Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Statin Misinformation: Mayo Clinic Radio
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Welcome back to Mayo Clinic Radio.
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I'm Dr. Tom Shives.
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And I'm Tracy McRae.
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Statins are medicines that are used to lower cholesterol in the blood.
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And, you know, they're big sellers in the United States.
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I think statins are the second or third most commonly prescribed prescription drug in the United States.
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And for those with high cholesterol, statins work by blocking a substance in your body that's needed to make cholesterol.
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and they may also help your body reabsorb cholesterol that's built up in plaques on your artery walls.
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That's a good thing.
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You get rid of that plaque.
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Now, statins can prevent further blockage in your blood vessels and help reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke.
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Now, the reason that this topic came up is because a good friend of ours gave my wife, Kula, a book.
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and it was called The New Health Rules by Frank Lipman, MD, and Danielle Claro.
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And it's a New York Times bestselling book.
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Okay, it must be good.
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Yeah, well, you'd think.
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I started leafing through it and I got to this one chapter
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and the title of the chapter was Step Away from Statins.
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And it went on to say, if you're on a statin drug like Lipitor to lower your cholesterol,
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you may know that there's controversy surrounding these medications.
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And here's the clarity.
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Lowering cholesterol does not, it turns out, prevent heart attacks and strokes.
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We have been sold a bill of goods.
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The big deal about this is that millions of people are on statins unnecessarily, and statins cause diabetes, liver damage,
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nervous system problems, muscle weakness, and more.
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I figured we needed a second opinion from a Mayo Clinic expert.
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So maybe statins aren't for everyone, and they aren't without risk.
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The information or misinformation that's available can be confusing for consumers.
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Here to discuss statins is Mayo Clinic cardiologist Dr. Stephen Kopetsky.
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Welcome back to the program, Dr. Kopetsky.
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Thank you, Tracy and Tom.
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All right, Dr. Kopetsky, we need the straight scoop.
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Can statins prevent heart attacks and strokes or not?
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Statins can unequivocally prevent heart attack and strokes.
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Now, where does stuff like this come from?
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I mean, here's a New York Times bestselling book, and it says statins can't do it.
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Yeah.
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It comes from, I think, the fact that statins don't reduce your risk to zero, number one.
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Number two is it's becoming very clear that lifestyle is extremely important.
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By that I mean if you are not fit, cardiovascular fitness, being active and can walk, if you do not follow a good diet,
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eating good foods, then the statin benefits are severely limited,
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meaning uh in one large study of people on statins not on statins
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if they weren't eating well eating like a mediterranean diet the 40 percent of people
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that were a lot of the bottom part of the eating
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structure so to speak got no benefit from statins whatsoever in reducing heart attack
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or stroke so you can overeat your statin is
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that right yeah uh so it's not it's a myth that if you're taking a statin, you can eat anything you want.
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That is absolutely not true.
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In fact, if you do anything you want, you may as well not take the statin.
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I mean, it really doesn't help you much.
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And if I have patients that I put them into two categories, one is people with disease.
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If they've had a stroke, they had a positive stress test, they've had a stent, they really need a statin.
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And everybody agrees about that.
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The second group are the ones that don't have disease.
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They never had a heart attack, never had chest pain.
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They don't have, you know, any narrowing of their arteries.
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Diabetes?
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Yeah, even diabetes, because so many people are getting diabetes now, that that's not enough.
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And those folks, I say, listen, you have two choices, either take a pill or change your lifestyle.
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And to me, it's a no -brainer.
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If you'll change the lifestyle, that's so much better than taking a pill.
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Are patients wanting to change their lifestyle and take a pill?
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Yeah.
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Oh, sure.
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No, they want to do that.
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And oftentimes we'll, we will go along that route and say, okay, you're, you're not eating correctly.
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You're not being active.
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You're still smoking.
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Why don't we start you on a pill to lower your cholesterol and also have you start working on your lifestyle.
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The problem is you can't change your lifestyle overnight.
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It takes months to years.
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Say, bring you back in nine months, 12 months, eating differently, being active.
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If you've really lowered your cholesterol a lot with the medicine and you've done nothing to change your lifestyle, then it's all the medicine.
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We say, okay, let's keep you on the medicine.
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But if you come back in a year and you've really changed your lifestyle, you're starting to be active.
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You're walking every day now.
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You give up the cigarettes.
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You're eating more fruits and vegetables.
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and you're getting better with your cholesterol, say, listen, maybe we can back off on this pill because you've changed your lifestyle so much.
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That may be all you need.
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Would you say
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that there are a fair number of people in this country who are taking the statin who really don't need
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it or shouldn't be taking it?
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Well, I think there are a lot of people
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that are taking it that are taking it to the exclusion of changing their lifestyle.
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They think if I take this pill, I can eat anything I want.
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And that's just not true.
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What are some of the statins? side effects that patients experience with statins?
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I mean, is dementia one of them?
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Dementia is not one of them.
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We've all had patients that have had problems remembering things, but if you look at big studies, it doesn't seem to be a problem.
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The big issue is two things.
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One is muscle aches.
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A lot of people get muscle aches.
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It's very interesting.
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If you tell people what they're on, it's a statin, they get more aches than if they don't know they're on a statin.
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But clearly, I've had patients, and I myself have been on six different statins.
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I couldn't wake up.
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I couldn't get out of bed one morning.
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I was so stiff.
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I thought I had rheumatoid arthritis.
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Is that right?
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Yeah.
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And so I stopped it on my own.
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It went away.
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I started up and it came back.
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So I believe that it's real.
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Number two issue to worry about is diabetes.
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Now, if you take a statin, you have a higher chance of becoming a diabetic.
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However, only people that become diabetics on a statin are the ones that were going to become one anyway.
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And they become it about three months earlier on the statin.
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There are people that have high blood sugars.
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They're obese.
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They have a big punch they have metabolic syndrome.
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Is it true that if you are diabetic you shouldn't be on a statin?
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No, that's not true.
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That is not true.
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If you're diabetic, your risk for heart disease is higher, so those are the ones we try to get on statins.
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Didn't you tell us once that
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almost 50 % of people who are in the emergency room with a heart attack have diabetes?
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Yeah, it's almost that high because it's just a huge instance of the population now that has diabetes.
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All related to obesity?
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Almost all related to obesity.
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And it's interesting, when a man becomes a diabetic, his risk for heart disease always goes up a little bit.
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When a woman becomes a diabetic, it really goes up a lot.
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Now, how do you explain that?
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Well, probably because we've got a bunch of middle -aged men with big paunches
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that are that far away from being a diabetic, and women are a little different.
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Ah, interesting.
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We've got just a minute or so remaining.
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I want to ask you about coconut oil, because it's gotten so popular.
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Not only you eat it you spread it around you use
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it for massage oil you drink
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it you whatever give us the lowdown on coconut oil is it all
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it's cracked up to be keep coconut oil on your skin don't put
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it in your body there was a study probably 40 years ago tom
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and tracy where they looked at giving people lard or butter
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or tallow you know fat from animals or coconut oil guess
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which one raised your bad cholesterol the most coconut really oh
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so delicious yes well coconut water is a little different it's you know watered down
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but i've had patients that come in
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and take a tablespoon of oil a day they said doctor
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i've heard it was good for wrinkles yeah well
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you get sort of greasy all over don't you all right there's the lowdown on cholesterol lowering statin drugs
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and also on coconut oil from Mayo Clinic preventive cardiologist, Dr. Stephen Kopetsky.
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Always glad to have you on the program.
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Thanks for being here.
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Thank you.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “Statin Misinformation: Mayo Clinic Radio”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: statin, cholesterol, lifestyle, diabetic, coconut. Video này có 148 câu và 1530 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 7:52. Người nói nói nhanh, khoảng 194 từ mỗi phút, nên sẽ có nhiều chỗ nối âm và nuốt âm. Chỉ 80% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng khá khó.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| diabetes danh từ | /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ | đái tháo đường, tiểu đường |
| coconut danh từ | /ˈkəʊ.kə.nʌt/ | (trái / quả) dừa |
| pill danh từ | /pɪl/ | viên, viên thuốc |
| muscle danh từ | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | cơ, bắp thịt |
| obesity danh từ | /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/ | béo phì |
| dementia danh từ | /dɪˈmɛnʃə/ | suy giảm trí nhớ, chứng mất trí |
| artery danh từ | /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ | động mạch |
| topic danh từ | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | chủ đề |
| butter danh từ | /ˈbʌtɚ/ | bơ |
| narrow tính từ | /ˈnæɹəʊ/ | hẹp, chật hẹp |
| delicious tính từ | /dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/ | ngon |
| punch danh từ | /pʌnt͡ʃ/ | cú đấm |
| vessel danh từ | /ˈvɛsəl/ | thuyền lớn, tàu thuỷ |
| controversy danh từ | /kənˈtɹɒv.ə.si/ | tranh cãi |
| substance danh từ | /ˈsʌbstəns/ | vật chất |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| go up động từ | lên | |
| come back động từ | trở lại, trở về | |
| give up động từ | đầu hàng | |
| wake up động từ | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | thức dậy, dậy lên |
Những câu đáng luyện lại
Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:
- I mean, it really doesn't help you much.
- The problem is you can't change your lifestyle overnight.
- We say, okay, let's keep you on the medicine.
- You're walking every day now.
- I mean, is dementia one of them?
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | have been sold · they've had · you've really lowered |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | was called · have been sold |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 52 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ you're, don't, they're. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: myth /mɪθ/, arthritis /ɑːˈθɹ(a)ɪtɪs/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: dementia /dɪˈmɛnʃə/, delicious /dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, massage /məˈsɑ(d)ʒ/, prescription /pɹəˈskɹɪp.ʃən/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: cholesterol /kəˈlɛstəɹɒl/, obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, controversy /kənˈtɹɒv.ə.si/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: punch /pʌnt͡ʃ/, substance /ˈsʌbstəns/, massage /məˈsɑ(d)ʒ/, surround /səˈɹaʊnd/, cardiologist /ˌkɑɹdiˈɑlədʒɪst/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: punch /pʌnt͡ʃ/, massage /məˈsɑ(d)ʒ/, vegetable /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/, exclusion /ɪksˈkluːʒən/, cardiologist /ˌkɑɹdiˈɑlədʒɪst/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: plaque /plæk/, crack /kɹæk/, narrow /ˈnæɹəʊ/, clarity /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.ti/, cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như diabetes, coconut, pill.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.