シャドーイング練習: Johann Hari on addiction - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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Almost everything we think we know about addiction is wrong.
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The idea of addiction we've all got in our heads, that story, comes partly from a series of experiments that were done earlier in the 20th century.
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You get a rat and you put it in a cage, and you give it two water bottles.
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One is just water, and the other is water laced with either heroin or cocaine.
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The rat will almost always prefer the drugged water and almost always kill itself quite quickly.
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In the 70s, Bruce Alexander, professor of psychology in Vancouver, comes along and he looks at this experiment and he noticed something.
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Ah, we're putting the rat in an empty cage.
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It's got nothing to do except use these drugs.
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Let's try something a bit different.
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So Professor Alexander built a cage that he called Rat Park, which is basically heaven for rats, right?
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They've got loads of cheese, they've got loads of colored balls, they've got loads of tunnels.
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Crucially, they've got loads of friends, they can have loads of sex, and they've got both the water bottles, the normal water and the drugged water.
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But here's the fascinating thing.
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In Rat Park, they don't like the drugged water.
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They almost never use it.
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None of them ever use it compulsively.
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None of them ever overdose.
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You go from almost 100% overdose when they're isolated to 0% overdose when they have happy and connected lives.
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What if addiction isn't about your chemical hooks?
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What if addiction is about your cage?
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What if addiction is an adaptation to your environment?
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This has really significant implications.
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The most obvious implications are for the war on drugs, right?
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We punish addicts, we shame them, we give them criminal records, we put barriers between them reconnecting.
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Now, there's a place that decided to do the exact opposite, and I went there to see how it worked.
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In the year 2000, Portugal had one of the worst drug problems in Europe.
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So one day, the prime minister and the leader of the opposition got together, set up a panel of scientists and doctors to figure out what would genuinely solve the problem.
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And they came back and they said, decriminalize all drugs, from cannabis to crack.
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But, and this is the crucial next step, take all the money we used to spend on cutting addicts off,
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on disconnecting them, and spend it instead on reconnecting them with the society.
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But the biggest thing they did was the complete opposite of what we do, massive program of job creation for addicts and microloans for addicts to set up small businesses.
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And when I went and met the addicts in Portugal, it's fascinating, what they said is, as they rediscovered purpose, they rediscovered bonds and relationships with the wider society,
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and the results are in.
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Injecting drug use is down in Portugal, according to the British Journal of Criminology, by 50 percent.
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Overdose is massively down, HIV is massively down among addicts, addiction in every study is significantly down.
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We talk all the time in addiction about individual recovery, and it's right to talk about that.
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But we need to talk much more about social recovery.
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We created a society where, for a lot of us, life looks a whole lot more like that isolated cage and a whole lot less like Rat Park.
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What I try to do now, and I can't tell you I do it consistently and I can't tell you it's easy, is to say to the addicts in my life that I want to deepen the connection with them,
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to say to them, I love you whether you're using or you're not, And if you need me, I'll come and sit with you,
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because I love you and I don't want you to be alone or to feel alone."
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And I think the core of that message, you're not alone, we love you, has to be at every level of how we respond to addicts,
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socially, politically and individually, because the opposite of addiction is not sobriety.
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The opposite of addiction is connection.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Johann Hari on addiction」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：addiction, addicts, rat, cage, loads。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が44文、単語が684語あります。 音声の長さは3:32です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約193語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 単語の82%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| addiction 名詞 | /əˈdɪkˌʃən/ | 嗜癖 |
| addict 名詞 | /ˈæd.ɪkt/ | 中毒者 |
| cage 名詞 | /keɪd͡ʒ/ | 檻, 篭 |
| overdose 名詞 | /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdəʊs/ | オーバードース, 過剰摂取 |
| fascinate 動詞 | /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ | 魅惑する |
| reconnect 動詞 | /ˌɹiː.kəˈnɛkt/ | 再会する |
| isolate 動詞 | /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/ | 切り離す, 隔絶する |
| decriminalize 動詞 | /diːˈkɹɪmɪnəlaɪz/ | 非犯罪化する |
| deepen 動詞 | /ˈdiːpən/ | 深める |
| sobriety 名詞 | /səˈbɹaɪ.ɪ.ti/ | しらふ |
| heroine 名詞 | /ˈhɪɹoʊɪn/ | 勇婦, ヒロイン |
| punish 動詞 | /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ | 罰する, 懲罰する |
| cocaine 名詞 | /koʊˈkeɪn/ | コカイン |
| cannabis 名詞 | /ˈkæ.nə.bɪs/ | 大麻, インド大麻 |
| politically 副詞 | 政治的 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| come back 動詞 | 戻る, 帰る |
繰り返し練習したい文
動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。
- Ah, we're putting the rat in an empty cage.
- Let's try something a bit different.
- What if addiction isn't about your chemical hooks?
- What if addiction is about your cage?
- What if addiction is an adaptation to your environment?
注意したい発音
話し手はthey've, you're, can'tなど、短縮形や弱形を17回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, crucially /ˈkɹuːʃəli/, punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, decriminalize /diːˈkɹɪmɪnəlaɪz/, sobriety /səˈbɹaɪ.ɪ.ti/, individually /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əli/, adaptation /ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: crucially /ˈkɹuːʃəli/, decriminalize /diːˈkɹɪmɪnəlaɪz/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: overdose /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdəʊs/, massively /ˈmæs.ɪv.li/, individually /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əli/
- 子音の連続 — 間に母音を入れない: addict /ˈæd.ɪkt/, reconnect /ˌɹiː.kəˈnɛkt/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, crucially /ˈkɹuːʃəli/, disconnect /dɪskəˈnɛkt/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。addiction, addict, cageなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。