Pratique du Shadowing: Johann Hari on addiction - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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44 phrases

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Almost everything we think we know about addiction is wrong.

The idea of addiction we've all got in our heads, that story, comes partly from a series of experiments that were done earlier in the 20th century.

You get a rat and you put it in a cage, and you give it two water bottles.

One is just water, and the other is water laced with either heroin or cocaine.

The rat will almost always prefer the drugged water and almost always kill itself quite quickly.

In the 70s, Bruce Alexander, professor of psychology in Vancouver, comes along and he looks at this experiment and he noticed something.

Ah, we're putting the rat in an empty cage.

It's got nothing to do except use these drugs.

Let's try something a bit different.

So Professor Alexander built a cage that he called Rat Park, which is basically heaven for rats, right?

They've got loads of cheese, they've got loads of colored balls, they've got loads of tunnels.

Crucially, they've got loads of friends, they can have loads of sex, and they've got both the water bottles, the normal water and the drugged water.

But here's the fascinating thing.

In Rat Park, they don't like the drugged water.

They almost never use it.

None of them ever use it compulsively.

None of them ever overdose.

You go from almost 100% overdose when they're isolated to 0% overdose when they have happy and connected lives.

What if addiction isn't about your chemical hooks?

What if addiction is about your cage?

What if addiction is an adaptation to your environment?

This has really significant implications.

The most obvious implications are for the war on drugs, right?

We punish addicts, we shame them, we give them criminal records, we put barriers between them reconnecting.

Now, there's a place that decided to do the exact opposite, and I went there to see how it worked.

In the year 2000, Portugal had one of the worst drug problems in Europe.

So one day, the prime minister and the leader of the opposition got together, set up a panel of scientists and doctors to figure out what would genuinely solve the problem.

And they came back and they said, decriminalize all drugs, from cannabis to crack.

But, and this is the crucial next step, take all the money we used to spend on cutting addicts off,

on disconnecting them, and spend it instead on reconnecting them with the society.

But the biggest thing they did was the complete opposite of what we do, massive program of job creation for addicts and microloans for addicts to set up small businesses.

And when I went and met the addicts in Portugal, it's fascinating, what they said is, as they rediscovered purpose, they rediscovered bonds and relationships with the wider society,

and the results are in.

Injecting drug use is down in Portugal, according to the British Journal of Criminology, by 50 percent.

Overdose is massively down, HIV is massively down among addicts, addiction in every study is significantly down.

We talk all the time in addiction about individual recovery, and it's right to talk about that.

But we need to talk much more about social recovery.

We created a society where, for a lot of us, life looks a whole lot more like that isolated cage and a whole lot less like Rat Park.

What I try to do now, and I can't tell you I do it consistently and I can't tell you it's easy, is to say to the addicts in my life that I want to deepen the connection with them,

to say to them, I love you whether you're using or you're not, And if you need me, I'll come and sit with you,

because I love you and I don't want you to be alone or to feel alone."

And I think the core of that message, you're not alone, we love you, has to be at every level of how we respond to addicts,

socially, politically and individually, because the opposite of addiction is not sobriety.

The opposite of addiction is connection.

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129 phrases

Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Johann Hari on addiction ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : addiction, addicts, rat, cage, loads. Cette vidéo contient 44 phrases et 684 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 3:32. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 193 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. 82 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
addiction nom	/əˈdɪkˌʃən/	dépendance, addiction
addict nom	/ˈæd.ɪkt/	dépendant, dépendante
cage nom	/keɪd͡ʒ/	cage
overdose nom	/ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdəʊs/	surdose, surdosage
fascinate verbe	/ˈfæsɪneɪt/	fasciner
reconnect verbe	/ˌɹiː.kəˈnɛkt/	reconnecter
rediscover verbe		redécouvrir, retrouver
isolate verbe	/ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/	isoler, esseuler
decriminalize verbe	/diːˈkɹɪmɪnəlaɪz/	dépénaliser, décriminaliser
deepen verbe	/ˈdiːpən/	approfondir
disconnect verbe	/dɪskəˈnɛkt/	débrancher, déconnecter
inject verbe	/ɪnˈd͡ʒɛkt/	injecter
sobriety nom	/səˈbɹaɪ.ɪ.ti/	sobriété
heroine nom	/ˈhɪɹoʊɪn/	héroïne
lace verbe	/leɪs/	lacer

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
set up verbe	/ˌsɛt ˈʌp/	mettre en place, installer
come along verbe		accompagner, venir
come back verbe		revenir
figure out verbe		cerner

Des phrases à répéter

Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :

Ah, we're putting the rat in an empty cage.
Let's try something a bit different.
What if addiction isn't about your chemical hooks?
What if addiction is about your cage?
What if addiction is an adaptation to your environment?

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 17 contractions et formes réduites, comme they've, you're, can't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

Les sons « sh » et « zh »: addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, crucially /ˈkɹuːʃəli/, punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/
Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/, decriminalize /diːˈkɹɪmɪnəlaɪz/, sobriety /səˈbɹaɪ.ɪ.ti/, individually /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əli/, adaptation /ˌæd.æpˈteɪ.ʃən/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

/tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: cage /keɪd͡ʒ/, inject /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛkt/, individually /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əli/, genuinely /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.ɪn.li/
/r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: overdose /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdəʊs/, reconnect /ˌɹiː.kəˈnɛkt/, crucially /ˈkɹuːʃəli/, decriminalize /diːˈkɹɪmɪnəlaɪz/, sobriety /səˈbɹaɪ.ɪ.ti/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme addiction, addict, cage.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →

Pratique du Shadowing: Johann Hari on addiction - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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