跟读练习: Johann Hari on addiction - 通过视频学习英语口语

Almost everything we think we know about addiction is wrong.

The idea of addiction we've all got in our heads, that story, comes partly from a series of experiments that were done earlier in the 20th century.

You get a rat and you put it in a cage, and you give it two water bottles.

One is just water, and the other is water laced with either heroin or cocaine.

The rat will almost always prefer the drugged water and almost always kill itself quite quickly.

In the 70s, Bruce Alexander, professor of psychology in Vancouver, comes along and he looks at this experiment and he noticed something.

Ah, we're putting the rat in an empty cage.

It's got nothing to do except use these drugs.

Let's try something a bit different.

So Professor Alexander built a cage that he called Rat Park, which is basically heaven for rats, right?

They've got loads of cheese, they've got loads of colored balls, they've got loads of tunnels.

Crucially, they've got loads of friends, they can have loads of sex, and they've got both the water bottles, the normal water and the drugged water.

But here's the fascinating thing.

In Rat Park, they don't like the drugged water.

They almost never use it.

None of them ever use it compulsively.

None of them ever overdose.

You go from almost 100% overdose when they're isolated to 0% overdose when they have happy and connected lives.

What if addiction isn't about your chemical hooks?

What if addiction is about your cage?

What if addiction is an adaptation to your environment?

This has really significant implications.

The most obvious implications are for the war on drugs, right?

We punish addicts, we shame them, we give them criminal records, we put barriers between them reconnecting.

Now, there's a place that decided to do the exact opposite, and I went there to see how it worked.

In the year 2000, Portugal had one of the worst drug problems in Europe.

So one day, the prime minister and the leader of the opposition got together, set up a panel of scientists and doctors to figure out what would genuinely solve the problem.

And they came back and they said, decriminalize all drugs, from cannabis to crack.

But, and this is the crucial next step, take all the money we used to spend on cutting addicts off,

on disconnecting them, and spend it instead on reconnecting them with the society.

But the biggest thing they did was the complete opposite of what we do, massive program of job creation for addicts and microloans for addicts to set up small businesses.

And when I went and met the addicts in Portugal, it's fascinating, what they said is, as they rediscovered purpose, they rediscovered bonds and relationships with the wider society,

and the results are in.

Injecting drug use is down in Portugal, according to the British Journal of Criminology, by 50 percent.

Overdose is massively down, HIV is massively down among addicts, addiction in every study is significantly down.

We talk all the time in addiction about individual recovery, and it's right to talk about that.

But we need to talk much more about social recovery.

We created a society where, for a lot of us, life looks a whole lot more like that isolated cage and a whole lot less like Rat Park.

What I try to do now, and I can't tell you I do it consistently and I can't tell you it's easy, is to say to the addicts in my life that I want to deepen the connection with them,

to say to them, I love you whether you're using or you're not, And if you need me, I'll come and sit with you,

because I love you and I don't want you to be alone or to feel alone."

And I think the core of that message, you're not alone, we love you, has to be at every level of how we respond to addicts,

socially, politically and individually, because the opposite of addiction is not sobriety.

The opposite of addiction is connection.

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129 句

本课的词汇与口语要点

这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“Johann Hari on addiction”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：addiction, addicts, rat, cage, loads。这段视频共有 44 个句子、684 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 3:32。说话人语速较快，每分钟约 193 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 82% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
addiction 名词	/əˈdɪkˌʃən/	成癮 /成瘾
addict 名词	/ˈæd.ɪkt/	上癮的人 /上瘾的人
cage 名词	/keɪd͡ʒ/	籠子 /笼子, 籠 /笼
overdose 名词	/ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdəʊs/	藥劑過量 /药剂过量, 用藥過量 /用药过量
fascinate 动词	/ˈfæsɪneɪt/	誘惑 /诱惑, 迷住
isolate 动词	/ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/	孤立
deepen 动词	/ˈdiːpən/	加深
inject 动词	/ɪnˈd͡ʒɛkt/	注射
microloan 名词		微貸 /微贷
heroine 名词	/ˈhɪɹoʊɪn/	女英雄, 女主角
lace 动词	/leɪs/	繫 /系
punish 动词	/ˈpʌnɪʃ/	懲罰 /惩罚, 處罰 /处罚
cocaine 名词	/koʊˈkeɪn/	可卡因, 古柯鹼 /古柯碱
cannabis 名词	/ˈkæ.nə.bɪs/	大麻
barrier 名词	/ˈbæɹi.ə/	障, 柵欄 /栅栏

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	释义
come along 动词	陪伴, 陪同
come back 动词	回來 /回来, 返回
figure out 动词	弄清楚

值得反复跟读的句子

视频中简短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常对话里：

Ah, we're putting the rat in an empty cage.
Let's try something a bit different.
What if addiction isn't about your chemical hooks?
What if addiction is about your cage?
What if addiction is an adaptation to your environment?

需要注意的发音

说话人用了 17 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 they've, you're, can't。请按听到的简短形式来说。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, crucially /ˈkɹuːʃəli/, punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/
长单词——注意重音位置: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, decriminalize /diːˈkɹɪmɪnəlaɪz/, sobriety /səˈbɹaɪ.ɪ.ti/, individually /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əli/, adaptation /ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: overdose /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdəʊs/, massively /ˈmæs.ɪv.li/, individually /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əli/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: addict /ˈæd.ɪkt/, cage /keɪd͡ʒ/, overdose /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdəʊs/, fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/, reconnect /ˌɹiː.kəˈnɛkt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: crucially /ˈkɹuːʃəli/, decriminalize /diːˈkɹɪmɪnəlaɪz/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 addiction, addict, cage 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: Johann Hari on addiction - 通过视频学习英语口语

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