シャドーイング練習: Statin Misinformation: Mayo Clinic Radio - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Welcome back to Mayo Clinic Radio.

I'm Dr. Tom Shives.

And I'm Tracy McRae.

Statins are medicines that are used to lower cholesterol in the blood.

And, you know, they're big sellers in the United States.

I think statins are the second or third most commonly prescribed prescription drug in the United States.

And for those with high cholesterol, statins work by blocking a substance in your body that's needed to make cholesterol.

and they may also help your body reabsorb cholesterol that's built up in plaques on your artery walls.

That's a good thing.

You get rid of that plaque.

Now, statins can prevent further blockage in your blood vessels and help reduce your risk of heart attack or stroke.

Now, the reason that this topic came up is because a good friend of ours gave my wife, Kula, a book.

and it was called The New Health Rules by Frank Lipman, MD, and Danielle Claro.

And it's a New York Times bestselling book.

Okay, it must be good.

Yeah, well, you'd think.

I started leafing through it and I got to this one chapter

and the title of the chapter was Step Away from Statins.

And it went on to say, if you're on a statin drug like Lipitor to lower your cholesterol,

you may know that there's controversy surrounding these medications.

And here's the clarity.

Lowering cholesterol does not, it turns out, prevent heart attacks and strokes.

We have been sold a bill of goods.

The big deal about this is that millions of people are on statins unnecessarily, and statins cause diabetes, liver damage,

nervous system problems, muscle weakness, and more.

I figured we needed a second opinion from a Mayo Clinic expert.

So maybe statins aren't for everyone, and they aren't without risk.

The information or misinformation that's available can be confusing for consumers.

Here to discuss statins is Mayo Clinic cardiologist Dr. Stephen Kopetsky.

Welcome back to the program, Dr. Kopetsky.

Thank you, Tracy and Tom.

All right, Dr. Kopetsky, we need the straight scoop.

Can statins prevent heart attacks and strokes or not?

Statins can unequivocally prevent heart attack and strokes.

Now, where does stuff like this come from?

I mean, here's a New York Times bestselling book, and it says statins can't do it.

Yeah.

It comes from, I think, the fact that statins don't reduce your risk to zero, number one.

Number two is it's becoming very clear that lifestyle is extremely important.

By that I mean if you are not fit, cardiovascular fitness, being active and can walk, if you do not follow a good diet,

eating good foods, then the statin benefits are severely limited,

meaning uh in one large study of people on statins not on statins

if they weren't eating well eating like a mediterranean diet the 40 percent of people

that were a lot of the bottom part of the eating

structure so to speak got no benefit from statins whatsoever in reducing heart attack

or stroke so you can overeat your statin is

that right yeah uh so it's not it's a myth that if you're taking a statin, you can eat anything you want.

That is absolutely not true.

In fact, if you do anything you want, you may as well not take the statin.

I mean, it really doesn't help you much.

And if I have patients that I put them into two categories, one is people with disease.

If they've had a stroke, they had a positive stress test, they've had a stent, they really need a statin.

And everybody agrees about that.

The second group are the ones that don't have disease.

They never had a heart attack, never had chest pain.

They don't have, you know, any narrowing of their arteries.

Diabetes?

Yeah, even diabetes, because so many people are getting diabetes now, that that's not enough.

And those folks, I say, listen, you have two choices, either take a pill or change your lifestyle.

And to me, it's a no -brainer.

If you'll change the lifestyle, that's so much better than taking a pill.

Are patients wanting to change their lifestyle and take a pill?

Yeah.

Oh, sure.

No, they want to do that.

And oftentimes we'll, we will go along that route and say, okay, you're, you're not eating correctly.

You're not being active.

You're still smoking.

Why don't we start you on a pill to lower your cholesterol and also have you start working on your lifestyle.

The problem is you can't change your lifestyle overnight.

It takes months to years.

Say, bring you back in nine months, 12 months, eating differently, being active.

If you've really lowered your cholesterol a lot with the medicine and you've done nothing to change your lifestyle, then it's all the medicine.

We say, okay, let's keep you on the medicine.

But if you come back in a year and you've really changed your lifestyle, you're starting to be active.

You're walking every day now.

You give up the cigarettes.

You're eating more fruits and vegetables.

and you're getting better with your cholesterol, say, listen, maybe we can back off on this pill because you've changed your lifestyle so much.

That may be all you need.

Would you say

that there are a fair number of people in this country who are taking the statin who really don't need

it or shouldn't be taking it?

Well, I think there are a lot of people

that are taking it that are taking it to the exclusion of changing their lifestyle.

They think if I take this pill, I can eat anything I want.

And that's just not true.

What are some of the statins? side effects that patients experience with statins?

I mean, is dementia one of them?

Dementia is not one of them.

We've all had patients that have had problems remembering things, but if you look at big studies, it doesn't seem to be a problem.

The big issue is two things.

One is muscle aches.

A lot of people get muscle aches.

It's very interesting.

If you tell people what they're on, it's a statin, they get more aches than if they don't know they're on a statin.

But clearly, I've had patients, and I myself have been on six different statins.

I couldn't wake up.

I couldn't get out of bed one morning.

100

I was so stiff.

101

I thought I had rheumatoid arthritis.

102

Is that right?

103

Yeah.

104

And so I stopped it on my own.

105

It went away.

106

I started up and it came back.

107

So I believe that it's real.

108

Number two issue to worry about is diabetes.

109

Now, if you take a statin, you have a higher chance of becoming a diabetic.

110

However, only people that become diabetics on a statin are the ones that were going to become one anyway.

111

And they become it about three months earlier on the statin.

112

There are people that have high blood sugars.

113

They're obese.

114

They have a big punch they have metabolic syndrome.

115

Is it true that if you are diabetic you shouldn't be on a statin?

116

No, that's not true.

117

That is not true.

118

If you're diabetic, your risk for heart disease is higher, so those are the ones we try to get on statins.

119

Didn't you tell us once that

120

almost 50 % of people who are in the emergency room with a heart attack have diabetes?

121

Yeah, it's almost that high because it's just a huge instance of the population now that has diabetes.

122

All related to obesity?

123

Almost all related to obesity.

124

And it's interesting, when a man becomes a diabetic, his risk for heart disease always goes up a little bit.

125

When a woman becomes a diabetic, it really goes up a lot.

126

Now, how do you explain that?

127

Well, probably because we've got a bunch of middle -aged men with big paunches

128

that are that far away from being a diabetic, and women are a little different.

129

Ah, interesting.

130

We've got just a minute or so remaining.

131

I want to ask you about coconut oil, because it's gotten so popular.

132

Not only you eat it you spread it around you use

133

it for massage oil you drink

134

it you whatever give us the lowdown on coconut oil is it all

135

it's cracked up to be keep coconut oil on your skin don't put

136

it in your body there was a study probably 40 years ago tom

137

and tracy where they looked at giving people lard or butter

138

or tallow you know fat from animals or coconut oil guess

139

which one raised your bad cholesterol the most coconut really oh

140

so delicious yes well coconut water is a little different it's you know watered down

141

but i've had patients that come in

142

and take a tablespoon of oil a day they said doctor

143

i've heard it was good for wrinkles yeah well

144

you get sort of greasy all over don't you all right there's the lowdown on cholesterol lowering statin drugs

145

and also on coconut oil from Mayo Clinic preventive cardiologist, Dr. Stephen Kopetsky.

146

Always glad to have you on the program.

147

Thanks for being here.

148

Thank you.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Statin Misinformation: Mayo Clinic Radio」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：statin, cholesterol, lifestyle, diabetic, coconut。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が148文、単語が1530語あります。音声の長さは7:52です。話す速さは速く、1分あたり約194語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は80%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
cholesterol 名詞	/kəˈlɛstəɹɒl/	コレステロール
lifestyle 名詞	/ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/	ライフスタイル, 生活様式
diabetes 名詞	/ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/	糖尿病
coconut 名詞	/ˈkəʊ.kə.nʌt/	ココナッツ, 椰子の実
pill 名詞	/pɪl/	錠剤, 丸薬
muscle 名詞	/ˈmʌs.əl/	筋肉, 筋
obesity 名詞	/ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/	肥満, 肥大
dementia 名詞	/dɪˈmɛnʃə/	認知症
artery 名詞	/ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/	動脈
topic 名詞	/ˈtɑpɪk/	話題, テーマ
crack 名詞	/kɹæk/	ひび, 亀裂
butter 名詞	/ˈbʌtɚ/	バター, 牛酪
fitness 名詞	/ˈfɪt.nəs/	健康, フィットネス
narrow 形容詞	/ˈnæɹəʊ/	狭い
delicious 形容詞	/dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/	美味しい, 旨い

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	発音	意味
go up 動詞		上がる, 登る
come back 動詞		戻る, 帰る
come up 動詞		上がる, 登る
give up 動詞		降服する
go away 動詞		去る, 出る
wake up 動詞	/ˌweɪk ˈʌp/	目覚める, 目を覚ます

繰り返し練習したい文

動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。

I mean, it really doesn't help you much.
The problem is you can't change your lifestyle overnight.
We say, okay, let's keep you on the medicine.
You're walking every day now.
I mean, is dementia one of them?

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	have been sold · they've had · you've really lowered
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	was called · have been sold

注意したい発音

話し手はyou're, don't, they'reなど、短縮形や弱形を52回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: myth /mɪθ/, arthritis /ɑːˈθɹ(a)ɪtɪs/
「sh」と「zh」の音: dementia /dɪˈmɛnʃə/, delicious /dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, massage /məˈsɑ(d)ʒ/, prescription /pɹəˈskɹɪp.ʃən/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: cholesterol /kəˈlɛstəɹɒl/, obesity /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/, controversy /kənˈtɹɒv.ə.si/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: cholesterol /kəˈlɛstəɹɒl/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, correctly /kəˈɹɛk(t).li/, clarity /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.ti/, cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdi.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: vessel /ˈvɛsəl/, controversy /kənˈtɹɒv.ə.si/, overnight /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈnaɪt/, whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/, vegetable /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: lifestyle /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/, fitness /ˈfɪt.nəs/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, folk /foʊk/, leaf /lif/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。cholesterol, lifestyle, diabetesなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Statin Misinformation: Mayo Clinic Radio - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる句動詞

繰り返し練習したい文

この動画の文法

注意したい発音

この動画での練習方法

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由