跟讀練習: Johann Hari on addiction - 通過影片學習英語口語
選擇練習模式
每種模式都會開啟全屏練習室。
44 句
如果句子過短或過長，請點選 Edit 進行調整。
1
Almost everything we think we know about addiction is wrong.
2
The idea of addiction we've all got in our heads, that story, comes partly from a series of experiments that were done earlier in the 20th century.
3
You get a rat and you put it in a cage, and you give it two water bottles.
4
One is just water, and the other is water laced with either heroin or cocaine.
5
The rat will almost always prefer the drugged water and almost always kill itself quite quickly.
6
In the 70s, Bruce Alexander, professor of psychology in Vancouver, comes along and he looks at this experiment and he noticed something.
7
Ah, we're putting the rat in an empty cage.
8
It's got nothing to do except use these drugs.
9
Let's try something a bit different.
10
So Professor Alexander built a cage that he called Rat Park, which is basically heaven for rats, right?
11
They've got loads of cheese, they've got loads of colored balls, they've got loads of tunnels.
12
Crucially, they've got loads of friends, they can have loads of sex, and they've got both the water bottles, the normal water and the drugged water.
13
But here's the fascinating thing.
14
In Rat Park, they don't like the drugged water.
15
They almost never use it.
16
None of them ever use it compulsively.
17
None of them ever overdose.
18
You go from almost 100% overdose when they're isolated to 0% overdose when they have happy and connected lives.
19
What if addiction isn't about your chemical hooks?
20
What if addiction is about your cage?
21
What if addiction is an adaptation to your environment?
22
This has really significant implications.
23
The most obvious implications are for the war on drugs, right?
24
We punish addicts, we shame them, we give them criminal records, we put barriers between them reconnecting.
25
Now, there's a place that decided to do the exact opposite, and I went there to see how it worked.
26
In the year 2000, Portugal had one of the worst drug problems in Europe.
27
So one day, the prime minister and the leader of the opposition got together, set up a panel of scientists and doctors to figure out what would genuinely solve the problem.
28
And they came back and they said, decriminalize all drugs, from cannabis to crack.
29
But, and this is the crucial next step, take all the money we used to spend on cutting addicts off,
30
on disconnecting them, and spend it instead on reconnecting them with the society.
31
But the biggest thing they did was the complete opposite of what we do, massive program of job creation for addicts and microloans for addicts to set up small businesses.
32
And when I went and met the addicts in Portugal, it's fascinating, what they said is, as they rediscovered purpose, they rediscovered bonds and relationships with the wider society,
33
and the results are in.
34
Injecting drug use is down in Portugal, according to the British Journal of Criminology, by 50 percent.
35
Overdose is massively down, HIV is massively down among addicts, addiction in every study is significantly down.
36
We talk all the time in addiction about individual recovery, and it's right to talk about that.
37
But we need to talk much more about social recovery.
38
We created a society where, for a lot of us, life looks a whole lot more like that isolated cage and a whole lot less like Rat Park.
39
What I try to do now, and I can't tell you I do it consistently and I can't tell you it's easy, is to say to the addicts in my life that I want to deepen the connection with them,
40
to say to them, I love you whether you're using or you're not, And if you need me, I'll come and sit with you,
41
because I love you and I don't want you to be alone or to feel alone."
42
And I think the core of that message, you're not alone, we love you, has to be at every level of how we respond to addicts,
43
socially, politically and individually, because the opposite of addiction is not sobriety.
44
The opposite of addiction is connection.
FOR YOU
推薦影片
C129
9 句
The Cure for Addiction
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
284 句
Why do people smoke?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
273 句
PNTV: Get Out of Your Mind & Into Your Life by Steven C. Hayes
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
129 句
Why we can't stop eating unhealthy foods
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
63 句
Al Jourgensen on Drugs & Johnny Depp
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C14
131 句
The medicine myth | Denis Noble, Nessa Carey, Guy Brown
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B28
135 句
The Mindset That Saved Tom Holland...
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C1182 句
Does Wall Street do drugs anymore?
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B28
73 句
Flea on drugs - addiction recovery - inspiration - RHCP
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C17
12 句
The Dark Truth About Human Nature
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C14
54 句
When Your Brain Forgets Porn, Something Happens - Dr. Andrew Huberman
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C118
36 句
Why successful people set habits, not just goals | Wendy Wood
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“Johann Hari on addiction”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：addiction, addicts, rat, cage, loads。 這段影片共有 44 個句子、684 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 3:32。 說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 193 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 82% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| addiction 名詞 | /əˈdɪkˌʃən/ | 成癮 /成癮 |
| addict 名詞 | /ˈæd.ɪkt/ | 上癮的人 /上癮的人 |
| cage 名詞 | /keɪd͡ʒ/ | 籠子 /籠子, 籠 /籠 |
| overdose 名詞 | /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdəʊs/ | 藥劑過量 /藥劑過量, 用藥過量 /用藥過量 |
| fascinate 動詞 | /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ | 誘惑 /誘惑, 迷住 |
| isolate 動詞 | /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/ | 孤立 |
| deepen 動詞 | /ˈdiːpən/ | 加深 |
| inject 動詞 | /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛkt/ | 注射 |
| microloan 名詞 | 微貸 /微貸 | |
| heroine 名詞 | /ˈhɪɹoʊɪn/ | 女英雄, 女主角 |
| lace 動詞 | /leɪs/ | 繫 /系 |
| punish 動詞 | /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ | 懲罰 /懲罰, 處罰 /處罰 |
| cocaine 名詞 | /koʊˈkeɪn/ | 可卡因, 古柯鹼 /古柯鹼 |
| cannabis 名詞 | /ˈkæ.nə.bɪs/ | 大麻 |
| barrier 名詞 | /ˈbæɹi.ə/ | 障, 柵欄 /柵欄 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| come along 動詞 | 陪伴, 陪同 |
| come back 動詞 | 回來 /回來, 返回 |
| figure out 動詞 | 弄清楚 |
值得反覆跟讀的句子
影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：
- Ah, we're putting the rat in an empty cage.
- Let's try something a bit different.
- What if addiction isn't about your chemical hooks?
- What if addiction is about your cage?
- What if addiction is an adaptation to your environment?
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 17 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 they've, you're, can't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, crucially /ˈkɹuːʃəli/, punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, decriminalize /diːˈkɹɪmɪnəlaɪz/, sobriety /səˈbɹaɪ.ɪ.ti/, individually /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əli/, adaptation /ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: overdose /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdəʊs/, massively /ˈmæs.ɪv.li/, individually /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əli/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: addict /ˈæd.ɪkt/, cage /keɪd͡ʒ/, overdose /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdəʊs/, fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/, reconnect /ˌɹiː.kəˈnɛkt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: crucially /ˈkɹuːʃəli/, decriminalize /diːˈkɹɪmɪnəlaɪz/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 addiction, addict, cage 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。