterol, say, listen, maybe we can back off on this pill because you've changed your lifestyle so much.

That may be all you need.

Would you say

that there are a fair number of people in this country who are taking the statin who really don't need

it or shouldn't be taking it?

Well, I think there are a lot of people

that are taking it that are taking it to the exclusion of changing their lifestyle.

They think if I take this pill, I can eat anything I want.

And that's just not true.

What are some of the statins? side effects that patients experience with statins?

I mean, is dementia one of them?

Dementia is not one of them.

We've all had patients that have had problems remembering things, but if you look at big studies, it doesn't seem to be a problem.

The big issue is two things.

One is muscle aches.

A lot of people get muscle aches.

It's very interesting.

If you tell people what they're on, it's a statin, they get more aches than if they don't know they're on a statin.

But clearly, I've had patients, and I myself have been on six different statins.

I couldn't wake up.

I couldn't get out of bed one morning.

100

I was so stiff.

101

I thought I had rheumatoid arthritis.

102

Is that right?

103

Yeah.

104

And so I stopped it on my own.

105

It went away.

106

I started up and it came back.

107

So I believe that it's real.

108

Number two issue to worry about is diabetes.

109

Now, if you take a statin, you have a higher chance of becoming a diabetic.

110

However, only people that become diabetics on a statin are the ones that were going to become one anyway.

111

And they become it about three months earlier on the statin.

112

There are people that have high blood sugars.

113

They're obese.

114

They have a big punch they have metabolic syndrome.

115

Is it true that if you are diabetic you shouldn't be on a statin?

116

No, that's not true.

117

That is not true.

118

If you're diabetic, your risk for heart disease is higher, so those are the ones we try to get on statins.

119

Didn't you tell us once that

120

almost 50 % of people who are in the emergency room with a heart attack have diabetes?

121

Yeah, it's almost that high because it's just a huge instance of the population now that has diabetes.

122

All related to obesity?

123

Almost all related to obesity.

124

And it's interesting, when a man becomes a diabetic, his risk for heart disease always goes up a little bit.

125

When a woman becomes a diabetic, it really goes up a lot.

126

Now, how do you explain that?

127

Well, probably because we've got a bunch of middle -aged men with big paunches

128

that are that far away from being a diabetic, and women are a little different.

129

Ah, interesting.

130

We've got just a minute or so remaining.

131

I want to ask you about coconut oil, because it's gotten so popular.

132

Not only you eat it you spread it around you use

133

it for massage oil you drink

134

it you whatever give us the lowdown on coconut oil is it all

135

it's cracked up to be keep coconut oil on your skin don't put

136

it in your body there was a study probably 40 years ago tom

137

and tracy where they looked at giving people lard or butter

138

or tallow you know fat from animals or coconut oil guess

139

which one raised your bad cholesterol the most coconut really oh

140

so delicious yes well coconut water is a little different it's you know watered down

141

but i've had patients that come in

142

and take a tablespoon of oil a day they said doctor

143

i've heard it was good for wrinkles yeah well

144

you get sort of greasy all over don't you all right there's the lowdown on cholesterol lowering statin drugs

145

and also on coconut oil from Mayo Clinic preventive cardiologist, Dr. Stephen Kopetsky.

146

Always glad to have you on the program.

147

Thanks for being here.

148

Thank you.

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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «Statin Misinformation: Mayo Clinic Radio». Чаще всего повторяются слова: statin, cholesterol, lifestyle, diabetic, coconut. В этом видео 148 предложений и 1530 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 7:52. Говорящий говорит быстро, около 194 слов в минуту, поэтому звуки часто сливаются и сокращаются. Только 80% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:

Слово	Произношение	Значение
cholesterol существительное	/kəˈlɛstəɹɒl/	холестери́н
lifestyle существительное	/ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/	стиль жи́зни, о́браз жи́зни
diabetes существительное	/ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/	диабе́т
coconut существительное	/ˈkəʊ.kə.nʌt/	коко́с, коко́совый оре́х
pill существительное	/pɪl/	табле́тка, пилю́ля
muscle существительное	/ˈmʌs.əl/	мы́шца, му́скул
obesity существительное	/ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/	ожире́ние, ту́чность
dementia существительное	/dɪˈmɛnʃə/	деме́нция, слабоу́мие
plaque существительное	/plæk/	бля́шка, бля́ха
artery существительное	/ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/	арте́рия
topic существительное	/ˈtɑpɪk/	те́ма, предме́т
crack существительное	/kɹæk/	тре́щина
butter существительное	/ˈbʌtɚ/	ма́сло, сли́вочное ма́сло
fitness существительное	/ˈfɪt.nəs/	приго́дность, го́дность
narrow прилагательное	/ˈnæɹəʊ/	у́зкий, те́сный

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

Слово	Произношение	Значение
go up глагол		поднима́ться, подня́ться
come back глагол		возвраща́ться, возврати́ться
come up глагол		поднима́ться, подня́ться
give up глагол		сдава́ться, сда́ться
go away глагол		уходи́ть, уйти́
start up глагол	/stɑɹˈtʌp/	вывалиться, взя́ться
turn out глагол		ока́зываться, оказа́ться
wake up глагол	/ˌweɪk ˈʌp/	просыпа́ться, просну́ться

Фразы, которые стоит повторять

Короткие законченные фразы из видео, которые пригодятся в повседневном разговоре:

I mean, it really doesn't help you much.
The problem is you can't change your lifestyle overnight.
We say, okay, let's keep you on the medicine.
You're walking every day now.
I mean, is dementia one of them?

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас	have been sold · they've had · you've really lowered
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	was called · have been sold

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 52 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например you're, don't, they're. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

Звуки «th»: myth /mɪθ/, arthritis /ɑːˈθɹ(a)ɪtɪs/
Звуки «sh» и «zh»: dementia /dɪˈmɛnʃə/, delicious /dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, massage /məˈsɑ(d)ʒ/, prescription /pɹəˈskɹɪp.ʃən/
Длинные слова — следите за ударением: cholesterol /kəˈlɛstəɹɒl/, obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, controversy /kənˈtɹɒv.ə.si/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

/w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: weakness /ˈwik.nɪs/, whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/, unequivocally /ˌʌnɪˈkwɪvək(ə)li/
Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/, massage /məˈsɑ(d)ʒ/, surround /səˈɹaʊnd/, confuse /kənˈfjuːz/, blockage /ˈblɑkɪd͡ʒ/

Как заниматься с этим видео

Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как cholesterol, lifestyle, diabetes.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →

Практика Shadowing: Statin Misinformation: Mayo Clinic Radio - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Ключевая лексика этого видео

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

Фразы, которые стоит повторять

Грамматика в этом видео

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Как заниматься с этим видео

Что такое техника Shadowing?