跟讀練習: Statin Misinformation: Mayo Clinic Radio - 通過影片學習英語口語
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1
Welcome back to Mayo Clinic Radio.
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I'm Dr. Tom Shives.
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And I'm Tracy McRae.
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Statins are medicines that are used to lower cholesterol in the blood.
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And, you know, they're big sellers in the United States.
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I think statins are the second or third most commonly prescribed prescription drug in the United States.
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And for those with high cholesterol, statins work by blocking a substance in your body that's needed to make cholesterol.
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and they may also help your body reabsorb cholesterol that's built up in plaques on your artery walls.
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That's a good thing.
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You get rid of that plaque.
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Now, statins can prevent further blockage in your blood vessels and help reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke.
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Now, the reason that this topic came up is because a good friend of ours gave my wife, Kula, a book.
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and it was called The New Health Rules by Frank Lipman, MD, and Danielle Claro.
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And it's a New York Times bestselling book.
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Okay, it must be good.
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Yeah, well, you'd think.
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I started leafing through it and I got to this one chapter
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and the title of the chapter was Step Away from Statins.
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And it went on to say, if you're on a statin drug like Lipitor to lower your cholesterol,
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you may know that there's controversy surrounding these medications.
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And here's the clarity.
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Lowering cholesterol does not, it turns out, prevent heart attacks and strokes.
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We have been sold a bill of goods.
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The big deal about this is that millions of people are on statins unnecessarily, and statins cause diabetes, liver damage,
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nervous system problems, muscle weakness, and more.
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I figured we needed a second opinion from a Mayo Clinic expert.
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So maybe statins aren't for everyone, and they aren't without risk.
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The information or misinformation that's available can be confusing for consumers.
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Here to discuss statins is Mayo Clinic cardiologist Dr. Stephen Kopetsky.
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Welcome back to the program, Dr. Kopetsky.
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Thank you, Tracy and Tom.
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All right, Dr. Kopetsky, we need the straight scoop.
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Can statins prevent heart attacks and strokes or not?
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Statins can unequivocally prevent heart attack and strokes.
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Now, where does stuff like this come from?
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I mean, here's a New York Times bestselling book, and it says statins can't do it.
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Yeah.
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It comes from, I think, the fact that statins don't reduce your risk to zero, number one.
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Number two is it's becoming very clear that lifestyle is extremely important.
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By that I mean if you are not fit, cardiovascular fitness, being active and can walk, if you do not follow a good diet,
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eating good foods, then the statin benefits are severely limited,
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meaning uh in one large study of people on statins not on statins
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if they weren't eating well eating like a mediterranean diet the 40 percent of people
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that were a lot of the bottom part of the eating
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structure so to speak got no benefit from statins whatsoever in reducing heart attack
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or stroke so you can overeat your statin is
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that right yeah uh so it's not it's a myth that if you're taking a statin, you can eat anything you want.
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That is absolutely not true.
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In fact, if you do anything you want, you may as well not take the statin.
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I mean, it really doesn't help you much.
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And if I have patients that I put them into two categories, one is people with disease.
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If they've had a stroke, they had a positive stress test, they've had a stent, they really need a statin.
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And everybody agrees about that.
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The second group are the ones that don't have disease.
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They never had a heart attack, never had chest pain.
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They don't have, you know, any narrowing of their arteries.
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Diabetes?
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Yeah, even diabetes, because so many people are getting diabetes now, that that's not enough.
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And those folks, I say, listen, you have two choices, either take a pill or change your lifestyle.
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And to me, it's a no -brainer.
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If you'll change the lifestyle, that's so much better than taking a pill.
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Are patients wanting to change their lifestyle and take a pill?
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Yeah.
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Oh, sure.
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No, they want to do that.
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And oftentimes we'll, we will go along that route and say, okay, you're, you're not eating correctly.
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You're not being active.
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You're still smoking.
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Why don't we start you on a pill to lower your cholesterol and also have you start working on your lifestyle.
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The problem is you can't change your lifestyle overnight.
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It takes months to years.
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Say, bring you back in nine months, 12 months, eating differently, being active.
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If you've really lowered your cholesterol a lot with the medicine and you've done nothing to change your lifestyle, then it's all the medicine.
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We say, okay, let's keep you on the medicine.
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But if you come back in a year and you've really changed your lifestyle, you're starting to be active.
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You're walking every day now.
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You give up the cigarettes.
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You're eating more fruits and vegetables.
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and you're getting better with your cholesterol, say, listen, maybe we can back off on this pill because you've changed your lifestyle so much.
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That may be all you need.
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Would you say
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that there are a fair number of people in this country who are taking the statin who really don't need
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it or shouldn't be taking it?
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Well, I think there are a lot of people
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that are taking it that are taking it to the exclusion of changing their lifestyle.
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They think if I take this pill, I can eat anything I want.
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And that's just not true.
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What are some of the statins? side effects that patients experience with statins?
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I mean, is dementia one of them?
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Dementia is not one of them.
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We've all had patients that have had problems remembering things, but if you look at big studies, it doesn't seem to be a problem.
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The big issue is two things.
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One is muscle aches.
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A lot of people get muscle aches.
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It's very interesting.
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If you tell people what they're on, it's a statin, they get more aches than if they don't know they're on a statin.
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But clearly, I've had patients, and I myself have been on six different statins.
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I couldn't wake up.
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I couldn't get out of bed one morning.
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I was so stiff.
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I thought I had rheumatoid arthritis.
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Is that right?
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Yeah.
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And so I stopped it on my own.
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It went away.
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I started up and it came back.
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So I believe that it's real.
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Number two issue to worry about is diabetes.
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Now, if you take a statin, you have a higher chance of becoming a diabetic.
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However, only people that become diabetics on a statin are the ones that were going to become one anyway.
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And they become it about three months earlier on the statin.
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There are people that have high blood sugars.
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They're obese.
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They have a big punch they have metabolic syndrome.
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Is it true that if you are diabetic you shouldn't be on a statin?
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No, that's not true.
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That is not true.
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If you're diabetic, your risk for heart disease is higher, so those are the ones we try to get on statins.
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Didn't you tell us once that
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almost 50 % of people who are in the emergency room with a heart attack have diabetes?
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Yeah, it's almost that high because it's just a huge instance of the population now that has diabetes.
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All related to obesity?
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Almost all related to obesity.
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And it's interesting, when a man becomes a diabetic, his risk for heart disease always goes up a little bit.
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When a woman becomes a diabetic, it really goes up a lot.
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Now, how do you explain that?
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Well, probably because we've got a bunch of middle -aged men with big paunches
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that are that far away from being a diabetic, and women are a little different.
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Ah, interesting.
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We've got just a minute or so remaining.
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I want to ask you about coconut oil, because it's gotten so popular.
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Not only you eat it you spread it around you use
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it for massage oil you drink
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it you whatever give us the lowdown on coconut oil is it all
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it's cracked up to be keep coconut oil on your skin don't put
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it in your body there was a study probably 40 years ago tom
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and tracy where they looked at giving people lard or butter
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or tallow you know fat from animals or coconut oil guess
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which one raised your bad cholesterol the most coconut really oh
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so delicious yes well coconut water is a little different it's you know watered down
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but i've had patients that come in
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and take a tablespoon of oil a day they said doctor
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i've heard it was good for wrinkles yeah well
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you get sort of greasy all over don't you all right there's the lowdown on cholesterol lowering statin drugs
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and also on coconut oil from Mayo Clinic preventive cardiologist, Dr. Stephen Kopetsky.
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Always glad to have you on the program.
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Thanks for being here.
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Thank you.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“Statin Misinformation: Mayo Clinic Radio”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：statin, cholesterol, lifestyle, diabetic, coconut。 這段影片共有 148 個句子、1530 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 7:52。 說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 194 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 只有 80% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| cholesterol 名詞 | /kəˈlɛstəɹɒl/ | 膽固醇 /膽固醇 |
| lifestyle 名詞 | /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ | 生活方式, 生態 /生態 |
| diabetes 名詞 | /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ | 糖尿病 |
| coconut 名詞 | /ˈkəʊ.kə.nʌt/ | 椰子 |
| pill 名詞 | /pɪl/ | 藥丸 /藥丸, 藥片 /藥片 |
| muscle 名詞 | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | 肌肉, 筋肉 |
| obesity 名詞 | /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/ | 肥胖, 肥胖症 |
| dementia 名詞 | /dɪˈmɛnʃə/ | 痴呆 /痴呆, 失智症 |
| plaque 名詞 | /plæk/ | 匾額 /匾額 |
| artery 名詞 | /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ | 動脈 /動脈 |
| topic 名詞 | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | 主題 /主題, 話題 /話題 |
| crack 名詞 | /kɹæk/ | 裂縫 /裂縫, 裂紋 /裂紋 |
| butter 名詞 | /ˈbʌtɚ/ | 牛油, bá-tah |
| fitness 名詞 | /ˈfɪt.nəs/ | 健康, 健身 |
| narrow 形容詞 | /ˈnæɹəʊ/ | 窄 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| go up 動詞 | 上昇 /上升, 上去 | |
| come back 動詞 | 回來 /回來, 返回 | |
| come up 動詞 | 上來 /上來 | |
| give up 動詞 | 投案, 自首 | |
| go away 動詞 | 離開 /離開, 走 | |
| turn out 動詞 | 原來 /原來 | |
| wake up 動詞 | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | 醒, 醒來 /醒來 |
值得反覆跟讀的句子
影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：
- I mean, it really doesn't help you much.
- The problem is you can't change your lifestyle overnight.
- We say, okay, let's keep you on the medicine.
- You're walking every day now.
- I mean, is dementia one of them?
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | have been sold · they've had · you've really lowered |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | was called · have been sold |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 52 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 you're, don't, they're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “th” 音: myth /mɪθ/, arthritis /ɑːˈθɹ(a)ɪtɪs/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: dementia /dɪˈmɛnʃə/, delicious /dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, massage /məˈsɑ(d)ʒ/, prescription /pɹəˈskɹɪp.ʃən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: cholesterol /kəˈlɛstəɹɒl/, obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, controversy /kənˈtɹɒv.ə.si/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: vessel /ˈvɛsəl/, controversy /kənˈtɹɒv.ə.si/, overnight /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈnaɪt/, whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/, vegetable /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/, coconut /ˈkəʊ.kə.nʌt/, plaque /plæk/, topic /ˈtɑpɪk/, crack /kɹæk/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: cholesterol /kəˈlɛstəɹɒl/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, correctly /kəˈɹɛk(t).li/, clarity /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.ti/, cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 cholesterol, lifestyle, diabetes 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。